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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Haiqi Li; Sung Yong Park; Joo Hwan Seo |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates international inbound tourism demand for South Korea and its determinants using quantile autoregressive model. In contrast to previous studies which dealt with only conditional mean, we examine effects of covariates at various conditional quantile levels; and therefore, more complete and interesting results are found. For inbound tourism demand, U.S. and Japanese tourism� demand are considered. For U.S. tourism demand, costs of living in Korea and competing destinations have moderate significant negative effects only at very high and low quantiles, while income does not have any significant effect to tourism demand. On the other hand, for Japanese tourism demand, income has significantly positive effects at lower quantiles, and living costs in Korea and competing destinations have significant negative effects at higher quantiles. These results address the heterogeneity in the tourism demand analysis. |
| Keywords: | Tourism demand; Quantile autoregression; Elasticity;Response analysis |
| JEL: | C22 L83 |
| Date: | 2013–10–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wyi:journl:002126&r=tur |
| By: | Joo Hwan Seo; Sung Yong Park; Soyoung Boo |
| Abstract: | This study investigated Korean outbound tourism demand and its determinants using the Granger causality (GC) analysis. In contrast to previous studies, which dealt only with internal factors, such as exchange rate and income, this study examined the effects of interactions among countries and, therefore, more complete and relevant results were found. Korean outbound tourism to the USA is causally related to Korean outbound tourism to the other six countries in this present study. These results can be applicable for the purpose of tourism marketing and strategies for industries and governments to allocate tourism resources more efficiently. |
| Keywords: | Korean outbound tourism demand, causality relationship, vector autoregressive model, interrelationship |
| JEL: | C32 E62 |
| Date: | 2013–10–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wyi:journl:002106&r=tur |
| By: | Joo Hwan Seo; Sung Yong Park; Larry Yu |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the determinants of the relationship among Korean outbound tourism demand for Jeju Island and three other Asian island countries using the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (MGARCH) and Vector Error Correction (VEC) models. It is found that pairwise conditional correlations among tourism demand for Jeju, Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines are not constant but time varying. Estimated conditional correlations among Jeju and the three Asian countries are negative over some time periods. This implies that the three Asian countries are substitutes for Jeju in certain specific time horizons. The VEC model is used to investigate the short-run and long-run dynamic relationships and the results reveal that Industrial Production Index and real exchange rates had the positive or negative impact on conditional correlations of tourism demand for these destinations. Tourism policy implications are discussed for managing tourism demand for these destinations. |
| Keywords: | Dynamic conditional correlation; Multivariate GARCH; Vector error correction model; Jeju Island; Korean outbound tourism |
| Date: | 2013–10–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wyi:journl:002100&r=tur |
| By: | Sung Yong Park; and Sang Young Jei |
| Abstract: | This article examines volatility and its determinants of international tourism demand for Korea. Based on the exponential generalized autoregressive heteroskedasticity model, some evidences are found such that the leverage effects are presented in the tourism demand, and the determinants of volatility are country specific. The finding illustrates that the specific characteristics of a particular origin country should be taken into account to develop policies or plans for tourism industries. |
| Date: | 2013–10–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wyi:journl:002105&r=tur |
| By: | Adeel, Muhammad; Anthony G.O., Yeh; Zhang, Feng |
| Abstract: | Pakistan’s national economic growth framework views connectivity between people and settlements as an engine of economic development. However, a little is known about the patterns of mobility across socioeconomic segments of the country. The study aims to explore gender differences in travel behavior across urban and rural areas that remain unexplored due to the non-availability of suitable data. The paper employs national dataset of 2007 Time Use Survey (TUS) carried out to measure gendered time use in paid and unpaid work activities. In TUS, a national sample of 37830 respondents living in 19380 households, ageing 11 and above, was selected for household and time diary surveys during the whole year 2007. Time use diary recorded various activities carried out by respondents in forty eight 30-minute long episodes of the past day, their context locations and simultaneity, according to 125 activity codes based on UN designed International Classification of Activities for Time Use Surveys. Preprocessed TUS, that is publically available from Pakistan Strategy Support Program, was analyzed using longitudinal data analysis techniques. According to the results, large gender differences are found in travel behavior related to trip rate, travel mode, duration and purpose of travel. Female are more likely to be immobile as 55 percent female respondents did not report any trip in the diary day as compared to just 4 percent male respondents. Women make lesser daily trips (2.8) than men (5.4) and the greatest difference exist for leisure and sociocultural trips. Women are more automobile dependent as their share of automobile trips (13 %) is greater than men’s share (10 %). Period of adulthood and marriage seems to restrict female mobility and leisure travel strongly. Female travel behavior is largely shaped by sociocultural, economical and built environment of the country. The findings points out the need for gender sensitive transport and land use policies in the country as women are more likely to be immobile or travel less due to their concerns related to safety, security and quality of transportation. Potential sources of bias and research directions are pointed out at the end. |
| Keywords: | Travel behavior, immobility, Pakistan, time use, Time Use Survey 2007, |
| JEL: | R41 R42 |
| Date: | 2013–09–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:55474&r=tur |
| By: | José Miguel Martín Rodríguez |
| Abstract: | As we know, the European Union has faced the challenge of harmonization in the tax field with varied results. We may think that the advanced harmonization in indirect taxes (custom duties, VAT and excise duties) has reduced the distortions that they may create in the intra-EU commerce. Far from this assumption, in the paper we will underline how the lack of a complete harmonization may create competitive advantages in certain countries and sectors. Specifically, we will examine how the road haulage sector is affected by the differences in diesel excise duties among Member States. The proposal for a Euro-Mediterranean Free-Trade Area would face the same problems as the European Union. If there are distortions inside the European Union, the extension of the free trade area to other mediterranean countries would possibly worsen it. This is why we suggest the establishment of a system equivalent to the IFTA (International Fuel Tax Agreement), existing in the United States and Canada, in order to achieve an efficient haulage system free of tax distortions. |
| Keywords: | excise duties, diesel, fuel tourism, IFTA, tax harmonization |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uae:sermed:35&r=tur |