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on Technology and Industrial Dynamics |
| By: | Che, XiaoGang (University of Alberta, Department of Economics); Yang, Yibai (University of Sydney) |
| Abstract: | Patent protection may decrease R&D incentives due to the tournament effect. In this paper, we show that patent protection in the presence of a cooperative R&D option always increases the R&D incentive. In addition, this option dominates imitation to increase the R&D incentive under patent protection, and may also dominate royalty licensing depending on the R&D cost. |
| Keywords: | cooperative R&D; patent protection; R&D incentive |
| JEL: | O31 O34 O38 |
| Date: | 2012–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:albaec:2012_006&r=tid |
| By: | Effelsberg, Martin |
| Abstract: | A rising competitive pressure for innovations comes along with an increasing number of companies and public research facilities that include external sources of information into the innovation process. This trend towards an open innovation process can be verified empirically. External R&D expenditures are those invested in R&D activities outside the firm's boundaries, e. g. license fees, research assignments or collaborations with public research institutes and companies. Investments in external R&D allow fast adaptations within the innovation process in case of changing market trends or radical innovations. Furthermore, opening up the innovation process simplifies an integration of required know-how from another industry. Altogether, the flexibility of innovation can be increased without an expansion of a company's own capacities. Beside the trend of integrating knowledge from outside the firm's boundaries, an increasing internationalization of R&D can be observed in several branches. Hence, this article examines the following questions: Which factors determine the absorptive capacity of national economies? How can these factors be operationalized and how can an adequate framework be developed to increase national absorptive capacity? -- |
| Keywords: | innovation systems,absorptive capacity,theory |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:opodis:201104&r=tid |
| By: | Bronwyn H. Hall; Christian Helmers; Mark Rogers; Vania Sena |
| Abstract: | We survey the economic literature, both theoretical and empirical, on the choice of intellectual property protection by firms. Our focus is on the tradeoffs between using patents and disclosing versus the use of secrecy, although we also look briefly at the use of other means of formal intellectual property protection. |
| JEL: | K11 L29 O34 |
| Date: | 2012–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:17983&r=tid |