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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Erdősi, Ferenc |
| Abstract: | The interdependence between air transport and the economic sector can be examined from two directions. Several theoretical and regional studies were published on the economic impact of aviation, which is the fastest growing but the most environmentally harmful among all of the transport subsections. However, out of the many factors that influence the development level / performance of aviation, only the thematization and examination of the relationship with the GDP per capita was carried out for a narrower group of countries. Compared to the past, the author methodologically exceeded previous studies in many respects, since the correlation calculations were carried out on168 countries on 8 hypothetical acting factors and other specific indicators instead of one factor. Furthermore (breaking with the earlier practice), the indicator of passenger traffic per inhabitant was produced not from the data of official statistics (such as ICAO and IATA), which is only related to airlines registered in the given country, but from the complete national airport traffic data that was painstakingly generated by the author. In addition to the global scale, the evaluation of correlation coefficients from a geographical point of view was done according to quantitative categories of hypothetical acting factors and at the same time for every country in the dataset. To illustrate the vast differences among the aviation (infrastructure / traffic) specific indicators, linear scale charts and graphs were made, while the correlation of indicators aggregated by continents was visualized with a logarithmic scaling. |
| Keywords: | infrastructure, interdependence, correlation, tourism, specific indicators, continents, countries |
| JEL: | R00 R10 R11 R41 R42 |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:73940&r=tre |
| By: | Marshall, Phil |
| Abstract: | Urban transportation systems are at the cusp of a major transformation that capitalizes on the proliferation of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), autonomous and cooperative vehicular and intelligent roadway technologies, advanced traffic management systems, and big data analytics. The benefits of these smart-transportation technologies were investigated using System Dynamics modeling, with particular emphasis towards vehicle sharing, intelligent highway systems, and smart-parking solutions. The modeling results demonstrate that these solutions offer the potential to deliver tremendous opportunities to improve the efficiencies in urban transportation systems. However it is also observed that by improving the overall utility of roadway transportation, it is likely that there will be an increase in roadway usage that potentially negates the benefits that planners are seeking. As a consequence, when smarttransportation technologies are adopted, they must be implemented in conjunction with solutions and incentive plans that encourage the desired commuter behaviors. |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsr15:146348&r=tre |
| By: | Na, Kyoung-Youn; Yoon, Chang-ho |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of ICT network on productivity contribution of transportation infrastructure. Using dynamic panel data of OECD member countries, the paper finds that there exists significant complementarity between ICT network and transportation infrastructure. The network effect of motorway infrastructure in OECD countries tends to accelerate when the ICT network grows beyond a certain threshold level. |
| Keywords: | Intelligent Transport System,ICT convergence,productivity growth,complementarity |
| JEL: | O47 O38 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsr15:146329&r=tre |
| By: | Noor, Bashar Abdal; Sirong, Yi; Alam Kazmi, Syed Hasnain; Abid, Malik Muneeb |
| Abstract: | Transportation plays a significant role in each country’s economy and it is critically important to ensure its dynamic harmonious development. Operating expenses and time consumption are important indicators for planning vertical profile of high-speed railway line. The paper presents two models: i) first estimates the effect of stations spacing on operating expenses, and ii) second measures the effect of maximum gradient on time consumption. In this regard, six standard vertical profiles of high-speed railway line have been studied. The results show that operating expenses model is a third-degree function of station spacing, whereas time consumption model is a quadratic function of maximum gradient. Furthermore, it is determined that station spacing has great impact on operating expenses and time consumption of HSR. |
| Keywords: | operating expenses; time consumption; high-speed railway; vertical profile; station spacing |
| JEL: | C6 R4 R40 |
| Date: | 2016–08–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:73207&r=tre |
| By: | Han, So Yeon; Chang, Younghoon; Siew Fan Wong Chang, Younghoon; Hon Qui Chong Siew Fan Wong Chang, Younghoon; Lee, Sangman |
| Abstract: | The process of purchasing air tickets is often hovered with much uncertainties. Such uncertainties are introduced by complex pricing strategies and algorithms used by airline companies which vary ticket price based on dates, time of purchase and different routes selected. In order to reduce perceived uncertainties among consumers, agents such as Kayak.com try to present analytics information to assist consumer decision-making. This study seeks to understand the effect of analytics information on consumers' perceived uncertainty and decision to purchase airline tickets. Survey data will be collected from online air ticket buyers. Structural equation modeling technique will be used to analyze the data. Based on the results, we will suggest academic and practical implications. |
