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on Transition Economics |
| By: | Brown, J. David (U.S. Census Bureau); Earle, John S. (George Mason University); Shpak, Solomiya (George Mason University); Vakhitov, Volodymyr (Kyiv School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the relative multi-factor productivity (MFP) of privatized and state-owned enterprises using a long panel on all initially state-owned manufacturing firms in Ukraine. The large size and length of the time series in the data permit us to track the privatization process and to estimate the impact of privatization within industry-year cells and with controls for firm fixed effects and trends. Results with these methods imply an average 5-10% relative MFP for majority privatized versus state-owned firms. The gap increases with time since privatization, reaching about 15-17% five years after privatization. It also increases with calendar time although recent privatizations are associated with smaller relative MFP. We find no evidence of "sequencing" of privatization based on 1992 relative MFP, but the data suggest a higher survival rate for privatized versus state firms and one that is more closely linked to 1992 MFP. The results also imply that MFP gains from privatization are decreasing in pre-privatization MFP. The relatively few cases in which foreign investors take control result in much higher relative MFP, 22-40% on average, compared to domestic private ownership, but the gap is much lower when the foreign source country is "offshore" – an indirect channel for Ukrainian nationals – and it is also lower when the source is Russia. Privatization of 100% ownership has much larger effects than partial privatization of either minority or majority stakes, ownership structures that have largely disappeared since the early 2000s, as Ukraine has sold off remaining shares. Nevertheless, our database contains more than 1000 majority state-owned manufacturing firms as of 2013 that could be considered for privatization in the future. |
| JEL: | D24 G34 L33 P31 |
| Date: | 2015–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9261&r=tra |
| By: | Zhou Xun (AMSE - Aix-Marseille School of Economics - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) - Ecole Centrale Marseille (ECM) - AMU - Aix-Marseille Université) |
| Abstract: | In this paper I investigate the conditional correlation between preference for redistribution and the perceived role of "circumstances" and "effort" using the Chinese General Social Survey. I found very significant correlations, thus validating the hypothesis of "sense of justice" for China. The migrant worker group who has dual identity (living/working in an urban area while being registered as a rural individual) is analysed in order to identify a discrimination effect (induced by the Chinese rural-urban segmentation policy) upon attitudes. However, being migrant is an endogenous variable to the attitude variables and the consistent estimate of this effect is much more important than the effect produced by a naïve estimate. The econometric model is a multivariate triangular LDV system with a binary endogenous explanatory variable estimated via a GHK simulator method. To implement the GHK calculations, I propose a parametric constraint to impose the positivity of the 3 × 3 correlation matrix. A generalisation for higher dimension cases is provided. |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01143131&r=tra |
| By: | Gregory Wegmann (LEG - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion - CNRS - UB - Université de Bourgogne); Ivan Ruviditch (Shanghai Normal University) |
| Abstract: | We base our work on interviews of Chinese managers living in and around Shanghai. We use the neo-institutional theoretical stream, which considers that a country’s economy is influenced by cultural and institutional phenomena. In a first part, we describe the theoretical background to the research and our method. Then, in a second part, we present the significant cultural and institutional features of China that enable us to justify several hypotheses about our topic. In a third part, we analyze eight in-depth interviews, trying to answer our research question. Our basic research question focuses on what “Performance” means for Chinese managers. Behind the word, we analyze the cultural and institutional backgrounds of their business activities, examining their behaviors and business relations. We end by drawing several conclusions, some of them quite non-intuitive. |
| Date: | 2015–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01104551&r=tra |
| By: | Pierre-Philippe Combes (AMSE - Aix-Marseille School of Economics - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) - Ecole Centrale Marseille (ECM) - AMU - Aix-Marseille Université); Sylvie Démurger (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - PRES Université de Lyon - CNRS); Shi Li (Beijing Normal University / Beijing) |
| Abstract: | We analyse the impact of internal migration in China on natives' labour market outcomes. We find evidence of a large positive correlation of the city share of migrants with natives' wages. Using different sets of control variables and instruments suggests that the effect is causal. The large total migrant impact (+10% when one moves from the first to the third quartile of the migrant variable distribution) arises from gains due to complementarity with natives in the production function (+6.4%), and from gains due to agglomeration economies (+3.3%). Finally, we find some evidence of a stronger effect for skilled natives than for unskilled, as expected from theory. Overall, our findings support large nominal wage gains that can be expected from further migration and urbanisation in China. |
