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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Wright, Nicholas Anthony; Lee, La-troy |
| Abstract: | In the United States, about 28 lives are lost daily in motor vehicle accidents that involve an alcohol-impaired driver. The conventional wisdom is that these accidents can be prevented through the use of strict traffic laws that are robustly enforced, though no consensus exists on the causal impact of these laws in reducing motor vehicle-related fatalities. This paper exploits quasi-random variation in state-level driving and road safety restrictions to estimate the causal effect of select traffic laws on the number of fatal accidents and fatal accidents involving a drunk driver. In this paper, we employ the contiguous-border county-pair approach. This is causally identified from the discontinuities in policy treatments among homogeneous contiguous counties that are separated by a shared state border. This approach addresses the econometric issues created due to spatial heterogeneity that may have biased several studies in the literature. The analysis reveals that the laws related to accident prevention, such as having a good graduated licensing system, Pigovian beer taxes and primary seatbelt enforcement, are the most effective in reducing motor vehicle-related fatalities. Using these estimated coefficients, simple simulations suggest that policymakers have been utilizing existing traffic laws sub-optimally, saving only 17% of the lives lost to motor vehicle crashes. |
| Keywords: | traffic-fatalities, drunk-driving, traffic safety legislations |
| JEL: | I18 K10 R41 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:82730&r=tre |
| By: | Bergantino, Angela Stefania; Capurso, Mauro; Hess, Stephane |
| Abstract: | At the Regional level, accessibility is one of the key factors in airports' provision. An efficient public transport network can represent an alternative to maintaining costly and inefficient airports in the same catchment area, notwithstanding residents’ pressures to have a “local” airport. At the same time, airports can better exploit economies of scale aggregating demand. In this paper, we analyse residents' decisions regarding airport access mode in the Apulia region, in Italy, which is characterised by the presence of a system of “local” airports, of which two not fully operating. Both revealed and stated preferences data are collected and are used to estimate probabilistic models (multinomial, nested logit, and mixed logit) in order to calculate the relevant elasticities of dedicated public transit services. Moreover, we measure the effectiveness of specific policies/actions aimed at generating a modal shift from private modes (car and taxi) to public transport, rationalising mobility towards the existing airports. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sit:wpaper:17_4&r=tre |
| By: | FARUK DAYI (KASTAMONU UNIVERSITY); YUSUF ESMER (SINOP UNIVERSITY) |
| Abstract: | Airline passenger transport draws attention as a rapidly growing sector in the passenger transportation. In our country (in Turkey), the first in 1933, Turkish Airlines Corporation (THY) was established and today it is seen that the activity of the 10 companies in sector of airlines in Turkey. According to the results of Skytrax passenger evaluation, Turkish Airlines is award for 6 years (2011-2016) as the best airline in Europe seems worthy. In fact, the main reason behind this success can be the presence of a strong financial structure. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to evaluate the success of THY. For this reason, airline companies, which are operating a leading position in Europe, and THY is needed comparison of the results. In our study, datas that seven airline companies operating in Europe are used their financial statements including 2011-2016 periods. According to the results of analysis, Air Berlin Group and Thomas Cook Group have the highest loss in implementation. In addition, It is seen that Lufthansa and Turkish Airlines have the successful performance. |
| Keywords: | Civil Aviation Management, Financial Performance, Ratio Analysis |
| JEL: | R40 L25 G10 |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:5808033&r=tre |
| By: | Gibbons, Stephen; Lyytikainen, Teemu; Overman, Henry G.; Sanchis-Guarner, Rosa |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the impact of new road infrastructure on employment and labour productivity using plant level longitudinal data for Britain. Exposure to transport improvements is measured through changes in accessibility, calculated at a detailed geographical scale from changes in minimum journey times along the road network. These changes are induced by the construction of new road link schemes. We deal with the potential endogeneity of scheme location by identifying the effects of changes in accessibility from variation across small-scale geographical areas close to the scheme. We find substantial positive effects on area level employment and number of plants. In contrast, for existing firms we find negative effects on employment coupled with increases in output per worker and wages. A plausible interpretation is that new transport infrastructure attracts transport intensive firms to an area, but with some cost to employment in existing businesses. |
| Keywords: | productivity; employment; accessibility; transport |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:83637&r=tre |
| By: | Sakhanova, Mariia; Zyatchin, Andrey V. |
| Abstract: | Nowadays Russian railways make centralized decision about month loading plan for regional railroads in terms of cargo types, destination, types of rolling-stock subject to customersÙ orders. To implement centralized plan for a month regional railroads make local decision about daily loading. Such a plan should meet conditions of different nature: customersÙ needs, technological and season terms, and others. However, such a policy could lead to non-uniform delivery to a seaport. As a result it brings penalties if capacity of the port is not enough to elaborate cargo delivered. This research introduces improvements for centralized freight railroad transportation planning methods in the direction of port terminals. Theoretical result of the research is a method, based on a linear programming model. The method allows constructing such loading plan for railroad shipment to a seaport as to minimize penalties for cargo, which exceeds daily capacity of the seaport. Practical result corresponds to implementation of the method in the case of Russian railways. |
| Keywords: | supply chain management, operations management, Russia, railways, centralized plan, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sps:cpaper:8703&r=tre |
| By: | Wiker, Dagmara |
| Abstract: | The event became a catalyst for the execution of more than two hundred projects for an amount of ca. PLN 100 billion. This paper focuses on the key projects, including above all the road construction projects, as well as those connected to air and rail infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | infrastructure, Euro 2012, roads |
