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on Transport Economics |
| By: | Jussila Hammes, Johanna (VTI) |
| Abstract: | We study factors affecting the choice of objects to be included in the National Transport Infrastructure Plans for 2004-2015 and for 2010-2021 in Sweden, controlling for the CBA results. The present working paper contains both a comparative analysis between the two Plans, and sensitivity analyses for the econometric regressions of the 2010-21 Plan conducted in Jussila Hammes (forthcoming). We find that the centre-right government tended to favour those counties that voted for it. Both a centre-right and a centre-left government have favoured rail investments over road. Lobbying also matters; projects with co-financing from the local municipality(ies) have a greater probability of being included in the Plan. Industry lobbying has at best a borderline significant effect and affects the probability of a project being included in the Plan positively. |
| Keywords: | Transport infrastructure plan; Lobbying; Co-financing; Freight benefits; Politics |
| JEL: | D61 D72 L98 |
| Date: | 2012–10–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ctswps:2012_021&r=tre |
| By: | Tai-Yu Ma (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - CNRS : UMR5593 - Université Lumière - Lyon II - Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat); Jean-Patrick Lebacque (IFSTTAR/GRETTIA - Génie des Réseaux de Transport Terrestres et Informatique Avancée - IFSTTAR - Université Paris XII - Paris Est Créteil Val-de-Marne) |
| Abstract: | The system optimal routing problem has been widely studied for road network while it is less considered for public transit system. Traditional shortest-path-based multimodal itinerary guidance systems may deteriorate the system performance when the assigned lines become congested. For this issue, we formulate the dynamic system optimal routing model for multimodal transit system. The transit system is represented by a multilevel graph to explicitly simulate passenger flow and transit system operations. A solution algorithm based on the cross entropy method is proposed, and its performance is compared with the method of successive averages in static and dynamic cases. Numerical study on a simple multimodal transit network provides the basis for comparing the system optimal routing and user optimal routing under different congestion levels. |
| Keywords: | system optimal routing, multimodal, transit, |
| Date: | 2012–07–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-00740347&r=tre |
| By: | Joshua S. Graff Zivin; Matthew Kotchen; Erin T. Mansur |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we develop a methodology for estimating marginal emissions of electricity demand that vary by location and time of day across the United States. The approach takes account of the generation mix within interconnected electricity markets and shifting load profiles throughout the day. Using data available for 2007 through 2009, with a focus on carbon dioxide (CO2), we find substantial variation among locations and times of day. Marginal emission rates are more than three times as large in the upper Midwest compared to the western United States, and within regions, rates for some hours of the day are more than twice those for others. We apply our results to an evaluation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The CO2 emissions per mile from driving PEVs are less than those from driving a hybrid car in the western United States and Texas. In the upper Midwest, however, charging during the recommended hours at night implies that PEVs generate more emissions per mile than the average car currently on the road. Underlying many of our results is a fundamental tension between electricity load management and environmental goals: the hours when electricity is the least expensive to produce tend to be the hours with the greatest emissions. In addition to PEVs, we show how our estimates are useful for evaluating the heterogeneous effects of other policies and initiatives, such as distributed solar, energy efficiency, and real-time pricing. |
| JEL: | H23 L94 Q5 |
| Date: | 2012–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:18462&r=tre |
| By: | Saslavsky, Daniel; Shepherd, Ben |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that networked trade in parts and components is more sensitive to the importing country's logistics performance than is trade in final goods. In the baseline specification, the difference between the two trade semi-elasticities is around 45 percent, which suggests that the effect is quantitatively important. In addition, the analysis finds that logistics performance is particularly important for trade in the Asia-Pacific region, which is exactly where the emergence of international production networks has been most pronounced over recent years. The results suggest that policymakers can support the development of international production networks by helping improve trade logistics performance. |
| Keywords: | Free Trade,Economic Theory&Research,Trade Policy,Transport and Trade Logistics,Common Carriers Industry |
| Date: | 2012–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6224&r=tre |
| By: | Margherita Paradisi |
| Abstract: | Nowadays, global trade flows are characterized by new economic trends and changes in the trading composition, the launch of mega-vessels, together with the new role of the Countries involved, are defining a new global geography for maritime transportation. This paper seeks to understand which opportunities Italy can count on, in order to strengthen its role in the international trade flows and particularly in the Mediterranean basin. |
| Keywords: | feeder port, Italy, giant full containers, maritime transport, port geography |
| JEL: | L91 R40 |
| Date: | 2012–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mod:depeco:0677&r=tre |