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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Ryan Alyamani; Dimitris Pappelis; Maria Kamargianni (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | This study aims to contribute to the literature by shedding light on consumers’ acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs) in Riyadh and their potential response to adoption incentives. A stated preference experiment (SPE) was developed and then incorporated into an online stated preference survey targeting adult residents of Riyadh to collect 703 responses. Accordingly, a mixed logit model was constructed, complemented by other survey insights to derive the final findings of this paper. |
| Keywords: | Agent based modeling, Electric Vehicles, Autometrics |
| Date: | 2023–10–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2023-dp20&r=tre |
| By: | Laetitia Tuffery; Soukaina Anougmar; Basak Bayramoglu; Carmen Cantuarias; Maia David |
| Abstract: | Cities concentrate almost 60% of the world's population. Worldwide, urban populations are highly vulnerable to climate change. Urban green spaces and related ecosystem services help increase inhabitants’ quality of life and well-being and mitigate the impacts of climate change. However, in terms of urban planning, green spaces can raise a dilemma by reducing the space available for vehicle traffic and parking. In this paper, we focus on green spaces around the tram network in the Lyon metropolitan area, France, to assess the social demand for the greening of the urban transport infrastructure, using a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE). The survey was conducted in 2022 with 500 inhabitants. Our results show that respondents are in favor of urban greening due to its capacity to reduce air temperature and increase biodiversity. However, they are, on average, against a high reduction of the available space for traffic and parking, because of urban greening development. Outcomes also demonstrate a high heterogeneity in inhabitants’ preferences partly driven by their sensitivity and commitment to the environment. |
| Keywords: | Choice experiment; Transport infrastructure; urban greening; Urban traffic |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_67&r=tre |
| By: | Florent Laroche (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Paris-Lyon is the busiest High-Speed Line in Europe and has been open to open access competition since 18 December 2021. The purpose of this article is to explore the first effects on the price and frequency of competition between the Italian company Trenitalia and the French incumbent SNCF. The analysis is based on a large database (n = 971) collected from September 2019 to July 2022. The main challenge is to isolate the COVID-19 pandemic effect from the competition. A similar route without competition (Paris-Bordeaux) was selected to control the effects. The method relies on a descriptive analysis with an original dynamic timetable approach in the discussion. The results highlight an increase of frequency by 5% and a decrease in price by 10%. The prices charged by the newcomer are lower than those of the incumbent (-30% to -40%) though without enough volume to change the global equilibrium. Although far from a big bang, the comparison with the control route suggests a positive effect on price that moderates the economic catch-up effect following the COVID-19 pandemic in an inflationary context. More specifically, SNCF appears relatively insensitive to competitive pressure from Trenitalia. It has not significantly changed its price since the new offer was introduced and has maintained its trains. |
| Keywords: | Open-access competition, price, frequency, France, regulation, railroads, Working Papers du LAET |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03770508&r=tre |
| By: | Laurent Guihéry (MATRiS - Mobilité, Aménagement, Transports, Risques et Société - Cerema - Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - CY - CY Cergy Paris Université, CY - CY Cergy Paris Université) |
| Abstract: | In its 2011 white paper, European transport policy recommends strengthening the dynamics of competition in passenger rail transport in the E.U. Since December 18, 2021, Trenitalia has been serving Lyon and Paris in open access as an extension of the Milan - Turin - Lyon - Paris line. For the moment, the offer concerns three round trips per day between Milan and Paris (five beginning of June). Offices and ticket vending machines have been installed in the Lyon and Paris stations. This is a revolution in France, a country that is one of the last in Europe to implement, slowly and cautiously, the recommendations of the European Union. Our paper will focus on the start-up of this service by attempting to evaluate the first six months of operation. |
| Keywords: | European Transport Policy, Railway Transport, Open access, SNCF, Trenitalia, Competition |
| Date: | 2022–06–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04086144&r=tre |
| By: | Robert J.R. Elliott; Gavin Harper; Benjamin Jones; Viet Nguyen-Tien |
| Abstract: | Rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is changing the geopolitical landscape, as the world pivots away from fossil fuels towards the green minerals critical to the EV supply chain. Benjamin Jones, Viet Nguyen-Tien, Robert Elliott and Gavin Harper explain how the race to secure the supply of raw materials needed for EV batteries is creating new opportunities and geopolitical risks. |
| Keywords: | technological change, green growth, electric vehicles, global value chains, resource mobilisation, critical materials |
