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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Li, Qiumeng; Fuerst, Franz; Luca, Davide |
| Abstract: | Under the threat of climate change, many global cities nowadays are promoting shared commuting modes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Shared electric bikes (e-bikes) are emerging modes that compete with bikes, cars, or public transit. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence for the net effect of shared e-bikes on carbon emissions, as shared e-bikes can substitute for both higher carbon emissions modes and cleaner commuting modes. Using a large collection of spatio-temporal trajectory data of shared e-bike trips in two provincial cities (Chengdu and Kunming) in China, this study develops a travel mode substitution model to identify the changes in travel modes due to the introduction of shared e-bike systems and to quantify the corresponding impact on net carbon emissions. We find that, on average, shared e-bikes decrease carbon emissions by 108–120 g per kilometre. More interestingly, the reduction effect is much stronger in underdeveloped non-central areas with lower density, less diversified land use, lower accessibility, and lower economic level. Although the actual carbon reduction benefits of shared e-bike schemes are far from clear, this study bears important policy implications for exploring this emerging micro-mobility mode to achieve carbon reduction impacts. |
| Keywords: | carbon emissions; E-bikes; micro-mobility; sharing economy; substitution effects; yrban context |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2023–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:120310&r=tre |
| By: | Rostislav, Ksenia (Ростислав, Ксения) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Evdokimov, Dmitry (Евдокимов, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The main theoretical and empirical approaches to modeling the interaction between socioeconomic indicators and anthropogenic load on the environment are considered. The most common approaches to measuring the environmental load on territories and population are environmental models IPAT, STIRPAT, modeling the impact of socio-economic characteristics on the environment. Extension of the models also allows taking into account the characteristics of the transportation industry and modeling their impact on the volume of emissions from road transport. According to economic studies, road infrastructure development has a dual impact on the environment. While better infrastructure can help reduce emissions from road transport, it also stimulates economic activity and travel demand, which increases emissions. The emission reduction effect of road network development is more likely to be observed in regions where infrastructure saturation exceeds the level needed to meet current, including latent, travel demand. Thus, the development of road transport infrastructure at a pace that outpaces the economic development of the region can contribute to reducing the environmental burden. In addition, approaches to analyzing causal relationships between variables and assessing the overall, direct and indirect effects of factors on ecology are discussed: structural modeling and path analysis based on the structure of a simple directed graph. |
| Keywords: | environmental load measurement, modeling of the impact of emissions, environmental models, effects of transport development |
| Date: | 2023–10–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220268&r=tre |
| By: | Burke, Andrew; Zhao, Jingyuan; Miller, Marshall; Fulton, Lewis |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2023–10–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt7437p058&r=tre |
| By: | Rostislav, Kirill (Ростислав, Кирилл) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Rusakov, Dmitry (Русаков, Дмитрий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Saprykin, Matvey (Сапрыкин, Матвей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper presents a brief review of some aspects of existing theoretical and empirical research on transportation and transport networks development problems. Despite the fact that in general this direction is well developed in the research literature, in practice some issues require more detailed consideration, in particular, approaches to modeling the transportation of various goods over a multilayer network, representation of transportation and other costs, setting the criteria of optimality of network development. In addition, this paper considers cost functions and variables determining them, the influence of borders on the transport system, optimal routing and its paradoxes. |
| Keywords: | Spatial Models, Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion, Travel Time, Safety and Accidents |
| JEL: | C31 R41 |
| Date: | 2023–10–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220269&r=tre |
| By: | Jiewei Li; Ling Jin; Han Deng; Lin Yang |
