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on Transition Economics |
| By: | Gabor Hunya (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Monika Schwarzhappel (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | Content and General Description (PDF) In 2015, the FDI inflow to the Central, East and Southeast European (CESEE) countries fell to its lowest level since 2008, while global FDI recovered. The decline was especially severe in the EU Member States of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in Russia, while expansions were recorded in the Western Balkans and Turkey. The first part of this report provides an analysis of the 2015 FDI trends in 23 countries, highlighting uneven developments. New features of FDI have appeared recently in the Central European countries, which are deeply integrated into multinational production networks. FDI inflows fluctuate more wildly than before and have lost their close connection with economic growth or changes in the business environment. Capital relations between subsidiaries and parent companies have become more complex capital reserves, losses and profits are shifted around within multinational conglomerates in various forms of FDI and income. Moreover, tax optimisation by multinational enterprises has become one of the main factors determining the economic sector or the immediate host country chosen by investors when they reorganise their assets into holdings. Round-tripping domestic capital distorts the FDI statistics, of Russia in particular. Special sections of this report analyse the Russian FDI collapse, the Chinese expansion, and the position of Austria as investor and investment destination of CESEE countries. A further section presents new features of greenfield investments in 2015 a declining number of projects and lower capital investments that increasingly focus on the manufacturing sector. Forecasts for FDI in 2016 point downwards again, because the international environment may not support capacity expansions, and also economic growth in most of the CESEE will be less robust than last year. The second part of this report contains two sets of tables Tables I cover FDI flow and stock data, FDI flows by components and related income; Tables II provide detailed FDI data by economic activity and by country. The main sources of data are the central banks of the individual Central, East and Southeast European countries. Methodological explanations highlight important recent changes in reporting standards and their application in the wiiw FDI Database and wiiw FDI Report. The wiiw FDI Database is available online This online access with a modern query tool supports easy search and download of data. The wiiw FDI Database contains the full set of FDI data with time series starting form 1990 as far as available. Access to wiiw FDI Database |
| Keywords: | foreign direct investment, balance of payments, FDI by form, income repatriation, statistics, new EU Member States, Central Europe, Southeast Europe, Western Balkans, China, Turkey, CIS, Russia, Ukraine |
| JEL: | C82 F21 O57 P23 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:fdirep:fdi:2016-06&r=tra |
| By: | Ma, Xinxin; Li, Shi |
| Abstract: | This paper conducts two hypotheses testing and provides evidence on the determinants of self-employment for local urban residents and migrants in urban China. Using CHIP2007 and CHIP2013, the employment status is divided into four categories— self-employed employers, own-account workers, employees, and the unemployed. Several major conclusions emerge. First, utilizing the imputed wage premiums, the business creation hypothesis is rejected for both the local urban residents and migrants groups in 2007. However, in 2013, the business creation hypothesis is supported when a worker choice to become a self-employed employer. Whereas the influences of wage premiums on the probability of becoming an own-account worker are negatively significant for both the local urban residents group and the migrants group, so the business creation hypothesis is rejected when a worker choice to become an own-account worker. Second, the choice to become a self-employed employer for the local urban residents group, and the choice to become an own-account worker for the migrants group in the initial economy reform period can gain more benefit, so the business creation hypothesis is supported for older generation group, whereas this hypothesis is rejected for the younger generation group for both the local urban residents and migrants groups. |
| Keywords: | self-employed employer, own-account worker, business creation hypothesis, disguised unemployment hypothesis, urban China |
| JEL: | J23 J31 O17 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hitcei:2016-3&r=tra |
| By: | Ekaterina V. Krekhovets (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Liudmila A. Leonova (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Student friendship networks can be considered as social capital, which is known to be a very useful resource during university and after it. Several empirical studies have examined static models of student behaviour in social networks. In this study we analyse the dynamic changes of student social connections. We use original longitude data of student social ties from one Russian university. Data was collected within the framework of a research project of the International Research Laboratory for Institutional Analysis of Economic Reforms. To investigate factors influencing the evolution of social ties during university probit regressions were tested. We found that students with similar characteristics such as gender and academic achievement are more likely to become friends and continue to be friends. Both studying in the same group and living in a dormitory increase the likelihood of being friends. We also found a transitivity effect. We observe a positive effect of having common friend on friendship ties. We also notice a positive link between reciprocity and friendship stability. |