| Date: | 2023–10–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepcnp:664&r=tre |
| By: | Thomas Hagedorn (Institute of Transport Economics, Muenster); Till Kösters (Institute of Transport Economics, Muenster); Jan Wessel (Institute of Transport Economics, Muenster); Sebastian Specht (Institute of Transport Economics, Muenster) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the relationship between fuel prices and driving speeds on the German Autobahn. The speed price elasticities are higher on sections without a speed limit (-0.047) than on those with a limit (-0.033), thus underlining the distortionary effect of speed limits on previously estimated elasticities. We also find higher elasticities when drivers are alone on the road, for high prices, and slower drivers. Based on the undistorted speed price elasticities, we estimate the short-run fuel demand elasticity and the revealed value of time (20.71 Euro/h; 83% of gross wage), hence providing valuable input for policymakers and infrastructure planning. |
| Keywords: | fuel prices, speed price elasticity, no speed limit, short-run fuel demand elasticity, value of time, German Autobahn |
| JEL: | R41 R48 Q41 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mut:wpaper:39&r=tre |
| By: | Chabel Saâdia (École Supérieure de Technologie Guelmim Université Ibn Zohr Equipe de Recherche en Techniques Economiques et de Gestion (ERTEG)) |
| Abstract: | The rapid evolution of logistics has significantly spurred improvements in freight transportation systems through various logistical modes. Throughout the shipping process, the responsibility for cargo lies entirely with the multimodal transport entrepreneur, thus ensuring a continuous flow of goods from the point of origin to their final destination. The actors capable of assuming this role of multimodal transport entrepreneur are diverse, ranging from shippers to logisticians, shipowners to NVOCCs (Non-Vessel Operating Common Carriers), and freight forwarders to handlers. Our focus is on maritime shipowners as major players in door-to-door transport organizations. Their role holds particular significance due to the substantial volume of cargo they manage, offering considerable potential to address volume shortages observed in the road and rail transport sectors. We employ concepts from transaction cost theory to shed light on the essential determinants of performance in multimodal transport logistics chains led by maritime shipowners. This theoretical approach enables us to highlight the critical factors influencing the efficiency and performance of this complex chain. Each hypothesis derived from this theory is rigorously assessed through empirical observations conducted in an in-depth qualitative study. This analytical approach will enhance our understanding of the intricate interactions, success factors, and challenges maritime shipowners face as key actors in multimodal transport. Furthermore, it will help us discern how these actors can significantly improve transport logistics chains. |
| Abstract: | L'évolution rapide de la logistique a considérablement stimulé les améliorations des systèmes de transport de marchandises via divers modes logistiques. Tout au long du processus d'acheminement, la responsabilité du chargement repose entièrement sur l'entrepreneur de transport multimodal, garantissant ainsi un flux continu des marchandises du point de départ à leur destination finale. Les acteurs pouvant assumer ce rôle d'entrepreneur de transport multimodal sont variés, allant des chargeurs aux logisticiens, des armateurs aux NVOCC (Non- Vessel Operating Common Carrier), des transitaires aux manutentionnaires. Notre focalisation se concentre sur les armateurs maritimes, en tant qu'acteurs majeurs de l'organisation du transport porte à porte. Leur rôle revêt une importance particulière du fait du volume substantiel de fret qu'ils gèrent, offrant ainsi un potentiel considérable pour pallier les déficits de volume constatés dans les secteurs du transport routier et ferroviaire. Pour éclairer les déterminants essentiels de la performance des chaînes logistiques de transport multimodal, dirigées par les armateurs maritimes, nous mobilisons les concepts de la théorie des coûts de transaction. Cette approche théorique nous permet de mettre en lumière les facteurs cruciaux qui influencent l'efficacité et la performance de cette chaîne complexe. Chaque proposition découlant de cette théorie est rigoureusement évaluée au moyen d'observations empiriques, menées dans le cadre d'une étude qualitative approfondie. Cette démarche analytique nous permettra de mieux comprendre les interactions complexes, les clés du succès, ainsi que les défis auxquels font face les armateurs maritimes en tant qu'acteurs clés du transport multimodal. En outre, elle nous permettra de discerner comment ces acteurs peuvent contribuer de manière significative à l'amélioration globale des chaînes logistiques de transport. |
| Keywords: | Transport logistics chain, transaction attributes, temporal specificity, uncertainty, modes of governance, Chaîne logistique de transport , attributs de transaction , spécificité temporelle , incertitude , modes de gouvernance, African Scientific Journal, Chaîne logistique de transport, attributs de transaction, spécificité temporelle, incertitude, modes de gouvernance. |
| Date: | 2023–09–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04243078&r=tre |
| By: | Christian Krekel; George MacKerron |