| Abstract: | This review identifies challenges and effective strategies to decarbonize China's rapidly growing transportation sector, currently the third largest carbon emitter, considering China's commitment to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Key challenges include rising travel demand, unreached peak car ownership, declining bus ridership, gaps between energy technology research and practical application, and limited institutional capacity for decarbonization. This review categorizes current decarbonization measures, strategies, and policies in China's transportation sector using the "Avoid, Shift, Improve" framework, complemented by a novel strategic vector of "Institutional Capacity & Technology Development" to capture broader development perspectives. This comprehensive analysis aims to facilitate informed decision-making and promote collaborative strategies for China's transition to a sustainable transportation future. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2310.00613&r=tre |
| By: | Rafael Bernardo Carmona Benitez (Universidad Anahuac Mexico (Mexico)); Maria (Universidad Anahuac Mexico (Mexico)) |
| Abstract: | A methodology to estimate the unmet demand is developed using machine learning algorithms. The unmet demand in an origin-destination airports pair (OD pair) is the unattended number of passengers that could not flight because of economic conditions of supply and demand. The forecast of the unmet demand is important for strategic decisions of new planning such as opening new routes, increasing/decreasing number of services, and aircraft choice. The first contribution of this paper is to develop a single-class methodology to unconstraint or detruncate pax demand to estimate the market size of an OD pair. This methodology mixes time-series methods with the bootstrap distribution function and machine learning algorithms. This methodology considers socioeconomic variables at community zone and airport levels to forecast the market size of an OD pair. The second contribution of this paper is to design a methodology that estimates the unmet demand of an OD pair. The advantage is its ability to simulate the unmet demand based on statistical analysis with a confidence level of (1-α)%. The calculations are evaluated by describing the distribution of the market size historical data because distribution functions give the possibility to calculate pax demand without knowing the parameters that have an influence on it. Finally, the third contribution of this paper is to develop an approach to identify new airline OD pairs which could be considered as potential airline markets based in the calculation of the OD pair unmet demand. The proposed methodology is applied to the US air pax industry as case study. The results indicate that hubs airports are under extreme competition. Small and primary airports located in big cities are not under competition in some quarters of year meaning that socioeconomic factors among airports change according with the seasonality of year. |
| Keywords: | transporte aereo, pasajeros insatisfechos, air travel, passenger complains |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amj:wpaper:23003&r=tre |
| By: | Miroslav Svoboda (IREF Fellow and Anglo-American University, Prague, Czech Republic); Michael Fanta (Jan Evangelista PurkynÄ› University, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic); Jan Mosovsky (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic) |
| Abstract: | This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of car scrappage schemes implemented in the European Union (EU) during the economic crisis of 2009. The study uses a synthetic control variable and a difference-in-differences method to evaluate these policies. Using monthly data on new passenger car registrations in European countries, the study examines the impact of the schemes. The results show that the impact of scrappage schemes varies across countries, with statistically significant effects observed in Germany and Slovakia, followed by Greece and Italy, albeit limited in some aspects. The results of the study underline the need for careful policy design and show that the effectiveness of car scrappage schemes goes beyond the level of premiums or budget allocations. It is also influenced by other elements such as the duration of the scheme, the overarching policy environment and the novelty of the implementation strategies. |
| Keywords: | car scrappage schemes, synthetic control method, difference-in-differences |
| JEL: | H23 C21 R48 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2023_28&r=tre |
| By: | Gómez-Lobo, Andrés; Sánchez González, Santiago; González Mejia, Vileydy; Calatayud, Agustina |
| Abstract: | In this paper we explore the possible impact of urban congestion on agglomeration economies for a cross-section set of cities in Latin America. We use travel time data from Tom Tom to estimate wage regressions equations controlling for city size and congestion. We use population in each city in the 19th and early 20th century as instruments for current city size (measures by population). In our baseline estimates, we find an elasticity of wages to city size of 0.05, very similar to previous research in the region. When congestion is included in the estimation, we find that agglomeration economies are reduced. This holds even after using rain-days and average yearly as an instrument for congestion. Our results imply that congestion is a drag on economic productivity. This indirect cost of congestion is considerably larger economically than the direct cost measured as the loss of valuable time for citizens. |
| Keywords: | automovil;aglomeración;congestión;economic productivity;agglomeration economies |
| JEL: | R41 R48 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:11952&r=tre |