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on Sports and Economics |
| By: | Helmut Rainer; Marc Fabel |
| Abstract: | This paper quantifies how much of violent crime in society can be attributed to football-related violence. We study the universe of professional football matches played out in Germany’s top three football leagues over the period 2011-2015. To identify causal effects, we leverage time-series and cross-sectional variation in crime register data, comparing the number of violent crimes on days with and without professional football matches while controlling for date heterogeneity, weather, and holidays. Our main finding shows that violent crime increases by 21.5 percent on a match day. In total, professional football matches explain almost 18 percent of all violent assaults in the regions studied, and generate annual social costs of 95 million euros. Exploring possible mechanisms, we establish that the match day effect cannot be explained by emotional cues stemming from either unsettling events during a match or unexpected game outcomes, nor is it driven by increases in domestic violence. Instead, we find that the match day effect can be attributed to violence among males in the 18-29 age group, rises to almost 70 percent on days with high-rivalry derby matches, and that a non-negligible share of it stems from violent assaults on police officers. These findings are inconsistent with frustration-aggression theories that can explain sports-related violence in the United States, but can be accommodated by social identity explanations of football hooliganism. |
| Keywords: | violent crime, football hooliganism |
| JEL: | J19 K42 Z13 Z29 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9431&r= |
| By: | Wolfgang Maennig (Chair for Economic Policy, University of Hamburg); Steffen Q. Mueller (Chair for Economic Policy, University of Hamburg) |
| Abstract: | We provide evidence for heterogeneous consumer preferences for product quality and game outcome uncertainty (GOU) in Major League Baseball. Using attendance data from 2013 to 2019, we explore func-tional data clustering techniques to detect common patterns in predictive margins of team-specific win-ning probability. As a central result, we identify five groups of teams with similar GOU effects. However, only a few teams’ fans show GOU preferences that resemble the typical hump-shape that is postulated by the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis; the largest cluster is comprised of teams with fans whose at-tendance behavior is relatively insensitive to differences in GOU. |
| Keywords: | Consumer demand, Heterogeneous preferences, Product Quality, Uncertainty of outcome hypothesis, Clustering, Functional data analysis |
| JEL: | D12 L15 L2 L83 Z2 |
| Date: | 2021–12–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hce:wpaper:070&r= |
| By: | Pierre-Yves Janssoone; Antoine Feuillet (Université de Lille); Mathieu Jéöl |
| Abstract: | The French Handball Federation has put at the heart of its strategic project the will to see its clubs diversify their financial resources and multiply the practice offers (health, leisure...) to remain attractive in a changing sport context. In order to accompany this process, this research focuses on the economic models of handball clubs in order to categorize them and identify development levers. Different statistical methods were applied to achieve this. A principal component analysis and a K-means classification allow us to propose a double taxonomy of the clubs: their economic models and their level of professionalization. These methods were applied to the clubs of the Comité Nord (59 clubs), which were contacted by sending a questionnaire. The reading grid created allows to characterize the current situation of the French handball clubs and to identify different opportunities and threats for each of the identified categories. |
| Abstract: | La fédération française de handball a mis au cœur de son projet stratégique la volonté de voir ses clubs diversifier leurs ressources financières et multiplier les offres de pratique (santé, loisir…) pour rester attractif dans un contexte sportif en mutation. Afin d'accompagner ce processus, cette recherche s'intéresse aux modèles économiques des clubs de handball dans l'objectif de les catégoriser et d'identifier des leviers de développement. Différentes méthodes statistiques ont été appliquées pour y parvenir. Une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) et une classification K-means permettent de proposer une double taxonomie des clubs : de leurs modèles économiques et de leur niveau de professionnalisation. Ces méthodes sont appliquées aux clubs du Comité Nord (59 clubs) qui ont été sollicités par l'envoi d'un questionnaire. La grille de lecture créée permet de caractériser la situation actuelle des clubs de handball français et d'identifier différentes opportunités et menaces pour chacune des catégories identifiées. |
| Date: | 2021–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03418321&r= |
| By: | David K Levine; Salvatore Modica; Junze Sun |
| Date: | 2021–12–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cla:levarc:11694000000000078&r= |