| Date: | 2015–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01128858&r=tra |
| By: | Huanan Li; Yi-Ming Wei (Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research (CEEP), Beijing Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | China's CO2 emissions have been the focus of attention for domestic and foreign scholars. However, very few articles have analysed whether and how a reduction of China's total CO2 emissions can be achieved. This is of great significance for meeting China's future CO2 emissions reduction targets. Based on input-output decomposition analysis model and dynamic programming approach, this paper analyses the factors affecting China's total carbon emissions and discuss whether and how it could be possible for China to reduce its total CO2 emissions. The results show that carbon intensity is a major driver for the reduction of China's CO2 emissions and that the impact of industry structure on the increment of China's CO2 emissions has changed from positive to negative in recent years. Under the premise of economic growth, carbon intensity decline and industrial structure adjustment should be coordinated. A reduction in the total amount of China's CO2 emissions is difficult to achieve in the short term, but an effective development mode can be selected with some policy implications suggested. |
| Keywords: | CO2 reduction, Input-Output model, SDA, dynamic programming approach, China |
| JEL: | Q54 Q40 |
| Date: | 2014–10–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:biw:wpaper:81&r=tra |
| By: | Erik Kubicka; Andrej Piovarci; Jozer Simuth; Vladimir Dubrovskiy |
| Abstract: | The publication was issued within the project ‘Transfer of Know-How for Small and Mid-size Businesses in Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine’ which aims to assist SMEs in those countries by providing support to stakeholders in their efforts to develop analytical and policy advocacy capabilities and by opening new channels of communication between SMEs and NGOs in the Visegrad Four countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) and the rest of the European Union. The objective of the study is to deliver the complete findings and outcomes of the project aimed at Ukraine. This White Paper serves as an authoritative document with action plans, budgets, and a tangible way for the beneficiary country stakeholders to move forward with the agenda of small and medium-sized business development. It presents an overview of the collected background information and contains basic data on the countries, including some key macroeconomic comparisons as well as rankings in major competitiveness reports (e.g. Doing Business report by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), identifies the project stakeholders and provides an overview of the situation of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine. It also includes the findings of two surveys implemented by the Slovak-Ukrainian team. Based on the findings, the “Discussion and Recommendations” section presents various perspectives on the problems of SMEs in Ukraine using the experience of the accession process of Slovakia, specific examples of key initiatives that led to the resolution of the problems, as well as case studies from various industries. It stresses the involvement of all parties including the EU, local governments, civil society, business associations, and the SMEs themselves. The key outcome of the paper is a road map – a very specific plan of actions including schedules, budgets, and other details within the scope of this project that will help the beneficiary country to cope with problems regarding the agenda of small and middle business development using the expertise and experience of institutions and stakeholders accumulated throughout the Slovak EU accession process. It includes a wide range of activities including a discussion of the project results with various Ukrainian stakeholders, workshops aimed at increasing knowledge about EU markets, legislation and standards, as well as strategic and institutional moves. |
| Keywords: | Small and middle enterprises (SMEs), know-how, knowledge transfer, European Union, Visegrad Group, Eastern Partnership |
| JEL: | H25 O12 L26 O11 O19 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sec:cnrepo:0121&r=tra |
| By: | Martin Srholec (CERGE-EI, (Centre for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute) (Prague, Czech Rep.)) |
| Abstract: | This analytical country report is the first of the series of annual RIO Country Reports. This Country Report builds on the series of ERAWATCH reports. The report offers an analysis of the R&I system in the Czech Republic for 2014, including relevant policies and funding, with particular focus on topics critical for two EU policies: the European Research Area and the Innovation Union. The report was prepared according to a set of guidelines for collecting and analysing a range of materials, including policy documents, statistics, evaluation reports, websites etc. The report identifies the structural challenges of the Czech research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and those challenges, highlighting the latest policy developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Czech Republic |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc96345&r=tra |
| By: | Tomasz Brodzicki (University of Gdansk, Faculty of Economics; Institute for Development); Tomasz Jurkiewicz (University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Management, Department of Statistics); Stanislaw Uminski (Institute for Development; Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk); Krystyna Gawlikowska-Hueckel (Institute for Development; Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk) |
