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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Oswald, David; Hao, Peng; Williams, Nigel; Barth, Matthew |
| Abstract: | As part of the City of Riverside’s Smart-City initiative, UC Riverside researchers have developed an Innovation Corridor testbed for enabling shared electric connected and automated transportation research. This Innovation Corridor testbed is located in Riverside California, and consists of a six-mile section of University Avenue between the UC Riverside campus and downtown Riverside. The testbed supports various transportation modes including passenger vehicles, trucks, transit (e.g., RTA buses), bicycles, and various forms of micro-mobility. This corridor is continuously being instrumented with various infrastructure equipment to support research in shared electric connected and automated transportation. Specifically for this project, the corridor has been equipped with roadside communications equipment and advanced traffic signal controllers at several key intersections, to help improve safety, mobility and environmental sustainability. With this initial instrumentation, we have then conducted connected vehicle experimentation that utilize the signal phase and timing (SPaT) data from these intersections to smooth traffic flow and reduce emissions. For this Innovation Corridor, a high-fidelity simulation environment was also developed to evaluate potential connected vehicle strategies. A variety of Eco-Approach and Departure (EAD) connected vehicle experiments have been conducted and evaluated, both in simulation and in the real-world. As part of the simulation ecosystem, we have compared the energy and emissions modeling results to see which best matches the real-world measurements. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Connected and automated vehicles, traffic modeling, eco-approach and departure |
| Date: | 2021–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt99q6w075&r= |
| By: | Borzykh Ksenia (RANEPA); Ponomarev Yuri (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy) |
| Abstract: | The transportation industry is not only a key sector of the economy, but also its indispensable glue. The development of transport infrastructure is a major factor of economic growth and a key driver of exit from the economic crisis. In the past few years, the transportation industry demonstrated upturn dynamic both in terms of the development of infrastructure and the volumes of transportation. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and the relevant restrictions aimed at fighting the spread thereof led to substantial changes in the supply and demand situation on numerous markets, not only affecting directly freight and passenger traffic, but also making a sizable portion of the population revise their views on the need and required parameters of the infrastructure (not only transport infrastructure, but also social-information and communication ones). |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, transportation industry, foreign trade, customs regulation |
| JEL: | L91 L92 L93 L99 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:ppaper:ppaper-2021-1136&r= |
| By: | Kaitila, Ville |
| Abstract: | Abstract We assess the development of greenhouse gas emissions from households’ own transport, mainly motoring, up until 2050. The share of electric cars in new registrations has recently started to increase markedly, so the outlook in this respect has clearly changed from a couple of years ago. We make three scenarios for the development of the average emissions of newly registered passenger cars, use historical development in setting the future scrapping rate and average age of the car fleet, and take into account the increase in the obligation to mix biofuels in the 2020s. According to the scenarios, the development of greenhouse gas emissions caused by households’ own transport will support the achievement of Finland’s national carbon neutrality target relatively well providing current development continues. In the baseline scenario, emissions will decrease by a total of 45 per cent between 2008 and 2030. The rate of decline is accelerating all the time as the emissions of newly registered cars decrease and the old car fleet with clearly higher emissions is scrapped. However, the development should be supported by ensuring adequate construction of households’ own and public electric-vehicle-charging infrastructure. In addition, household choices could be influenced, for example, by steepening the CO2 progression of car and vehicle taxes, which would increase household incentives to switch to lower-emission cars. At a minimum, at least inflation adjustments must also be made in the taxation of car ownership and use. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions, Passenger cars, Transportation |
| JEL: | D12 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–09–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:briefs:99&r= |
| By: | Jaller, Miguel; Pahwa, Anmol; Zhang, Michael |
| Abstract: | Freight is fundamental to economic growth, however, the trucks that haul this freight are pollution intensive, emitting criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases at high rates. The increasing volume and time-sensitivity of freight demand over the past decade has encouraged carriers to take the fastest route, which is often not an eco-friendly route. The increase in urban freight movement has thus brought along negative externalities such as congestion, emissions, and noise into cities. Alternative fuel technologies, such as electric trucks and hydrogen-fuel trucks can significantly reduce freight-related emissions. However, despite their lower operational costs, the high purchase cost and consequent longer payback periods compared to traditional vehicles, have resulted in slow adoption rates. Since the need to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and local criteria pollutants is immediate, accounting for externalities in carriers’ tactical and operational decision-making in the form of eco-routing can bring about desired reductions in emissions. The objectives of this work are to explore the possibilities and potential of eco-routing from the perspective of the carrier, in terms of cost-benefits and trade-offs, and from the perspective of the regulator, in terms of network-wide effects and policy initiatives that could encourage carriers to eco-route. This study evaluates reduction in global greenhouse emissions and local criteria pollutants, with a particular focus on direct impacts on disadvantaged communities in the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) region. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Eco-routing, multi-criteria traffic assignment, origin-based traffic assignment, TAPAS, geofencing |
| Date: | 2021–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9qg2318x&r= |
| By: | A. Kerem Cosar; Banu Demir Pakel; Devaki Ghose; Nathaniel Young |
| Abstract: | What is the impact on intra-national trade and regional economic outcomes when the quality and lane-capacity of an existing paved road network is expanded significantly? We investigate this question for the case of Turkey, which undertook a large-scale public investment in roads during the 2000s. Using spatially disaggregated data on road upgrades and domestic transactions, we estimate a large positive impact of reduced travel times on trade as well as local manufacturing employment and wages. A quantitative exercise using a workhorse model of spatial equilibrium implies heterogeneous effects across locations, with aggregate real income gains reaching 2-3 percent in the long-run. Reductions in travel times increased local employment-to-population ratio but had no effect on local population. We extend the model by endogenizing the labor supply decision to capture this finding. The model-implied elasticity of employment rates to travel time reductions captures about one-third of the empirical elasticity. |
| Keywords: | trade, market access, transportation infrastructure |
| JEL: | F14 R11 R41 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9310&r= |
| By: | Hintermann, Beat (University of Basel); Schoeman, Beaumont (University of Basel); Molloy, Joseph; Schatzmann, Thomas; Tchervenkov, Christopher; Axhausen, Kay W. |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated government measures on individual mobility choices in Switzerland. Our data is based on over 1,000 people for which we observe all trips during eight weeks before the pandemic and again for up to 6 months after its onset. We find an overall reduction of travel distances by 60 percent, followed by a gradual recovery during the subsequent reopening of the economy. Whereas driving distances have almost completely recovered, public transport remains under-used. The introduction of a requirement to wear a mask in public transport had no measurable impact on ridership. We study the heterogeneity of the individual travel response to the pandemic and find that it varies along socio-economic dimensions such as education and household size, with mobility tool ownership, and with personal values and lifestyles. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19; mobility; tracking; causal forest; PPML |
| JEL: | H12 H40 I18 R41 R48 |
| Date: | 2021–09–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bsl:wpaper:2021/10&r= |
| By: | Jonas Eliasson (University of Linköping) |
| Abstract: | This paper asks whether transport policy assessments should use accessibility benefits as a key measure instead of user benefits. It argues that both measures are equivalent if accessibility measures are based on transport users’ own preferences and if the same principle is used to aggregate benefits. The paper also addresses how distributional questions can be addressed within this approach. |
| Date: | 2020–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:2020/21-en&r= |