| Keywords: | social networks, friendship, higher education |
| JEL: | D85 I21 I23 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:33edu2015&r=tra |
| By: | Idrisov, Georgy (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Ponomareva, Ekaterina (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, Russian Foreign Trade Academy) |
| Abstract: | Main purposes of this paper were evaluation of natural monopolies (NMs) activity in Russian Federation, definition of its basic inefficiency sources, construction of quantitative model of natural monopolies’ tariffs influence on such macroeconomic parameters like output, aggregate price level and on prices of different industries and testing the hypothesis on negative influence of NMs’ tariffs on output and its positive influence on different price levels. To achieve this purposes the following tasks were fulfilled specified natural monopolies inefficiency sources, analyzed empirical approaches to quantify their impact on the economy; systematized theoretical and empirical approaches on regulation of natural monopolies sectors, analyzed consequences of deregulation policy on social welfare changes; analyzed theoretical and empirical studies on quantitative estimation of influence of NMs’ prices regulation on economics, defined and constructed own model of influence of NMs’ prices regulation on macroeconomic parameters (output, aggregate price level) and parameters of different sectors; realized quantitative analysis of influence of NMs’ on competitive ability of different sectors of economy; main conclusions and recommendations on policy on natural monopolies sectors were provided. As initial data for estimation authors used The Central Bank of the Russian Federation, Russian Federal State Statistics Service and Federal Customs Service data, as well as scientific, analytical and statistical papers in Russian and foreign sources, including international organizations reports. |
| Keywords: | natural monopolies, Russia, inefficiency sources, tariffs |
| Date: | 2016–04–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:2041&r=tra |
| By: | Nathaniel Baum-Snow; Loren Brandt; J. Vernon Henderson; Matthew A. Turner; Qinghua Zhang |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effects of the construction of the national highway system in China on local economic outcomes. The analysis employs three main approaches. The first is based on a structural model of Ricardian trade that provides an explicit description of the general equilibrium effects of changes in the highway network. The second involves reduced form estimates of the casual effects highways, which accommodates the non-random assignment of highways across locations. The third approach is a hybrid of the first two. Technique matters. The structural model suggests that access to domestic markets, but not to export markets, increases economic output. The reduced form estimates suggest the opposite conclusion and also point to the importance of highways in the rise of regional primate cities. These reduced form findings are consistent with export driven growth policies and central or provincial government policies favouring regional primate cities. In addition to informing policy, our results raise concerns about the use of quantitative results from Ricardian trade models in isolation for understanding how and the extent to which infrastructure drives regional growth. |
| Keywords: | construction, China, Ricardian trade models |
| JEL: | F10 N65 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:sercdp:0200&r=tra |
| By: | Urška Èede (Banka Slovenije); Bogdan Chiriacescu (Banca Nationala a României); Péter Harasztosi (Magyar Nemzeti Bank); Péter Harasztosi (Magyar Nemzeti Bank); Tibor Lalinsky (National Bank of Slovakia, Research Department); Jaanika Meriküll (Eesti Pank) |
| Abstract: | The literature shows that openness to trade improves long-term growth but also that it may increase exposure to high output volatility. In this vein, our paper investigates whether exporting and export diversification at the firm-level have an effect on the output volatility of firms. We use large representative firm-level databases from Estonia, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia over the last boom-bust cycle in 2004-2012. The results confirm that exporting is related to higher volatility at the firm level. There is also evidence that this effect increased during the Great Recession due to the large negative shocks in export markets. In contrast to the literature and empirical findings for large or advanced countries we do not find a statistically significant and consistent mitigating effect from export diversification in the Central and Eastern European countries. In addition, exporting more products or serving more markets does not necessarily result in higher stability of firm sales. |
| Keywords: | export diversification, export share, volatility of sales, business cycle, Central and Eastern Europe, CEE |
| JEL: | F14 F43 O57 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:svk:wpaper:1039&r=tra |
| By: | Skachkova, Svetlana; Demichev, Vadim |
