|
on South East Asia |
| By: | Faradina A. Maizar; Teuku Riefky; Ghany E. Wiguna; Raka R. Fadilla; Yoshua Caesar Justinus; Jahen F. Rezki (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | The study evaluates Korea’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) in Indonesia, focusing on its effectiveness and local perspectives. Information gathered from 112 stakeholders that received ODA from Korea indicates satisfaction with Korean ODA due to inclusive project identification, effective planning, substantial implementation budgets, knowledge transfer, capacity building, direct communication, and stringent monitoring. Despite these strengths, issues like rigid expectations, language barriers, prolonged negotiations, and bureaucratic inefficiencies persist. Further improvement will be needed to improve the impact of the ODA; it includes setting flexible targets, employing interpreters, streamlining regulations, enhancing monitoring, reducing consultant reliance, following up on projects, and simplifying bureaucratic processes. Addressing these challenges can enhance the impact of Korea’s ODA, strengthening bilateral cooperation and sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | ODA — Korea — Indonesia — Evaluation |
| JEL: | F35 H81 O19 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:wpaper:202478 |
| By: | Dung Quang Le (National Economics University, Vietnam Author-2-Name: Trang Quynh Phama Author-2-Workplace-Name: University of East London, UK Author-3-Name: Thi Phuong Nguyenb Author-3-Workplace-Name: International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - The primary objective of this exploratory research is to investigate the factors affecting investment behavior in the Vietnamese Bitcoin market. Methodology/Technique – The study employs quantitative research methods, including surveys of the Vietnamese Bitcoin market, to gain valuable insights into the factors influencing investment behavior. It uses exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis for data analysis. Findings – Research results show that there are 5 factors affecting Bitcoin investment behavior in Vietnam: benefits, past experience, national laws, crowd effects, and the Bitcoin market. Among them, the two most influential factors are national interests and laws. The lowest impact factor is past experience. The study tested the differences in Bitcoin investment behavior between Bitcoin investors according to gender, age, income, and investment time. The study found no significant variance in the evaluation of gender, age, income, and investment time in Bitcoin investment behavior in Vietnam. Based on the regression results, the authors recommend practical solutions related to benefits, past experience, national laws, crowd effects, and the Bitcoin market. The aim is to assist Vietnamese investors in understanding the influence of factors on Bitcoin investments in Vietnam. From there, investors adopt the appropriate behaviors, views, and investments in Bitcoin and other virtual currencies. Novelty – The first study uses a quantitative method to address the factors affecting the investment behavior in the Vietnamese Bitcoin market. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Investment Behavior; Bitcoin Market; Investors' Decisions; Virtual Currencies |
| JEL: | G2 G29 |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jfbr226 |
| By: | Teguh Dartanto; Yoshua Caesar Justinus; Rus'an Nasrudin (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | COVID-19, as an infectious disease, increases health risks and may potentially reduce political participation in general elections. Nevertheless, existing empirical research has yielded inconclusive results. This study aims to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on political participation in the 2020 Regional Elections in Indonesia. Applying the Difference-in-Differences (DiD) method, Propensity Score Matching (PSM)-DiD, and First-Difference regression on panel data spanning 2015 and 2020, our investigation revealed significant insights. Firstly, we observed a strong negative correlation between COVID-19 and voter turnout, particularly in regions with increased COVID-19 cases witnessing reduced turnout. However, we did not find robust evidence to support a causal link between COVID-19 and decreased voter turnout. Secondly, the surge in turnout during the 2020 regional elections seems attributable to a time-related trend. Thirdly, voter turnout positively correlates with regions featuring two or more competing candidates. Our study confirms that health risks do not necessarily deter political participation in Indonesia. The relatively lower awareness of health risks among the Indonesian population could influence the country’s approach to managing COVID-19 and the future potential disease outbreak. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19 — health risk — local election — turnout — Indonesia |
| JEL: | D72 I18 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:wpaper:202477 |
