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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Cannas, Rita |
| Abstract: | In the last decades, sustainable tourism models have become a key topic in the academic debate, as well as in policy makers’ strategies. Within the tourism industry, there is an emerging need to match the expectations of a new and consistent niche of tourists, who increasingly demand tourism accommodation facilities with ecological features. The arising of the eco-consumers keeps opening today economic opportunities for businesses. The paper analyses the economic and social feasibility of Craik, an ecovillage project in a remote area of Scotland, which aims to adopt sustainability practices in every aspect of its tourism facilities (e.g. low carbon building; use of green energy; wastewater treatment). The study is divided in three main parts: the first adopt a marketing perspective in order to investigate the demand and the supply of the international ecotourism market; the second analyses the market of high quality lodge accommodation in Scotland and the Borders; the third explores the potential outcomes of the project in terms of revenues, number of employees and partnerships with local businesses. The paper concludes that the Craik’s ecovillage project could represent a challenging opportunity to experiment with a new model of sustainable tourism accommodation in Scotland. However, final recommendations suggest the need to rethink the product in terms of ecolodge design, to provide high quality furnishing products and a detailed profile of potential customers, as well as the need to identify specific marketing strategies that could effectively match tourists’ expectations. |
| Keywords: | sustainable tourism feasibility study ecotourism market |
| JEL: | M31 L83 Q57 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:39838&r=tur |
| By: | Shawn Arita (University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics); Sumner La Croix (UHERO, University of Hawaii at Manoa); James Mak (UHERO, University of Hawaii at Manoa) |
| Abstract: | ChinaÕs Approved Destination Status (ADS) policy governs foreign leisure travel by citizens to ADS-designated countries. To model the effects of ADS on Chinese visitor arrivals, we specify a model of demand for a representative Chinese consumer who values trips to n differentiated foreign destinations. Using panel data for Chinese visitor arrivals for 61 countries from 1985 to 2005, we estimate fixed effects models accounting for selection effects and a semiparametric matched difference-in-differences (DID) model. The semiparametric matched DID estimates indicate that ADS increased Chinese visitor arrivals annually by 10.5 to 15.7 percent in the three-year period following ADS designation. |
| Keywords: | Approved Destination Status, ADS, China, Tourism |
| JEL: | F13 F14 L83 |
| Date: | 2012–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hae:wpaper:2012-4&r=tur |
| By: | Sheard, Nicholas (Dept. of Economics, Stockholm University) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the effects of airport infrastructure on local employment in the manufacturing and service sectors, using data from the United States. The effects are relevant to the evaluation of airport construction or improvement projects as these often aim to attract firms or improve conditions for existing local firms by making travel to and from the local area more convenient. To address the endogeneity problem that results from demand-driven airport expansion, the 1944 National Airport Plan of the Civil Aeronautics Administration is used to instrument for the current distribution of airports. The Plan had a strong effect on where airports were constructed in the decades following its adoption, but apparently allocated airports for reasons otherwise exogenous to current industry shares. Airport size is found to have a positive effect on local employment in tradable services, with an elasticity of approximately 0.1, and a negative effect on manufacturing. There is no measurable effect on non-tradable services. |
| Keywords: | Air transport; services trade; infrastructure |
| JEL: | F14 H54 R41 |
| Date: | 2012–07–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:sunrpe:2012_0007&r=tur |
| By: | Olaf Merk; Markus Hesse |
| Abstract: | This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the Port of Hamburg, as well as an analysis of the port?s impact on its territory and an assessment of relevant policies and governance. It examines port performance in the last decade and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. In addition, the report studies the potential for synergies between the Hamburg and Bremerhaven ports. The study also considers the effect of these ports on economic and environmental questions. The value added of the port cluster of Hamburg is calculated, and its linkages with other economic sectors and regions in Germany are delineated. Specifically, the paper outlines the impact of the port?s operations, and shows how its activities spill over into other regions. The report also assesses major policies governing the port, as well as transport and economic development, the environment and spatial planning. These policies include measures instituted by the port authority and local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. Based on the report?s findings, proposed recommendations aim to improve port performance and increase the positive effects of the port on its territory. |
| JEL: | D57 L91 R11 R12 R15 R41 |
| Date: | 2012–06–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:govaab:2012/6-en&r=tur |