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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Bunch, Davis S.; Chakraborty, Debapriya; Brownstone, David |
| Abstract: | To reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector, government programs and regulations are encouraging a transition from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), collectively referred to as plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). California has targets of having 5 million PEVs and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles on the road by 2030, and 100% of new vehicle sales being zero-emission by 2035. An increasing diversity of vehicle types, paired with a growing demand for PEVs, has major implications for vehicle miles traveled (VMT), air pollution, and emissions. To better understand what is likely to happen, researchers predict household vehicle preference and VMT by vehicle body and fuel type. This policy brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides policy implications. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vehicle Choice, Vehicle Miles Traveled, Joint Discrete Choice Model |
| Date: | 2024–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt42g2n4nz&r=tre |
| By: | Chatman, Daniel G. PhD; Barbour, Elisa PhD; Kerzhner, Tamara; Manville, Michael PhD; Reid, Carolina PhD |
| Abstract: | This report presents analytical review of empirical research on the interactions between housing availability and production, and travel behavior, accessibility, land use policies, and transportation policies. It identifies lessons from this review for California state legislative efforts to improve housing and transportation linkages, and to increase both transportation sustainability and housing affordability. Relevant California state efforts include legislation to influence parking standards; to require up-zoning near transit stations; to influence regional housing and transportation planning goals; and to change environmental review to focus on reducing vehicle miles traveled instead of accommodating road traffic. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Housing, travel behavior, accessibility, policy analysis, land use, incentives, regulation |
| Date: | 2023–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt03z7t8r1&r=tre |
| By: | Chinmay Maheshwari; Kshitij Kulkarni; Druv Pai; Jiarui Yang; Manxi Wu; Shankar Sastry |
| Abstract: | Congestion pricing, while adopted by many cities to alleviate traffic congestion, raises concerns about widening socioeconomic disparities due to its disproportionate impact on low-income travelers. In this study, we address this concern by proposing a new class of congestion pricing schemes that not only minimize congestion levels but also incorporate an equity objective to reduce cost disparities among travelers with different willingness-to-pay. Our analysis builds on a congestion game model with heterogeneous traveler populations. We present four pricing schemes that account for practical considerations, such as the ability to charge differentiated tolls to various traveler populations and the option to toll all or only a subset of edges in the network. We evaluate our pricing schemes in the calibrated freeway network of the San Francisco Bay Area. We demonstrate that the proposed congestion pricing schemes improve both efficiency (in terms of reduced average travel time) and equity (the disparities of travel costs experienced by different populations) compared to the current pricing scheme. Moreover, our pricing schemes also generate a total revenue comparable to the current pricing scheme. Our results further show that pricing schemes charging differentiated prices to traveler populations with varying willingness-to-pay lead to a more equitable distribution of travel costs compared to those that charge a homogeneous price to all. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.16844&r=tre |
| By: | Diwas Paudel; Tapas K. Das |
| Abstract: | Fast-charging hubs for electric vehicles will soon become part of the newly built infrastructure for transportation electrification across the world. These hubs are expected to host many DC fast-charging stations and will admit EVs only for charging. Like the gasoline refueling stations, fast-charging hubs in a neighborhood will dynamically vary their prices to compete for the same pool of EV owners. These hubs will interact with the electric power network by making purchase commitments for a significant part of their power needs in the day-ahead (DA) electricity market and meeting the difference from the real-time (RT) market. Hubs may have supplemental battery storage systems (BSS), which they will use for arbitrage. In this paper, we develop a two-step data-driven dynamic pricing methodology for hubs in price competition. We first obtain the DA commitment by solving a stochastic DA commitment model. Thereafter we obtain the hub pricing strategies by modeling the game as a competitive Markov decision process (CMDP) and solving it using a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) approach. We develop a numerical case study for a pricing game between two charging hubs. We solve the case study with our methodology by using combinations of two different DRL algorithms, DQN and SAC, and two different neural networks (NN) architectures, a feed-forward (FF) neural network, and a multi-head attention (MHA) neural network. We construct a measure of collusion (index) using the hub profits. A value of zero for this index indicates no collusion (perfect competition) and a value of one indicates full collusion (monopolistic behavior). Our results show that the collusion index varies approximately between 0.14 and 0.45 depending on the combinations of the algorithms and the architectures chosen by the hubs. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.15108&r=tre |