| Abstract: | Evidence from recent empirical micro-level surveys such as Bernard & Jensen (1995, 2001), Clerides et al. (1998) or Eaton et al. (2004) indicates large firm heterogeneity. Following a seminal contribution by Melitz (2003) theoretical models started to include firm heterogeneity by incorporating the actual distribution of productivity between firms. The models prove that only very productive firms are able to enter and remain on more demanding foreign markets. Export status is linked to productivity advantage. Apart from several studies the literature on the role of firm heterogeneity in Poland's trade is in its infancy. The goal of this article is to present the initial results of a large survey of Polish exporting and non-exporting firms aimed at filling this important gap. The survey included numerous questions in the area of firm competitiveness, innovation potential, export performance and strategies as well as barriers to exporting and policy expectations. The results of the survey have been supplemented with analysis of detailed financial data provided by InfoCredit allowing us to estimate numerous indices linked to economic and financial performance of enterprises including: capital and labour productivity, overall productivity measured by TFP and profitability. |
| Keywords: | exporters, non-exporters, Poland's trade, firms' survey |
| JEL: | F12 F14 C83 |
| Date: | 2015–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iro:wpaper:1505&r=tra |
| By: | Deininger,Klaus W.; Jin,Songqing; Liu,Shouying; Shao,Ting; Xia,Fang |
| Abstract: | As part of a national experiment, in 2008 Chengdu prefecture implemented ambitious property rights reforms, including complete registration of all land together with measures to ease transferability and eliminate labor market restrictions. This study uses a discontinuity design with spatial fixed effects to compare 529 villages just inside and outside the prefecture?s border. The results suggest that the reforms increased tenure security, aligned land use closer to economic incentives, mainly through market transfers, and led to an increase in enterprise start-ups. These impacts, most of which are more pronounced for villages with lower travel time to Chengdu city, point toward high potential gains from factor market reform. |
| Keywords: | Municipal Housing and Land,National Urban Development Policies&Strategies,Urban Housing,Urban Housing and Land Settlements,Land and Real Estate Development |
| Date: | 2015–08–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:7389&r=tra |
| By: | Guilhem Fabre (Séminaire BRICs - Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Centre d'études sur la Chine moderne et contemporaine - CCJ - Chine, Corée, Japon - CNRS - UP7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - Séminaire BRICs - Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme) |
| Abstract: | As we have seen in a previous working paper (« The lion's share : What's behind China's economic slowdown ? »), China's elite have largely benefited from control of state assets and manipulation of the factors market (land, labor and capital) during the first decade of this century. Along with strong growth and social mobility, the accumulation of wealth has created some of the most flagrant social polarization worldwide, much higher than the official statistics. Instead of taking concrete measures to correct these inequalities, according to the new blueprint of reforms launched by the 3rd Plenum in November 2013, the new direction has focused on a gigantic campaign against corruption. The choice of the « tigers » targeted at the highest level reflect an aspect of political infighting. The top-down method as well as the creation of numerous « Central Leading Groups », allows the new secretary general and chairman Xi Jinping to concentrate power on a scale unprecedented since Deng Xiaoping. Behind these political stakes, the real goal of the campaign seems to destabilise vested interest groups in favor of the statuquo, but the social coalition supporting the power is still fragile, with the passive resistance of the local bureaucraties, the alienation of intellectuals and the uncertainties concerning the gains of the private sector. |
| Abstract: | Comme nous l’avons vu dans un précédent document de travail (« La part du lion : les dessous du ralentissement économique chinois »), l’élite chinoise a largement bénéficié du contrôle des actifs publics et de la manipulation du marché des facteurs (terrain, travail et capital), durant les années 2000. L’accumulation de richesses qui a suivi la forte croissance et la mobilité sociale, a créé l’une des plus fortes polarisation sociale au monde, bien supérieure aux chiffres officiels. Au lieu de prendre des mesures concrètes pour corriger ces inégalités, selon le plan de réformes lancé par le 3ème Plenum de novembre 2013, la nouvelle direction s’est concentrée sur une gigantesque campagne contre la corruption. Le choix des « tigres » visés au plus haut niveau n’est pas étranger à des règlements de compte politique. La méthode très hiérarchique et la création de nombreux « Groupes de direction centraux », permettent au nouveau secrétaire général et président de concentrer le pouvoir sur une échelle sans précédent depuis Deng Xiaoping. Au delà des ces enjeux politiques, le vrai but de la campagne semble être de déstabiliser les groupes d’intérêts en faveur du statu quo, mais la coalition sociale soutenant le pouvoir reste encore fragile, avec la résistance passive des bureaucraties locales, l’aliénation des intellectuels et les incertitudes concernant les bénéfices des réformes pour le secteur privé. |