| Abstract: | The article deals with the dynamics of resources, factors and efficiency of agriculture for the period from 1991 to 2014, with the release of the individual sub-periods, taking into account the period of implementation of government programs. There have been analyzed the dynamics of resource reproduction and conditions of reproduction by groups of Russian regions. The question of price disparities in agriculture, commodity production and the dynamics of the structure by types of farms has been considered. There are some approaches to the analysis of the dynamics of reproduction of Agriculture of the Russian economy, including in the regional context in the article. According to the analysis it’s noted that there are positive trends in the economy of Agriculture of Russia. Extended reproduction occurs in several areas of production, and in some regions of the resource potential of agriculture has been increased considerably. Positive trends have continued in recent years, during the inter-state sanctions and conditions of import substitution. In comparison with other types of economic activity agriculture has stable growth. However, the accumulated negative trends of the past have not overcome. In most regions continue to shrink the crop area, the number of cattle. It is shows the great need of more detailed analysis of the efficiency of production, gross and net value added, wages, incomes of workers, profitability of production by region and by type of producers. In the methodical plan it was noted the need to pay particular attention to the results of the upcoming Russian Agricultural Census 2016, which will allow to trace the changes in the Russian agriculture in the last ten years since the 2006 All-Russia agricultural census. |
| Keywords: | сельское хозяйство, воспроизводство экономики, диспаритет цен, товарность, ресурсы производства, эффективность, группы регионов |
| JEL: | O4 Q1 |
| Date: | 2016–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:71726&r=tra |
| By: | Maria Csanadi (Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences) |
| Abstract: | This paper is challenging mainstream views about the contemporary Chinese system as a developmental state and a variety of capitalism. Based on a comparative analytical model (Csanádi, 1997, 2006) I will demonstrate that in China the general features of a communist system prevail to date, and that the „Chinese specifics” is a structural variety of those general features. I will point out why the Chinese system is neither capitalist nor post-socialist. Instead, it is a complex party-state system in the process of transformation comparable, but not identifyable - to all other party-state systems in their period of operation and transformation. Mainstream concepts of Chinese developmental state, state capitalism, socialist market economy, emerging system, hybrid system variegated capitalism, polymorphous state, centralized developmental autocracy, entrepreneurial state, instrumental development state and clientelist state may be detected embedded in and accomodated to this complex and transforming party-state system. |
| Keywords: | developmental state, variety of capitalism, party-state system, network, power distribution, China |
| JEL: | P1 P2 P3 P5 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:has:discpr:1604&r=tra |
| By: | Júlia Varga (Institute of Economics - Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences) |
| Abstract: | This paper employs a large-scale, individual-level, panel dataset to analyse the effect of EU accession on the probability of out-migration on the part of Hungarian physicians and dentists between 2003 and 2011. The study uses event history modelling and competing risk models. The results show that EU accession did not at the time affect the probability of the out-migration on the part of Hungarian medical doctors, while after the end of the transitional period of restrictions on the free movement of labour from the new EU member states to Austria and Germany (May 2011), the probability of doctors’ migration increased considerably, as it did (for other reasons) starting in the spring of 2010. We also found that more than half of those medical doctors who left the country during the observation period returned sometime later. Results also show that in Hungary, in addition to migration, the attrition of doctors’ numbers is also a severe problem. It seems that shortages of healthcare professionals are not only due to high outward migration but may also be attributed to other problems in the Hungarian health system. Nevertheless, outward migration plays an important and growing role in the phenomenon. |
| Keywords: | medical doctors’ migration; competing risk model |
| JEL: | C41 C55 I10 J4 J40 J45 J60 J61 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:has:bworkp:1604&r=tra |
| By: | Volovik, Nadezhda (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy) |
| Abstract: | For Russia, the development of relations with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has a special political and economic importance. They are designed to help create favorable conditions for the security of Russia and its most important communications, and for the modernization of the whole region of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. One of the issues of further development of relations of the Russian Federation with the ASEAN countries is that in the business of Russia and the Association of the communities do not have sufficient information about each other, thus allowing the participants of foreign economic activity of relevant information in order to promote Russian exports and investment projects. This paper presents an overview of the foreign trade and trade policy in South-East Asia. |
| Keywords: | ASEAN, Russia, Eastern Siberia, Far East, trade policy |
| Date: | 2016–04–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:1441&r=tra |
| By: | Bozhechkova, A.V. (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Sinelnikova-Muryleva, Elena Vladimirovna (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | This working paper is devoted to the study of the mechanisms and impact of interest rates on economic growth. The main theoretical approaches tî the explanation of the nominal and real interest rates influence on output and its components dynamics, including investment and consumption channels, are described in the first part of the paper. The second part provides an overview of empirical studies devoted to the analysis of interest rate impact on economic growth. The major econometric methods that are used in this field of studies are also discussed in the second part of this paper. The third part contains the analysis of country case studies (Brazil, Turkey, Chile, India) that explain key reasons of coexistence of high interest rates and high economic growth rates and the analysis of economies functioning in the situation of low or even negative interest rates. The fourth part of the paper is devoted to the estimation of the interest rate channel of the Bank of Russia monetary policy transmission mechanism and the result of the partial effectiveness of interest rate policy in the post-crisis period is obtained. |