| By: | Centuriao, Daniel; Boldrine Abrita, Mateus; Rondina Neto, Angelo; Camilo, Ana Paula; Stradiotto Vignandi, Rafaella; Espíndola Junior, Guilherme; Weber, Vanessa; Marques, Nelagley; Franco Maciel, Ruberval |
| Abstract: | Using structural impact analysis, this research investigates the economic implications of road transport infrastructure investments on the Latin American Integration Route (LAIR) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil. We aim to determine whether these investments can drive short-term local economic growth, identify sectors that benefit the most from the investments, and analyze the distribution of effects among MS municipalities. Based on three comparative scenario simulations, the findings indicate that infrastructure investments are likely to yield positive short-term impacts on MS's GDP. The intensity of these impacts varies across industries and municipalities, with Campo Grande (state capital) being a key beneficiary. Compared to other types of investments, those in transport infrastructure have a lower dispersion capacity in space. The main contribution lies in utilizing the S-curve to model the financial progress of each investment project, as this information is frequently unavailable. Additionally, adopting the spatial Location Quotient (LQ) estimates the spatial distribution of investments impacts. Lastly, the guided simulation of investments is a methodology to enhance the efficacy of formulating and executing public investment policies, considering the spatial consequences of these investments. |
| Keywords: | Input-output, Structural Analysis, Public Investment, Transportation, Regional Fiscal Policy. |
| JEL: | R12 R15 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:120001&r=tre |
| By: | L. Samková (Department of Trade, Tourism and Languages, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia In České Budějovice) |
| Abstract: | This contribution aims to prepare theoretical background for a PhD thesis titled Integrated passenger transport management systems in the development of tourism. The aim of the paper is to explore the current knowledge in the field of the integrated passenger transport system (IPTS) in the context of the tourism development, identify the unanswered questions that require further research and assess some elements of the IPTS development potential. The areas of economic theory – consumer theory in transport, the management of the integrated transport system, and financial management, more specifically, investments in the integrated transport system – were chosen for elaborating the theoretical starting points. Integrated management of passenger transport in cooperation with all carriers and at least in a group of several municipalities, is a discussed intention of a number of municipalities. The integrated system has the potential to simplify transportation for passengers and also increase the volume of passenger transportation. High-quality transport service is one of the success factors of a tourism destination. Road passenger transport continues to expand as it offers fast transport at an affordable price. For this reason, the integrated transport system is also a frequently addressed topic, but it is not much explored in relation to tourism. An effective integrated passenger transport management system can contribute to the development of tourism in a given area and to the subsequent development of the area. In the South Bohemian Region, the integrated transport system is not fully functional, so there is a space for its innovation, and it provides research possibilities. This topic also shows publication and theoretical-research potential. |
| Keywords: | Integrated transport system (ITS), Consumer theory in transport, ITS management, Investments in ITS, Tourism development |
| JEL: | L91 O18 R40 R41 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boh:wpaper:03_2023&r=tre |
| By: | Frank Y. Huang; Po-Chun Huang |
| Abstract: | In densely populated urban areas, where interactions between pedestrians, vehicles, and motorcycles are frequent and complex, traffic safety is a critical concern. This paper evaluates the Neighborhood Traffic Environment Improvement Program in Taipei, which involved painting green pedestrian paths, adjusting no-parking red/yellow lines, and painting speed limit and stop/slow signs on lanes and alleys. Exploiting staggered rollout of policy implementation and administrative traffic accident data, we found that the program reduced daytime traffic accidents by 5 percent and injuries by 8 percent, while having no significant impact on nighttime incidents. The effectiveness of the program during the day is mainly attributed to the painted green sidewalks, with adequate sunlight playing a part in the program's success. Our findings indicate that cost-effective strategies like green pedestrian lanes can be effective in areas with dense populations and high motorcycle traffic, as they improve safety by encouraging pedestrians to use marked areas and deterring vehicles from these zones. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.16752&r=tre |
| By: | Phillips, Willard; Thorne, Elizabeth; Chong Ling, Esther |