| Date: | 2015–04–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01143800&r=tra |
| By: | Calvo,Paula Andrea; Lopez-Calva,Luis-Felipe; Posadas,Josefina |
| Abstract: | Wage inequality decreased significantly in the Russian Federation over the 2000s. The economic expansion experienced throughout the decade led to an improvement in social indicators, with a large reduction in poverty rates and an increase in higher education. In this context, wage inequality showed a sharp decline, with the Gini index on labor income decreasing by 18 percent between 2002 and 2012. Using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, this paper documents the reduction in wage inequality and explores potential factors behind the trend. The analysis uses a decomposition technique proposed by Fortin, Lemieux, and Firpo (2011) to disentangle the main drivers behind changes in the wage distribution. The results suggest that wage structure effects are more important than composition effects for explaining changes in wage inequality. Institutional factors, such as minimum wage policies and changes in the returns to employment in different sectors and types of firms as well as the reduction of the skill premium, emerge as the most relevant factors for explaining changes in the wage structure. |
| Keywords: | Labor Markets,Income,Economic Theory&Research,Labor Policies,Poverty Impact Evaluation |
| Date: | 2015–08–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:7392&r=tra |
| By: | Larisa Smirnykh; Andreas Wörgötter |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the use of two forms of non-standard work contracts in Russia with data from an enterprise survey for the years 2009 to 2011. Non-standard work contracts are less costly and more flexible for employers. Internal adjustment in form of wage cuts or unpaid leave is not covered by the Labour Code and earlier practices to impose such measures are less tolerated. Therefore more firms use non-standard work contracts for external flexibility. Statistical analysis shows that companies using non-standard work contracts have similar unobserved characteristics and consider fixed-term contracts and agency work as complements. The main concern for policy is the growing danger of duality following the asymmetric distribution of adjustment costs for workers.<P>Contrats atypiques, flexibilité et ajustement de l'emploi : Enseignements tirés de données sur les établissements en Russie<BR>Cet article examine l'utilisation de deux formes de contrats de travail atypiques en Russie sur la base d'une enquête réalisée auprès des entreprises de 2009 à 2011. Les contrats de travail atypiques sont moins coûteux et plus flexibles pour les employeurs. Les ajustements internes sous la forme de réductions de salaires ou de congés sans solde ne sont pas couverts par le Code du travail et les pratiques antérieures visant à imposer de telles mesures sont moins tolérées. Par conséquent davantage d'entreprises utilisent des contrats de travail atypiques pour accroître leur flexibilité externe. L'analyse statistique montre que les entreprises utilisant des contrats de travail atypiques ont des caractéristiques non observées similaires et considèrent les contrats à durée déterminée et le travail intérimaire comme des compléments. Une préoccupation du point de vue des politiques publiques est le risque croissant de dualisme lié à une distribution asymétrique des coûts d'ajustement pour les travailleurs. |
| Keywords: | Russia, labour turnover, employment level, labour contracts |
| Date: | 2015–08–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1253-en&r=tra |
| By: | Magdolna Sass; Oliver Kovacs; Lidis Garbovan; Renata Anna Jaksa |
| Abstract: | The report focuses on the potential of the development of small and mid-size businesses in Moldova. It provides an economic overview of the country, and then analyzes various best practices and lessons learned from the development of SMEs in the Visegrad countries, especially Hungary. The report provides a description of economic developments, main trade figures, relevant labor developments, migration and the role of remittances and defines the bottlenecks for SME development in the country. The authors built their analysis on available literature and statistics as well as their own survey and interview series. The study highlights six case studies relevant for SME development selected for deeper investigation such as simplified tax schemes, online tax reporting, entrepreneurship education, agriculture and producers’ organizations, the wine industry and issues of measurement of the SME sector. Finally the report draws up potential intervention schemes for Moldovan stakeholders and provides further recommendations for longer term initiatives and actions taken for the support of economic and SME development. |
| Keywords: | SME development, economic development, Moldova, Visegrad countries |
| JEL: | L25 H2 J6 O2 Q1 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sec:cnrepo:0122&r=tra |
| By: | Radu Gheorghiu (Institutul de Economie Mondiala (Romania)) |
| Abstract: | The report offers an analysis of the R&I system in Romania for 2014, including relevant policies and funding, with particular focus on topics critical for two EU policies: the European Research Area and the Innovation Union. The report was prepared according to a set of guidelines for collecting and analysing a range of materials, including policy documents, statistics, evaluation reports, websites etc. The report identifies the structural challenges of the Romanian research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and those challenges, highlighting the latest policy developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Romania |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc96475&r=tra |
