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on Tourism Economics |
| By: | Johan Fourie; Maria Santana-Gallego |
| Abstract: | While a mega-event is scheduled at least once every year somewhere in the world, these events are rare occurrences for the host cities and countries. The benefits of such events seem lucrative; the very fact that many countries bid to host these events suggests that the benefits - be they tangible or intangible - more often than not outweigh the costs. Using a standard gravity model of bilateral tourism flows between 200 countries from 1995 to 2006, this paper measures a very direct benefit of such mega-events: the increase in tourist arrivals to the host country. Although ex ante expectations are that tourism numbers would increase significantly during such an event, a growing literature points to the careful appraisal of possible tourist displacement, i.e. 'regular' tourists that change their behaviour when a mega-event is held, either shifting their trip to a different time or different location. This may result in reduced tourism gain, or even loss. In general, results suggest that mega-events promote tourism but the gain is dependent on the type of mega-event, the participating countries, the host country’s level of development, and whether the event is held during the peak- or off-season. |
| Keywords: | Mega-events, panel data, development, international tourism |
| JEL: | L83 F19 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:171&r=tur |
| By: | Bruno S. Frey; Lasse Steiner |
| Abstract: | The UNESCO World Heritage List contains the 900 most treasured Sites of humanity’s culture and landscapes. The World Heritage List is beneficial where heritage sites are undetected, disregarded by national decision-makers, not commercially exploitable, and where national financial resources, political control and technical knowledge for conservation are inadequate. Alternatives such as the market and reliance on national conservation list are more beneficial where the cultural and natural sites are already popular, markets work well, and where inclusion in the List does not raise the destruction potential by excessive tourism, and in times of war or by terrorists. |
| Keywords: | Global public good, world heritage, cultural certificates, monuments, UNESCO |
| JEL: | Z11 D6 F5 H87 |
| Date: | 2010–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zur:iewwpx:484&r=tur |
| By: | Alan Mallach |
| Abstract: | Reviews and assesses the existing literature on the potential economic impact of introducing casino gambling into a community or region, first by discussing the casinos? effect on economic activity and growth within a community or region, and then by exploring their effect on government revenues. Also discusses the literature related to the economic impact of social costs widely associated with gambling, such as increases in crime, bankruptcy, and problem gambling. |
| Keywords: | Gambling industry |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedpcd:10-01&r=tur |