| Abstract: | Vehicle traffic congestion produces significant economic costs in most cities and metropolitan regions of the world. It is also a significant source of green house gas emissions as well as other air pollutants which in turn contribute to major health risks. Traffic congestion also generates additional impacts including stress, fatigue and depression among commuters, and is possibly linked to increased antisocial behaviour and diminished road safety. The problem has become a major challenge among Caribbean small island developing states (SIDS), especially in the context of the subregion’s growing urbanization and increasing levels of motorization over the past three decades. And while several studies have been undertaken for other countries and regions around the world, the phenomenon has not benefitted from such inquiry in Caribbean countries. The present study seeks to contribute to remedying this deficiency by assessing the economic costs of vehicle traffic congestion in one Caribbean case country – Trinidad and Tobago. Towards this end, a survey was conducted to glean insights into commuters’ traffic congestion experience in terms of location and time delays, and collected data were used to estimate a Value of Lost Time as a measure of direct economic costs. The assessment suggests that vehicle traffic congestion imposes a direct economic burden of roughly 1.37% of annual GDP on Trinidad and Tobago. This measure represents a lower bound estimate of economic costs, given that it does not include other social and environmental costs typically associated with the phenomenon. This estimate is likey to have important public policy implications for the country, as it seeks to implement strategies for mitigating the problem in the future. |
| Date: | 2024–01–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col033:68801&r=tre |
| By: | Cohen, Adam MS; Shaheen, Susan PhD |
| Abstract: | Advanced air mobility (AAM) is a broad concept that enables consumers access to air mobility, goods delivery, and emergency services through an integrated and connected multimodal transportation network. AAM can provide short-range urban, suburban, and rural flights of about 50-miles and mid-range regional flights up to a several hundred miles. State law delegates responsibility for oversight in aviation primarily to the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). This white paper presents an overview of the state of the market, such as the aircraft under development and forecast market growth and discusses factors that could facilitate the development of AAM or pose risks to its deployment or to the public, including the safety and the regulatory environment, airspace and air traffic management, security, environmental impacts, weather, infrastructure and multimodal integration, workforce and economic development, social equity, and community engagement and social acceptance. It concludes by recommending actions that Caltrans and other state agencies can take to facilitate the development of AAM. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Air transportation, mobility, market assessment, risk analysis, airspace, multimodal transportation, regulation |
| Date: | 2024–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt0656t0dh&r=tre |
| By: | Sina Sahebi; Sahand Heshami; Mohammad Khojastehpour; Ali Rahimi; Mahyar Mollajani |
| Abstract: | Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is a technology that can reduce fuel consumption and air pollution in the automotive industry. However, its availability in Iran is low compared to industrialized countries. This study examines the acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) for ACC among Iranian drivers. Data from an online survey of 453 respondents were analyzed using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and an ordered logit model. The results show that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness affect attitudes toward using ACC, which in turn influence behavioral intentions. The logit model also shows that drivers who find ACC easy and useful, who have higher vehicle prices, and who are women with cruise control (CC) experience are more likely to pay for ACC. To increase the adoption of ACC in Iran, it is suggested to target early adopters, especially women and capitalists, who can influence others with their positive feedback. The benefits of ACC for traffic safety and environmental sustainability should also be emphasized. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.17329&r=tre |
| By: | Palm, Matthew |
| Abstract: | Night and evening shift workers play critical roles in the modern economy, yet the mobility implications of working at these times is understudied. Shift workers’ schedules are mis-aligned with the schedules of their families and most of society, complicating their contribution to household-serving travel and their participation in social activities. This study models the effects of working nights and evenings on household-serving and social trips, including social trips with other householders. I apply binary logistic and Poisson regression with block bootstrapping to a large household travel survey to test for effects. Night and evening shift workers are less likely to make a trip for recreation, visiting others, or eating out, on days that they work. People working evening shifts are also less likely to make a trip for community or religious purposes. Evening shift workers are also less likely to conduct household-serving trips on days that they work, and this effect is amplified for women with regards to errands and shopping. When people work impacts what activities they can participate in and whether they participate in some social activities with other householders. These impacts hold negative implications for the mental health and wellbeing of shift workers. |
