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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Cheng Keat Tang (Nanyang Technological University); Jos van Ommeren (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the marginal accident externality of driving in Central London by exploiting variation in traffic flow induced by the London Congestion Charge Zone using an instrumental variable approach. The charge attributed to a 9.4% reduction in traffic flow, which resulted in a less than proportional 6.0% and 7.6% decrease in accidents and slight injuries, and a 6.5% increase in serious injuries/fatalities. Our preferred estimates indicate that the accident, slight injuries, and serious injuries/fatalities rate elasticities with respect to traffic flow are -0.36, -0.19 and -1.65 respectively. These estimates imply that the marginal external benefit of road safety from an additional kilometre driven is approximately £ 0.16. The marginal accident externality is positive, as the marginal driver along congested roads decreases the risk and severity of traffic collisions for other road users by slowing others down and increasing awareness. |
| Keywords: | Accidents, Injuries, Fatalities, Congestion Charge, Externalities |
| JEL: | H23 I18 R41 R48 |
| Date: | 2020–11–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20200080&r=all |
| By: | Phil Goodwin |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the main trends of car use and travel demand, as well as changes in policy responses and attitudes to managing the growth in urban traffic. It highlights the importance of orienting transport policies towards broader objectives beyond efficiency of congestion relief. Such a comprehensive set of objectives would include improvements in health, air quality, active travel activity, human well-being, as well as accessibility and fairness. |
| Date: | 2020–10–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:2020/27-en&r=all |
| By: | Corinne Mulley (University of Sydney); John Nelson (University of Sydney) |
| Abstract: | To be successful, Mobility as a Service (MaaS) will need a model that can accommodate public and private transport providers in a financially sustainable way. This paper discusses MaaS systems led by the government and by the market. How can different business models provide better mobility for citizens, while also delivering on other objectives? The paper considers different methods of financing public transport operators and alternative ways of supporting services with subsidies. It concludes with a discussion of the possible long-term impacts of Covid-19 and the disruptive potential of autonomous vehicles in public transport. |
| Date: | 2020–10–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:2020/17-en&r=all |
| By: | Burghard, Uta; Scherrer, Aline; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Globisch, Joachim |
| Abstract: | Plug In Electric Vehicles (PEVs) can contribute to the decarbonisation of the transport sector and to alleviate some of the negative local impacts of car driving. As current market shares for PEVs in Germany are still small, it is important to investigate the social acceptance of electric mobility, taking into account different actors in the innovation system. Therefore we draw a link between the social acceptance concept (socio-political, market and local acceptance) and the technological innovation systems (TIS) approach and conduct a literature review. The results show that the majority of studies deal with the demand side of electric mobility, focusing on market acceptance. For a transition towards an electric transport system a deeper systemic understanding of all actors is necessary. The paper shows where the potentials for further acceptance research on electric mobility lie and provides an approach, which can be developed further and transferred to similar technologies. |
| Keywords: | electric vehicles,social acceptance,technological innovation system,actors |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s122020&r=all |
| By: | Avdiu, Besart; Weichenrieder, Alfons J. |
| Abstract: | The paper compares provision of public infrastructure via public-private partnerships (PPPs) with provision under government management. Due to soft budget constraints of government management, PPPs exert more effort and therefore have a cost advantage in building infrastructure. At the same time, hard budget constraints for PPPs introduce a bankruptcy risk and bankruptcy costs. Consequently, if bankruptcy costs are high, PPPs may be less efficient than public management, although this does not result from PPPs' higher interest costs. |
| Keywords: | Public-Private Partnerships,Infrastructure,Financing Costs,Default |
| JEL: | H11 H54 G33 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewp:295&r=all |
| By: | Raju, Arun S.K.; Vu, Alexander |
| Abstract: | California has set aggressive vehicle electrification goals to achieve its greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets. The state is also integrating renewable energy into the electric grid under the Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS). Increasing electricity demand from electric vehicles, combined with increasing power generation from variable renewable energy sources like solar and wind, will require significantly increased electrical energy storage capabilities, such as batteries and pumped hydroelectric storage. Assessing long-term energy storage needs and deploying the necessary infrastructure will be critical for maintaining future grid reliability. Researchers at the University of California, Riverside analyzed several scenarios using the California Public Utilities Commission’s Resolve power system planning model to understand how vehicle electrification, renewable energy standards, and GHG reduction goals affect California’s mid- to long-term energy storage needs. This policy brief summarizes findings from that research. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Computer models, Demand, Electric vehicles, Energy storage systems, Fleet management, Greenhouse gases, Grids (Transmission lines), Range (Vehicles), Vehicle fleets |