| Keywords: | interest rates, econonomic growth, loans |
| Date: | 2016–03–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:21310&r=tra |
| By: | Lu, Jiao; Wu, Linhai; Wang, Shuxian; Xu, Lingling |
| Abstract: | The China market for traceable food has developed gradually over the past decade. This study surveyed 1380 consumers in seven pilot cities designated by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce for the construction of a meat and vegetable circulation traceability system. A choice-based conjoint analysis and multinomial logit model were used to study consumer preferences and demand for traceable pork attributes. The results demonstrated that certification of traceable information was the most important characteristic, followed by appearance and traceable information. Significant heterogeneity was observed in consumer preferences for the attributes of traceable pork. Consumers’ preferences for traceable attributes were significantly influenced by age, income level, and education level. Based on these results, we suggest that the government should strengthen the promotion of scientific knowledge regarding traceability systems, and encourage and support the production of traceable food with different traceability levels and different certification types. Moreover, the development of food traceability systems should be combined with a labeling system for quality certification. |
| Keywords: | Traceable Pork, Attributes, Levels, Consumer Preference, Choice-based Conjoint Analysis, Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Q18, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc16:236346&r=tra |
| By: | Olga Nicoara; David White |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the possible contextual factors that drove some individuals to lead, and others to join the pro-secessionist rebellion in the 2013-2014 conflict in Eastern Ukraine. We expand on the existing rational choice literature on revolutionary participation and rebellious movements by building a contextual choice model accounting for both cost-benefit and behavioral considerations taken by Pro-Russian militants and rebels in the region of Donbass. Our model generates predictions about the characteristics of the socio-political-cultural context that are most likely to ignite and sustain hierarchical rebel movements similar to those in Ukraine. |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1606.02748&r=tra |
| By: | Egorov D.A. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Perevyshina E.A. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | This study is devoted to the analysis of two empirical approaches to modeling inflationary processes in Russia and abroad: the cost approach, and the Phillips curve. The authors examine the application of these approaches for the analysis of inflation factors in different countries, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Both approaches are used for the analysis of inflation in Russia in the 2000s. As part of the cost approach, a model for the consumer price index is estimated. Besides, various Phillips curve modifications are estimated for the consumer price index and various measures of economic activity (output gap, unemployment, unit labor costs). It is shown that the inflationary process in Russia is better described by the hybrid Phillips curve with output gap. |
| Keywords: | inflationary processes, Russian economy, hybrid Phillips curve, output gap |
| Date: | 2016–03–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:2138&r=tra |
| By: | Löchel, Horst; Packham, Natalie; Hölzl, Eugen |
| Abstract: | This paper looks at the current shadow-banking practices of Chinese SME's and the question if these practices have a positive impact on the development of those SME's. For this pur-pose, new primary data is examined: Four case studies and two supplementary sets of data. Although the data volume imposes limitations on the results, the two main findings are: First, shadow-banking does have such a positive effect. Second, interpersonal lending is by far the most important financing channel for this effect among all the shadow-banking types ob-served. |
| Keywords: | Shadow-banking,SME-funding,China's financial system |
| JEL: | D82 K42 O17 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fsfmwp:220&r=tra |
| By: | Danzer, Alexander M. (Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt); Grundke, Robert (University of Munich) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the economic fortunes of coerced vs. free workers in a global supply chain. To identify the differential treatment of otherwise similar workers we resort to a unique exogenous labor demand shock that affects wages in voluntary and involuntary labor relations differently. We identify the wage pass-through by capitalizing on Tajikistan's geographic variation in the suitability for cotton production combined with a surge in the world market price of cotton in 2010/11 in two types of firms: randomly privatized small farms and not yet privatized parastatal farms, the latter of which command political capital to coerce workers. The expansion in land attributed to cotton production led to increases in labor demand and wages for cotton pickers; however, the price hike benefits only workers on entrepreneurial private farms, whereas coerced workers of parastatal enterprises miss out. The results provide evidence for the political economy of labor coercion and for the dependence of the economic lives of many poor on the competitive structure of local labor markets. |