| Abstract: | Following early economist Francis Y. Edgeworth's proposal to measure people's hedonic experiences as they go about their daily lives, we use a smartphone app that over eight years randomly asked a panel of 30, 936 UK residents (N = 2, 235, 733) about their momentary feelings and activities to estimate the value of time (VOT), a key input into cost-benefit analyses. Exploiting the randomised timing of surveys for identification, we arrive at a VOT of #12.2 ($15.3) per hour of waiting, #8.4 ($10.5) per hour of commuting, and #17.2 ($21.5) per hour of waiting during commuting (e.g. due to congestion). This resembles estimates from studies using revealed preferences, suggesting that using hedonic experiences leads to similar results as observed behaviour. Our unique data and method also allow us to estimate the VOT for 40 other daily activities as well as their interactions. We are the first to value time (or indeed anything) using hedonic experiences in real-time, which has the potential to value other intangibles too. |
| Keywords: | value of time, time savings, experience-sampling, experiential valuation, cost-benefit analysis, waiting, commuting, Wellbeing |
| Date: | 2023–07–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1932&r=tre |
| By: | Cevat Giray Aksoy; Jose Maria Barrero; Nicholas Bloom; Steven J. Davis; Mathias Dolls; Pablo Zarate |
| Abstract: | We quantify the commute time savings associated with work from home, drawing on data for 27 countries. The average daily time savings when working from home is 72 minutes in our sample. We estimate that work from home saved about two hours per week per worker in 2021 and 2022, and that it will save about one hour per week per worker after the pandemic ends. Workers allocate 40 percent of their time savings to their jobs and about 11 percent to caregiving activities. People living with children allocate more of their time savings to caregiving. |
| Keywords: | time savings, work from home, data, pandemic, caregiving |
| Date: | 2023–05–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:poidwp:071&r=tre |
| By: | Sun, He; Cabras, Stefano |
| Abstract: | In In burgeoning urban landscapes, the proliferation of the populace necessitates swift and accurate urban transit solutions to cater to the citizens' commuting requirements. A pivotal aspect of fostering optimized traffic management and ensuring resilient responses to unanticipated passenger surges is precisely forecasting hourly occupancy levels within urban subway systems. This study embarks on delineating a two-tiered model designed to address this imperative adeptly: 1. Preliminary Phase - Employing a Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN): In the initial phase, a Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) is employed to gauge the occupancy levels across various subway stations. The FFNN, a class of artificial neural networks, is well-suited for this task because it can learn from the data and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to perform the task. Through a series of interconnected nodes, known as neurons, arranged in layers, the FFNN processes the input data, adjusts its weights based on the error of its predictions, and optimizes the network for accurate forecasting. For the random process of occupation levels in time and space, this phase encapsulates the so-called process filtration, wherein the underlying patterns and dynamics of subway occupancy are captured and represented in a structured format, ready for subsequent analysis. The estimates garnered from this phase are pivotal and form the foundation for the subsequent modelling stage. 2. Subsequent Phase - Implementing a Bayesian Proportional-Odds Model with Hourly Random Effects: With the estimates from the FFNN at disposal, the study transitions to the subsequent phase wherein a Bayesian Proportional-Odds Model is utilized. This model is particularly adept for scenarios where the response variable is ordinal, as in the case of occupancy levels (Low, Medium, High). The Bayesian framework, underpinned by the principles of probability, facilitates the incorporation of prior probabilities on model parameters and updates this knowledge with observed data to make informed predictions. The unique feature of this model is the incorporation of a random effect for hours, which acknowledges the inherent variability across different hours of the day. This is paramount in urban transit systems where passenger influx varies significantly with the hour. The synergy of these two models facilitates calibrated estimations of occupancy levels, both conditionally (relative to the sample) and unconditionally (on a detached test set). This dual-phase methodology furnishes analysts with a robust and reliable insight into the quality of predictions propounded by this model. This, in turn, avails a data-driven foundation for making informed decisions in real-time traffic management, emergency response planning, and overall operational optimization of urban subway systems. The model expounded in this study is presently under scrutiny for potential deployment by the Beijing Metro Group Ltd. This initiative reflects a practical stride towards embracing sophisticated analytical models to ameliorate urban transit management, thereby contributing to the broader objective of fostering sustainable and efficient urban living environments amidst the surging urban populace. |
| Keywords: | Bayesian Model Calibration; Deep Learning; Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation; Proportional Odds Model; Spatial-Temporal Modelling |
| Date: | 2023–11–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:wsrepe:38783&r=tre |