| By: | Tibor Dory (Szent Istvan University (Budapest, Hungary)) |
| Abstract: | The report offers an analysis of the R&I system in Slovenia for 2014, including relevant policies and funding, with particular focus on topics critical for two EU policies: the European Research Area and the Innovation Union. The report was prepared according to a set of guidelines for collecting and analysing a range of materials, including policy documents, statistics, evaluation reports, websites etc. The report identifies the structural challenges of the Slovenian research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and those challenges, highlighting the latest policy developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Hungary |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc96564&r=tra |
| By: | Tang, Bo |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the exchange rate exposure of Chinese firms at the industry and firm level based on the conventional capital asset pricing model (CAPM) framework. At the industry level, the dynamic conditional correlation MGARCH (DCC MGARCH) estimates demonstrate that the market model and three-factor model are appropriate for exposure measurements, and industry returns are more likely to be exposed to unanticipated changes in the real exchange rate and the trade-weighted effective exchange rate, particularly for manufacturing industries. At the firm level, although the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) estimates vary across markets, it is apparent that there is a relationship between firm size and exposure effects, which also show that lagged exchange rate changes have significant exposure effects on firm returns. This study finally suggests that non-financial firms should set up special commissions to hedge currency risks of their future cash flows. |
| Keywords: | exchange rate exposure, Chinese firms, industry and firm level, dynamic conditional correlation MGARCH (DCC MGARCH), seemingly unrelated regression (SUR). |
| JEL: | C58 F31 G12 |
| Date: | 2014–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:66008&r=tra |
| By: | Ruuta Ruttas-Küttim (freelance consultant (Estonia)) |
| Abstract: | The report offers an analysis of the R&I system in Estonia for 2014, including relevant policies and funding, with particular focus on topics critical for two EU policies: the European Research Area and the Innovation Union. The report was prepared according to a set of guidelines for collecting and analysing a range of materials, including policy documents, statistics, evaluation reports, websites etc. The report identifies the structural challenges of the Estonian research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and those challenges, highlighting the latest policy developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Estonia |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc96487&r=tra |
| By: | Agne Paliokaite (Visionary Analytics UAB (Lithuania) Author-Workplace-Homepage http://www.visionary.lt/) |
| Abstract: | The report offers an analysis of the R&I system in Lithuania for 2014, including relevant policies and funding, with particular focus on topics critical for two EU policies: the European Research Area and the Innovation Union. The report was prepared according to a set of guidelines for collecting and analysing a range of materials, including policy documents, statistics, evaluation reports, websites etc. The report identifies the structural challenges of the Lithuanian research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and those challenges, highlighting the latest policy developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Lithuania |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc96488&r=tra |
| By: | Boštjan Udovic (University of Ljubljana (Slovenia)); Maja Bucar (University of Ljubljana (Slovenia)) |
| Abstract: | The report offers an analysis of the R&I system in Slovenia for 2014, including relevant policies and funding, with particular focus on topics critical for two EU policies: the European Research Area and the Innovation Union. The report was prepared according to a set of guidelines for collecting and analysing a range of materials, including policy documents, statistics, evaluation reports, websites etc. The report identifies the structural challenges of the Slovenian research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and those challenges, highlighting the latest policy developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Slovenia |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc96370&r=tra |
| By: | Valdis Avotinš (Ventspils University College (Latvia) Author-Workplace-Homepage http://venta.lv/); Liene Resele (Ventspils University College (Latvia) Author-Workplace-Homepage http://venta.lv/) |
| Abstract: | The report offers an analysis of the R&I system in Latvia for 2014, including relevant policies and funding, with particular focus on topics critical for two EU policies: the European Research Area and the Innovation Union. The report was prepared according to a set of guidelines for collecting and analysing a range of materials, including policy documents, statistics, evaluation reports, websites etc. The report identifies the structural challenges of the Latvian research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and those challenges, highlighting the latest policy developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. |
| Keywords: | R&I system, R&I policy, ERA, innovation union, Semester analysis, Latvia |
| JEL: | I20 O30 Z18 |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc96489&r=tra |