| Keywords: | coerced labor, export price, price pass-through, cotton, wage, local labor market, Tajikistan |
| JEL: | J47 J43 F16 O13 Q12 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9971&r=tra |
| By: | Hovhannisyan, Vardges |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the structure of food demand in urban China based on the most recent household expenditure survey data. Consumer food preferences are represented by an Exact Affine Stone Index (EASI) demand model, which accounts for unobserved consumer heterogeneity and allows for arbitrary Engel curve shapes. Further, we account for unobserved province-level heterogeneity in food preferences via province fixed-effects. Our findings indicate that seafood, fruit, and vegetables are income and expenditure elastic, while commodities such as grains and eggs are less than unitary elastic. |
| Keywords: | EASI demand, expenditure endogeneity, price endogeneity, food demand, urban China., Demand and Price Analysis, Q11, Q13, Q17, |
| Date: | 2016–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea16:236889&r=tra |
| By: | Elzbieta Antczak; Ewa Galecka-Burdziak; Robert Pater |
| Abstract: | We analyse the efficiency in a labour market matching process. We contribute to the literature by comparing different spatial aggregation levels - NUTS-1 to NUTS-4 and analysing monthly and annual perspectives. We use data for Poland, a country with highly regionally diversified unemployment rate. We apply a stochastic matching frontier model for random, job queuing and stock-flow frameworks and test properties of the efficiency. Heterogeneity in the labour market in spatial and temporal perspectives and determinants of the matching inefficiency imply that different measures of economic policy should be applied to improve the efficiency of the labour market matching process. |
| Keywords: | matching function, matching efficiency, spatial aggregation, stochastic frontier |
| JEL: | C23 J64 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sgh:kaewps:2016010&r=tra |
| By: | Vashchelyuk, N.V. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Zubarev, Andrey (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Trunin, Pavel (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy) |
| Abstract: | This study focuses on the estimation of the output gap in the Russian economy. The first part is devoted to the review of the methods used to determine the output gap, which include one-dimensional statistical procedures, structural and semi-structural models. In the second part we provide estimates of the output gap using the Hodrick-Prescott filter, as well as models of unobservable components. |
| Keywords: | output gap, Russian economy, Hodrick-Prescott filter |
| Date: | 2016–03–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:2137&r=tra |
| By: | Shagas, Natalia (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Bojechkova, A.V. (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Pervishin, Y.N. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Perevyshina, E.A. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | This paper is devoted to the multidimensional analysis of the effects of public sector on the economic growth. We estimate a threshold share of government consumption and government expenditure, which maximizes economic growth in the group of countries, including Russia. This paper answers the question about the impact of total public expenditure, as well as their individual components on total factor productivity in developing countries. It was found that government expenditure on defense and education influence on the total factor productivity growth is positive. We identify threshold values of the financial sector development level, beyond which there is change in the relationship between financial sector development and economic growth. Public expenditure growth has negative impact on the financial sector threshold development level in the long term. We find that, if the inflation exceeds 6%, then further increase in the growth rate of consumer prices reduces the growth rate of GDP per capita. |
| Keywords: | multidimensional analysis, public sector, economic growth |
| Date: | 2016–03–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:2132&r=tra |
| By: | Gabueva, Larisa (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Pavlova, Natalia (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The theme of territorial and industrial clusters is highly relevant, constantly on the agenda of the Russian government and regional administrations. Within the framework of the state program "Economic development and innovative economy" of 20 subjects for these purposes allocated funds in the amount of 1.25 billion rubles. Clustering to provide health care services possible in the implementation of public-private partnership mechanisms. The initiative can show the Ministry of Health and the Government of the federal or regional level, as well as a private person - the owner of the clinic. |
| Keywords: | territorial clusters, industrial clusters, economic development |
| Date: | 2016–04–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:1444&r=tra |
| By: | Radu Gheorghiu (The Institute for World Economy (Bucharest, Romania)); Liviu Andreescu (The University of Bucharest (Bucharest, Romania)); Jana Zifciakova (European Commission – JRC - IPTS) |
| Abstract: | The 2015 series of RIO Country Reports analyse and assess the policy and the national research and innovation system developments in relation to national policy priorities and the EU policy agenda with special focus on ERA and Innovation Union. The executive summaries of these reports put forward the main challenges of the research and innovation systems. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Romania |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc101213&r=tra |
