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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Leonid Engelson (Trasnport and Location Analysis - The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)); Ida Kristoffersson (Trasnport and Location Analysis - The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)); Mohammad Saifuzzaman (ENS Cachan - Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan - École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan); André De Palma (ENS Cachan - Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan - École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan); Kiarash Motamedi (THEMA - Théorie économique, modélisation et applications - CNRS : UMR8184 - Université de Cergy Pontoise) |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews the transportation models used for predicting impacts of congestion charging in European cities and carries out in-depth comparison of two such models, METROPOLIS and SILVESTER. Both are mesoscopic dynamic models involving modal split, route choice and departure time choice calibrated for the Stockholm baseline situation without charges and applied for modeling effects of congestion charging. The results obtained from the two models are mutually compared and validated against actual outcome of the Stockholm congestion charging scheme. Both models provide significant improvement in realism over static models. However results of cost benefit analysis may differ substantially. |
| Keywords: | Congestion charges; Congestion pricing; Road pricing; Transportation models; Dynamic assignment; Mesoscopic models; Departure time choice |
| Date: | 2013–01–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-00779285&r=tre |
| By: | Bataille, Marc; Steinmetz, Alexander |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the effect of inter urban buses competing on a few routes against trains within an established railway network. In line with expectations, we show that this can lead to unprofitable train service on these routes. However, within an established railway network with every track being profitable, competition on just some tracks can result in a collapse of the entire network. External effects of individual routes on the railway network are fundamental for the profitability of the network. Hence, weakening these network effects might be crucial. As a result, efficient intermodal competition on some routes might cause the abandoning of other routes that are not facing any competition. This effect has to be taken into account by political actors when liberalization of inter urban bus travel is considered. -- |
| Keywords: | Transportation,intermodal competition,network effects |
| JEL: | K2 L1 L5 R4 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dicedp:84&r=tre |
| By: | Kunaka, Charles; Mustra, Monica Alina; Saez, Sebastian |
| Abstract: | Services have a direct impact on the competitiveness of the goods sector. This paper illustrates the importance of logistics services, their trade dimension, and how regulatory issues act as perhaps one of the most significant barriers to competitiveness. The paper discusses recent developments and the role and benefits of logistics services and argues that from a trade agreement standpoint, logistics is a network industry that ultimately provides one service to a final client. It analyzes logistics services from a services trade perspective and proposes that trade agreements should ensure access to and use of the infrastructure required to provide these services recognizing their interconnectedness. The paper offers suggestions on additional policies World Trade Organization members, and countries negotiating services agreements regionally or bilaterally, could follow in order to fully exploit the opportunities provided by logistics services. Local regulations and complementary policies in areas such as trade facilitation will always remain important. |
| Keywords: | Transport Economics Policy&Planning,Transport and Trade Logistics,Common Carriers Industry,Trade and Transport,Banks&Banking Reform |
| Date: | 2013–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6332&r=tre |
| By: | Ignacio A. Inoa (THEMA - Théorie économique, modélisation et applications - CNRS : UMR8184 - Université de Cergy Pontoise); Nathalie Picard (THEMA - Théorie économique, modélisation et applications - CNRS : UMR8184 - Université de Cergy Pontoise); André De Palma (ENS Cachan - Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan - École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan) |
| Abstract: | The effect of an individual-specific measure of accessibility to jobs is analyzed using a three-level nested logit model of residential location, workplace, and job type choice. This measure takes into account the attractiveness of different job types when the workplace choice is anticipated in the residential location decision. The model allows for variation in the preferences for job types across individuals and accounts for individual heterogeneity of preferences at each choice level in the following dimensions: education, age, gender and children. Using data from the Greater Paris Area, estimation results indicate that the individual-specific accessibility measure is an important determinant of the residential location choice and its effect differ along the life cycle. Results also show that the job type attractiveness measure is a more significant predictor of workplace location than the standard measures. |
| Keywords: | residential location; job location; accessibility; nested logit; Greater Paris |
| Date: | 2013–01–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-00776945&r=tre |
| By: | SCHMITZ Frédéric |
| Abstract: | La réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) dues aux déplacements de marchandises et de personnes est un objectif majeur des politiques de transport en Europe. Dans l?exemple précis de la mobilité domicile-travail des frontaliers travaillant au Luxembourg, nous avons estimé, sur la base de méthodes de calcul utilisant des données directement disponibles de l?Enquête Mobilité des Frontaliers, que les émissions de CO2 par frontalier ont baissé de 9% entre 2007 et 2010. Cela signifie que les politiques volontaristes en faveur des transports en commun ont eu des impacts positifs, tout comme le renouvellement du parc automobile, qui a entraîné une baisse des émissions moyennes des voitures en circulation. Durant cette période le nombre de frontaliers a fortement progressé, aussi le volume total des émissions générées par la mobilité domicile-travail des frontaliers a tout de même augmenté de 5%. En résumé, si les actions entreprises ont permis de limiter la hausse des émissions de CO, elles restent à court terme insuffisantes pour les faire diminuer significativement. |
| Keywords: | mobilité; frontalier; gaz à effet de serre; report modal; environnement |
| Date: | 2012–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irs:cepswp:2012-37&r=tre |