| Date: | 2020–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9p3320fc&r=all |
| By: | Richard Martin Humphreys; Anca Dumitrescu; Ninan Oommen Biju; Yin Yin Lam |
| Keywords: | Transport - Ports and Waterways Transport - Transport Economics Policy & Planning International Economics and Trade - Customs and Trade International Economics and Trade - Trade Policy International Economics and Trade - Trade and Transport Health, Nutrition and Population - Disease Control & Prevention Health, Nutrition and Population - Public Health Promotion |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:34080&r=all |
| By: | Yves Crozet (Sciences Po Lyon) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the relationship between traditional public transport and innovative mobility solutions such as Mobility as a Service (MaaS). It looks at how MaaS could change the role of public transport authorities from providing transport services to facilitating mobility, and considers how their remit and capabilities should evolve to better promote seamless multimodal transport. |
| Date: | 2020–10–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:2020/16-en&r=all |
| By: | Tristan Smith (University College London) |
| Abstract: | The shipping sector will need to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions significantly over the coming decades in order to align them with the Paris Climate goals. How could this be achieved? What will it cost to bring down the sector’s emissions? Will these costs shift maritime trade flows? This paper offers answers to these questions and identifies areas for further investigation. |
| Date: | 2020–10–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:2020/18-en&r=all |
| By: | Nesrine Bouhamed (FSEG Sfax - Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion de Sfax - Université de Sfax - University of Sfax); Laurent Carnis (AME-DEST - Dynamiques Economiques et Sociales des Transports - UNIV GUSTAVE EIFFEL - Université Gustave Eiffel) |
| Abstract: | Understanding road safety issues is an essential step in proposing appropriate and relevant ways to improve road safety. In Tunisia, the balance sheet of road accidents shows a critical situation in terms of road safety when compared to other countries. The approach proposed in this article is to first describe the Tunisian context and highlight its geophysical, demographic, urban and socio-economic specificities. The contribution also proposes an inventory of mobility and road accidents and its characterization. The analysis of the situation provides a general perspective on the road safety system in Tunisia. Secondly, an empirical investigation among the institutional actors of road safety helps to put into perspective the results of the descriptive analysis and to establish an in-depth diagnosis of the dysfunctions of the public policy of road safety in Tunisia. This is a comprehensive qualitative approach. The analysis of the issues at stake, based on consensus and institutional divergences, leads to the establishment of possible courses of action to improve the situation. These concern both the field of structural, organisational and managerial reforms in favour of a better targeting of public road safety policies. |
| Abstract: | La compréhension des enjeux de sécurité routière est une étape indispensable pour proposer des pistes d'améliorations adaptées et pertinentes. En Tunisie, le bilan des accidents de la route laisse apparaître une situation critique en matière de sécurité routière, lorsqu'elle est comparée aux autres pays. La démarche proposée dans cet article est de s'attacher, en premier temps, à décrire le contexte tunisien et en souligner les spécificités géophysiques, démographiques, urbaines, socio-économiques. La contribution propose aussi un état des lieux de la mobilité et des accidents de la route et sa caractérisation. L'analyse de la situation permet de disposer d'une perspective générale dans laquelle s'inscrit le système de la sécurité routière en Tunisie. Dans un deuxième temps, une investigation empirique auprès des acteurs institutionnels de la sécurité routière aide à mettre en perspective les résultats de l'analyse descriptive et à établir un diagnostic approfondi des dysfonctionnements de la politique publique de sécurité routière en Tunisie. Il s'agit d'une approche qualitative compréhensive. L'analyse des enjeux, sur la base de consensus et de divergences institutionnels, conduit à établir des pistes d'actions possibles pour améliorer la situation. Celles-ci concernent à la fois le champ des réformes structurelles, organisationnelles, et managériales en faveur d'un meilleur ciblage des politiques publiques de sécurité routière. |
| Keywords: | road safety,institutions,consensus and divergences,public policies,Tunisia,sécurité routière,convergences et divergences,politiques publiques,Tunisie |
| Date: | 2020–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03002786&r=all |