| By: | Emilia Bedyk (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw); Jacek Liwiński (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to determine whether parents’ investments in the education of children in Poland have an impact on the wages of the latter in adulthood. To answer this question, an extended Mincer wage equation was estimated using OLS on the basis of data from the nationwide tracer survey of Polish graduates conducted in 2007. The results of the analysis show that parents’ investments in the education of their children have a strong, positive impact on the first earnings after the end of formal education. This relationship is observed when the investment is depicted with the education level of each parent, as well as when represented by the child’s participation in various extra-curricular activities. Furthermore, if any of the above measures of parents’ investment is included in the equation, the wage premium from formal education decreases. In particular, when both these measures of parents’ investments are included in the model, the tertiary education premium declines by about one quarter, while the secondary vocational education and secondary general education are no longer significant determinants of the graduates’ wages (as compared to basic vocational education). |
| Keywords: | investment in human capital, formal education, extra-curricular activities, wage premium, wage equation |
| JEL: | I26 J24 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2016-14&r=tra |
| By: | Daria Loginova (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | This article offers econometric approach for right realization institutional barriers research in right economy. Offered approach is realized on the example of right to build receiving on a farmland in Moscow region. In this article there is the concept of right demand entered, the features of this term are explained and the econometric model for the purpose of demand factors identification with institutional barriers taken into account is offered. |
| Keywords: | Econometrics in right economy, Institutional barriers of right realization, lands redistribution, |
| JEL: | B21 B23 B41 C52 C81 K11 L51 O12 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:logq6&r=tra |
| By: | Elzbieta Antczak; Ewa Galecka-Burdziak; Robert Pater |
| Abstract: | We analyse to what extent spatial interactions affect the labour market matching process. We apply spatial econometrics methods (including spatial panel Durbin model), which are rarely used in labour market matching analysis. We use the data on stocks and the inflows of unemployed individuals and vacancies registered at public employment offices. We conduct the analysis at the NUTS-3 and the NUTS-4 levels in Poland for the period 2003-2014. We find that (1) spatial dependency affects matching processes in the labour market; (2) both close and remote spatial interactions influence the results of the matching process; (3) spatial indirect, direct, and total spillover effects determine the scale of outflows from unemployment; and (4) spatial modelling is a more appropriate approach than classic modelling for matching function. |
| Keywords: | spatial interaction, spillover effect, matching function, region |
| JEL: | C23 J61 J64 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sgh:kaewps:2016009&r=tra |
| By: | Zsolt Csafordi (Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences); Laszlo Lorincz (Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences); Balazs Lengyel (Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and International Business School, Budapest); Karoly Miklos Kiss (Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and University of Pannonia, Faculty of Business and Economics) |
| Abstract: | What puts productivity spillovers into effect through worker mobility across firms? Productivity difference between the sending and receiving firms have been found to drive these spillovers; while an alternative explanation suggests that labor flows from foreign-owned companies provide productivity gains for the firm. We argue here that skill-relatedness across firms also matters because industry-specific skills are important for organizational learning and production. Hungarian employee-employer linked panel data from 2003-2011 imply that productivity gap rules out the effect of foreign spillovers. Furthermore, we find that flows from skill-related industries outperform the effect of flows from unrelated industries. |
| Keywords: | skill-relatedness network, firm productivity, knowledge spillover, labor mobility, productivity gap, foreign ownership |
| JEL: | D22 J24 J60 M51 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:has:discpr:1610&r=tra |
| By: | Petre Caraiani |
| Abstract: | Abstract It is well known that Southeast Europe is the least developed area in Europe. Using a methodology based on the idea of heterogeneous firms, this paper studies the degree to which firm heterogeneity and resource misallocation can explain the lower TFP in Southeast Europe. The results show a significant degree of heterogeneity and resource misallocation, although the results are sensitive to the calibration used. There are evidences that firm-level productivity depends on firm size, while taxation negatively influences it. There is also some evidence that foreign-owned firms are more competitive, as are exporting firms. Results are generally robust across the various specifications used, but less so relative to the measure of productivity used. Additional evidences suggest that infrastructure-related obstacles as well as institutional instability drive the output distortion, while no factor is underlined as a significant driver of capital distortions, suggesting the need for better data sources for the latter. |
| Keywords: | total factor productivity, firm heterogeneity, South East Europe |
| JEL: | D24 O47 L25 |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:bpaper:119&r=tra |