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on Sports and Economics |
| By: | Ministry of Youth and Sports Affairs YAS |
| Abstract: | The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, has initiated this study to review the National Service Scheme at the National level. The study reviewed four aspects of the scheme: nature and spread of activities, its impact and sustainability; administrative and financial mechanism; training and motivational aspects. The input from this study is to inform further changes to rejuvenate and strengthen the National Service Scheme in India. |
| Keywords: | National service scheme, NSS, impact, youth, sports, sustainability, India |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1859&r=spo |
| By: | Kahn, Lawrence M. (Cornell University) |
| Abstract: | This Chapter reviews evidence on discrimination in basketball, primarily examining studies on race but with some discussion of gender as well. I focus on discrimination in pay, hiring, and retention against black NBA players and coaches and pay disparities by gender among college coaches. There was much evidence for each of these forms of discrimination against black NBA players in the 1980s. However, there appears to be less evidence of racial compensation, hiring and retention discrimination against black players in the 1990s and early 2000s than the 1980s. This apparent decline is consistent with research on customer discrimination in the NBA: in the 1980s, there was abundant evidence of fan preference for white players; however, since the 1980s, these preferences seem much weaker. There appears to be little evidence of pay, hiring or retention discrimination against black NBA coaches, and while male college basketball coaches outearn females, this gap is accounted for by differences in revenues and coaches' work histories. There is some dispute over whether these revenue differences are themselves the result of employer discrimination. |
| Keywords: | discrimination, race, gender, basketball |
| JEL: | J71 L83 |
| Date: | 2009–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp3987&r=spo |
| By: | Humphreys, Brad (University of Alberta, Department of Economics); Ruseski, Jane (University of Alberta, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the economics of participation in physical activity by developing a consumer choice model of participation and estimating it using data drawn from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS). Both emphasize that individuals face two distinct decisions: (1) should I participate; and (2) how much time should I spend participating? The results indicate that economic factors like income and opportunity cost of time are important determinants of physical activity and that physical activity is a normal good. Individual characteristics also play an important role in determining the amount of time spent in physical activity. Participation and time spent decline with age. Females, married people, households with children, blacks and hispanics all spend less time engaged in physical activity than males, single people, childless households and whites. Public policy interventions aimed at improving physical activity of Americans targeted to specific sub-populations are likely to be more effective than broad-based policies. |
| Keywords: | time allocation; physical activity; sport participation |
| JEL: | I12 I18 J22 L83 |
| Date: | 2009–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:albaec:2009_009&r=spo |
| By: | Joseph Price; Lars Lefgren; Henry Tappen |
| Abstract: | Using data from the National Basketball Association (NBA), we examine whether patterns of workplace cooperation occur disproportionately among workers of the same race. We find that, holding constant the composition of teammates on the floor, basketball players are no more likely to complete an assist to a player of the same race than a player of a different race. Our confidence interval allows us to reject even small amounts of same-race bias in passing patterns. Our findings suggest that high levels of interracial cooperation can occur in a setting where workers are operating in a highly visible setting with strong incentives to behave efficiently. |
| JEL: | J15 J71 L23 |
| Date: | 2009–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:14749&r=spo |
| By: | Liu, Ming-jun; Mao, Bao-hua; HUANG, Yu; Zhang, Jian-peng; Chen, Shao-kuan |
| Abstract: | During the 29th Olympic Games, the Organizing Committee proposed and applied a series of traffic control measures. This paper first introduces the traffic control measures, and then analyzes their effects on road traffic structure and volume. It turned out that the ratio of non-motorized vehicle and bus are directly proportional to the intensity of traffic control, while the traffic volume and V/C ratio are inversely proportional to it. The survey data indicate that, with the launch of the traffic control measures, the ratio of passenger car on expressway declined 15.68% while bus inclined 2.85% in AM peak. The vehicle volume of expressway, arterial road, secondary road and branch road declined 18.84%, 22.13%, 38.5%, and 24.63%, respectively by lane, while the V/C ratio decreased by 59.09%, 20.00%, 68.75%, and 6.25%, respectively in AM peak. |
| Keywords: | traffic control; Olympic traffic; traffic volume; V/C ratio |
| JEL: | D5 |
| Date: | 2008–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:13460&r=spo |