| JEL: | H00 |
| Date: | 2017–09–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:82604&r=tre |
| By: | Vigren, Andreas (VTI) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how different factors relating to contract characteristics, and the operational and tender environment affect the number of unique bidders placing bids in tenders for bus contracts. A generalized Poisson model is used with a comprehensive data set containing most of the recently tendered bus contracts in Sweden, spanning the period 2007-2015. The main finding from the analysis is that most contract characteristics change participation in tenders by around 0.1-0.5 bidders. Operator-restricting measures, such as special requirements on buses, have a similar limited effect. Further, the number of tenders that are open at the same time as a specific tender was shown to reduce participation by almost 2 bidders. Finally, there is evidence that the local competitive environment is of importance, and the public transport authorities therefore need to be concerned with entry barriers in their tenders. |
| Keywords: | Tendering; Bidding; Bus; Public transport; Contract design; Count data |
| JEL: | C31 H57 L11 L16 L91 |
| Date: | 2017–11–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ctswps:2017_013&r=tre |
| By: | Kaiser, Joscha; Friedrich, Anne; Metternich, Joachim |
| Abstract: | In order to meet requirements of a high-frequency supply with small batch sizes, milkrun systems and pull-control are the key concepts for Lean in-house transport. In brownfield plants narrow layouts, transportation between several buildings, large carrier units and multi-storey production sites limit the use of milkrun systems. Existing planning procedures mainly address structure and layout planning and the design of transport technology. Thus, the focus is on the selection of a wide range of manual, mechanical or automatic techniques and not on the definition of Lean processes for in-house transport. This paper addresses interdependencies, boundary conditions and restrictions within the design of in-house transport in brownfield environments. A first classification and dimensioning of transport forms is applied in a case study. Therefore, initial steps towards a structured planning method for Lean in-house logistics are given. |
| Date: | 2017–11–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:89970&r=tre |
| By: | Vigren , Andreas (VTI) |
| Abstract: | One of the factors differentiating operators the most in bus services is, arguably, the respective distances from their workplaces to the area of a procured contract. More dead running kilometers implies higher costs, and the same should affect operators’ probability to participate in tenders. As previous studies have discussed, this is a relevant competitive factor, but the transport literature lacks studies aiming to assess the size of this distance factor. This paper examines what impact operators’ distance to tendered bus contracts has on their probability to participate in the tender, and how this probability differs across operator types. To address this, an econometric analysis was undertaken using probit regressions with data on tendered Swedish bus contracts over the period 2007–2015 along with operator workplace data. The results show that operators’ distance from a contract has a significantly negative effect on their probability of placing a bid for the contract. While being located near the contract gives, on average, an over 90 percent probability of participating, being 10 kilometers away results in a 30 percent probability. The rival’s distance to the contract also has an effect, but only to a limited extent. Large operators are found to be less affected by their distance to a contract, and they are also more inclined to bid if the procuring authority offers a depot to use. |
| Keywords: | Competitive tendering; Distance; Dead running kilometers; Bus; Entry; Competition; Participation |
| JEL: | C35 H57 L11 L16 L91 |
| Date: | 2017–11–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ctswps:2017_014&r=tre |
| By: | Or Levkovich (Department of Spatial Economics, VU University); Jan Rouwendal (Tinbergen Institute); Jos van Ommeren (Tinbergen Institute) |
| Abstract: | We study the role of land development restrictions for the effects of highway expansion on the spatial distribution of population. We demonstrate that these restrictions strongly interfered with the effects of highways in the Netherlands. Introducing an IV approach to address endogenous interaction variables, our findings show that new highways accelerated population growth in peripheral areas, but had no such effect in central cities and suburban municipalities. We find that due to development restrictions near larger cities, the highway expansion caused a ‘leapfrog’ pattern, in which suburban growth skipped development-restricted areas and expanded into farther located peripheral areas. |
| Keywords: | highways; development restrictions; population redistribution; suburbanization; instrumental variables; endogenous interaction variables |
| JEL: | R11 R58 R52 |
| Date: | 2017–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20170109&r=tre |
| By: | Ebru Özgür Güler (Cukurova University); Huseyin Guler (Cukurova University); Ceren Boruban (Cukurova University) |
| Abstract: | According to the definition of the United Nations, a population is called ?old? if the proportion of elderly population is between 8% and 10%, and ?very old? if it exceeds 10%. In Turkey, the proportion of 65 years and older people is 7.7% in 2013, and it is expected that this proportion reaches 10.2% in 2023 according to the population projections. This study is designed to investigate elderly travelers in Adana, which has an old population now, and will have a very old population in the future.We investigate the demographic backgrounds of the respondents, the general information about the elderly traveler behaviors and the attributes in considering elderly travelers? destination selection. We also examine the barriers on traveling and issues related to quality of staff and service. In order to do this, a survey is conducted on 100 old people living in Adana, Turkey. A mixed survey which has four sections is composed based on Shoemaker (2000), You et al. (2000a and 2000b), Gray et al. (2001), Kim et al. (2003), Pearce et al. (2005), Carneiro (2013), Ward (2014). Respondents are asked to answer demographic questions in section A, travel behaviors in section B, vacation route choice in section C, and travel barriers in section D. Factor analysis is conducted to identify underlying factors. The resulting factors are used to test the effect of demographic variables on travel barriers and issues related to quality of staff and service. |
| Keywords: | Elderly travelers, Traveler behaviors, Traveler barriers |
| JEL: | L83 M31 C38 |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:5808153&r=tre |