| Date: | 2024–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ts8zf&r=tre |
| By: | Abdellah Echaoui (Faculté des sciences juridiques, économiques et sociales de Rabat Souissi); Chaimae Rachid (FSJES-Souissi, UM5 - Faculty of Law, Economic and Social Sciences of Souissi, Mohammed V University of Rabat) |
| Abstract: | This article provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of the global pandemic on the passenger rail sector in Morocco, highlighting the measures and initiatives put in place to ensure passenger safety and confidence. The study examines the impact of the national measures on the Moroccan economy and the various modes of transport, including rail transport. In addition, the article explores strategies deployed to reassure travelers, including health protocols to curb the spread of the virus. The final objective is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the health crisis situation on passenger rail in Morocco. To address this issue, a quantitative questionnaire study was conducted with 246 participants. This study helps us better understand the real impact of the pandemic, in particular on the behavior of travelers, and the measures taken by the ONCF to deal with this unprecedented situation. The results highlight the mixed impact of the health crisis on the ONCF. On the one hand, security concerns have led to a decrease in travel demand, and anti-virus measures have impacted the traveler experience. Nonetheless, the pandemic has also acted as a catalyst for the ONCF's digital transition, leading to notable improvements in online safety and accessibility. These developments underscore the need for the ONCF to continue to innovate and adapt to new realities in order to respond effectively to the changing expectations of travelers. |
| Abstract: | Cet article propose une analyse approfondie de l'impact de la pandémie mondiale sur le secteur du transport ferroviaire des voyageurs au Maroc, en mettant en lumière les mesures et initiatives mises en place pour garantir la sécurité et la confiance des voyageurs. Il examine les répercussions des mesures prises à l'échelle nationale sur l'économie marocaine et les différents modes de transport, notamment le transport ferroviaire. De plus, l'article explore les stratégies déployées pour rassurer les voyageurs, notamment les protocoles sanitaires pour freiner la propagation du virus. L'objectif final est de fournir une analyse complète de la situation de la crise sanitaire sur le transport ferroviaire des voyageurs au Maroc. Pour répondre à cette problématique, une étude quantitative sous forme de questionnaire a été menée auprès de 246 participants. Cette étude permet de mieux comprendre l'impact réel de la pandémie notamment sur le comportement des voyageurs ainsi que les mesures prises par l'ONCF pour faire face à cette situation inédite. Les résultats mettent en évidence les répercussions mitigées de la crise sanitaire sur l'ONCF. D'une part, des préoccupations liées à la sécurité ont engendré une diminution de la demande de voyages, et les mesures anti-virus ont impacté l'expérience des voyageurs. Néanmoins, la pandémie a également agi comme un catalyseur pour la transition numérique de l'ONCF, entraînant des améliorations notables en matière de sécurité et d'accessibilité en ligne. Ces évolutions soulignent la nécessité pour l'ONCF de continuer à innover et à s'adapter aux nouvelles réalités pour répondre efficacement aux attentes changeantes des voyageurs. |
| Keywords: | Health crisis, Rail transportation, Passengers, Pandemic, Preventive measures, Health protocols, Crisis management, Crise sanitaire, Transport ferroviaire, Voyageurs, Pandémie, Mesures préventives, Protocoles sanitaires, Gestion de la crise |
| Date: | 2024–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04420407&r=tre |
| By: | Barbour, Elisa; Jin, Janet; Goldsmith, Emma; Grover, Salvador; Martinez, Jacqueline; Handy, Susan |
| Abstract: | California has ambitious climate policy goals, while also facing an acute housing affordability crisis. Transit-oriented development—higher-density residential or mixed-use development centered around high-quality transit stations—has emerged as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gases while increasing housing supply. However, transit-oriented development is more complex and expensive to build than development in low-density, undeveloped areas. State and local governments have adopted numerous policies to encourage transit-oriented development, but little research has examined how various policies can be combined to produce on-the-ground success. Researchers at the University of California, Davis completed in-depth case studies of 11 California cities to understand their mix of strategies and how they have needed to reconcile sometimes competing policy goals in advancing transit-oriented development. This policy brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides policy implications. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, case studies, policy making, surveys, transit oriented development |
| Date: | 2024–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt46c2v36q&r=tre |