| Keywords: | Business Analytics,Uncertainty Mitigation,Online ticket purchase,Trust,Perceived Behavioral Control,Information Quality |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsr15:146315&r=tre |
| By: | Hui Jin; Isabel Rial |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we argue that there is much room for China to strengthen its regulatory framework for public-private partnerships (PPPs). We show that infrastructure projects carried out through local government financing vehicles (LGFVs) were largely unregulated PPPs, and significant fiscal risks have already manifested themselves. While PPPs can potentially provide efficiency gains, they can also be used by governments to circumvent budgetary borrowing constraints. Therefore, effective PPP regulation is key to delivering PPPs’ benefits while containing their potential fiscal risks. The authorities have taken concrete steps in order to establish a sound regulatory framework and foster a new generation of PPPs. However, to make the framework effective, we highlight a few issues to be resolved. Based on international best practice, we propose a four-pillar regulatory framework for China, which could be implemented gradually in three stages. |
| Date: | 2016–09–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:16/187&r=tre |
| By: | Valerie Cerra; Alfredo Cuevas; Carlos Góes; Izabela Karpowicz; Troy D Matheson; Issouf Samaké; Svetlana Vtyurina |
| Abstract: | Inadequate infrastructure has been widely viewed as a principal barrier to growth and development in Latin America and the Caribbean. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of infrastructure in the region and highlights key areas in which infrastructure networks can be enhanced. The public and private sectors play complementary roles in improving the infrastructure network. Therefore, it is critical to strengthen public investment management processes as well as the regulatory framework, including to ensure an appropriate mix of financing and funding for projects and to address environmental concerns. |
| Keywords: | Infrastructure;Latin America;Caribbean;Transportation;Energy;Electricity;Communications services;Fiscal policy;Public investment;Private sector;Public-private partnership;Environmental sustainability;Cross country analysis;Latin America and the Caribbean, infrastructure, public investment, investment efficiency, public-private partnerships. |
| Date: | 2016–09–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:16/185&r=tre |
| By: | Alan Roncoroni; Matus Medo |
| Abstract: | Models of spatial firm competition assume that customers are distributed in space and transportation costs are associated with their purchases of products from a small number of firms that are also placed at definite locations. It has been long known that the competition equilibrium is not guaranteed to exist if the most straightforward linear transportation costs are assumed. We show by simulations and also analytically that if periodic boundary conditions in two dimensions are assumed, the equilibrium exists for a pair of firms at any distance. When a larger number of firms is considered, we find that their total equilibrium profit is inversely proportional to the square root of the number of firms. We end with a numerical investigation of the system's behavior for a general transportation cost exponent. |
| Date: | 2016–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1609.04944&r=tre |
| By: | Stephen J. Redding; Esteban Rossi-Hansberg |
| Abstract: | The observed uneven distribution of economic activity across space is influenced by variation in exogenous geographical characteristics and endogenous interactions between agents in goods and factor markets. Until recently, the theoretical literature on economic geography had focused on stylized settings that could not easily be taken to the data. This paper reviews more recent research that has developed quantitative models of economic geography. These models are rich enough to speak to first-order features of the data, such as many heterogenous locations and gravity equation relationships for trade and commuting. Yet at the same time these models are sufficiently tractable to undertake realistic counterfactuals exercises to study the effect of changes in amenities, productivity, and public policy interventions such as transport infrastructure investments. We provide an extensive taxonomy of the different building blocks of these quantitative spatial models and discuss their main properties and quantification. |
| JEL: | F10 F14 R12 R23 R41 |
| Date: | 2016–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:22655&r=tre |
| By: | van den Dam, Rob |
| Abstract: | IBM Internet of Things (IoT) research focuses on three components to address the multiple challenges of a scalable, secure and efficient IoT: Technology strategy, business and economic insights, and product and user experience design. By merging these three streams of research, IBM developed a tangible vision of the connected future and findings that can guide executives in making strategic IoT decisions and investments. As the IoT scales exponentially, decentralized networks have the potential to reduce infrastructure and maintenance costs to manufacturers. Decentralization also promise increased robustness by removing single points of failure that could exists in traditional centralized networks. By shifting the power in the network from the center to the edges, devices gain greater autonomy and can become points of transactions and economic value creation for owners and users. |
| Keywords: | Internet of Things,ecosystems,Economy of Thing,big data,security |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsr15:146311&r=tre |