| By: | Sidik Puryanto (Universitas Terbuka, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This article emphasizes the importance of conflict resolution through a cultural values approach in the era of globalization. Methodology/Technique - Local wisdom-based conflict resolution highlights the significance of utilizing existing societal values, norms, and practices to resolve disputes. Finding - Local wisdom encompasses a deep understanding of the social, cultural, and environmental context influencing each conflict. Novelty - Moreover, it provides mechanisms that enable dialogue and mediation between disputing parties through mediators from traditional leaders Type of Paper - Review" |
| Keywords: | Conflict Resolution; Local Wisdoms; Dialogue; Mediation; Tradition Leaders |
| JEL: | D74 Z1 |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr659 |
| By: | Padri Achyarsyah (Universitas Nasional, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Maimunahwaroh Heta Warman Author-2-Workplace-Name: Universitas Nasional, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This research examines the factors that influence auditor switching. It was conducted for financial auditors. The factors consist of audit tenure, time budget pressure, and independence toward auditor switching, with professional ethics as a moderating factor. Methodology/Technique - This research is casual and uses a descriptive and verification approach. It uses questionnaires and interviews to collect data. The respondents are financial auditors in Jakarta. The hypothesis test is conducted using SmartPLS 4. Findings - These research results show that audit tenure, time budget pressure, and independence significantly affect auditor switching. Further, professional ethics can moderate the audit tenure and independence of auditor switching. Meanwhile, professional ethics cannot moderate time budget pressure on auditor switching. Novelty - These findings are significant for audit practices and regulations in Indonesia, particularly in enhancing audit quality through regulating engagement duration, managing time budget pressure, and improving auditor independence. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Audit Tenure, Time Budget Pressure, Independence, Ethics, Auditor Switching. |
| JEL: | M40 M41 M42 |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr237 |
| By: | Noraindah Abdullah Fahim (Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Logaiswari Indiran Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This study aims to examine the role of Market Learning Orientation (MLO) and Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) in enhancing Innovation Capability (IC) to sustain the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Malaysia, specifically in the Fruits and Vegetables (FFV) contract farming sector. Methodology/Technique - Using a quantitative approach, primary data were collected from 228 FFV MSMEs through structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the relationships between MLO, EO, IC, and firm performance. Findings and Novelty - The results reveal that both MLO (β = 0.156, p |
| Keywords: | Market Learning Orientation, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Innovation Capability, MSME Performance, Fruits and Vegetables Contract Farming, Malaysia, Business Sustainability. |
| JEL: | G21 L26 O16 |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr343 |
| By: | Alin Halimatussadiah; Muhammad Adriansyah; Fachry Abdul Razak Afifi; Muhammad Yudha Pratama; Teuku Riefky; Jiehong Lou (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | One of the central commitments Indonesia is pursuing is integrating a green economy into its economic development framework. This aligns seamlessly with the nation’s dedication to fostering sustainable and environmentally friendly development practices. This commitment is underscored by the significant reduction in greenhouse gas emission intensity, targeted to reach 93.5% below 2010 levels by 2045. This goal establishes a clear pathway toward achieving net-zero emissions by 2060. This policy paper provides an in-depth analysis of the strategies and policies outlined by comprehensively maps both current and prospective strategies, policies, and programs aimed at achieving Indonesia’s development target that aligned with a green economic approach. They are NDC, LTS-LCCR 2050, LCDI, Roadmap NZE Energy. While all three planning documents elaborate long-term plans for Indonesia’s journey toward reducing its carbon footprint, they encompass divergent approaches, targets, and commitment periods, leading to varied strategies and programs. The differences among these documents could potentially send mixed signals, affecting planning and budgeting, especially crucial up to the end of the Paris Agreement period in 2030, after which the discrepancies can be re-evaluated. To ensure cohesive and effective climate action, it is imperative for the Indonesian government to unify its approach by creating a dynamic, iterative planning document. This document should be continuously updated to ensure the convergence of all planning efforts, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of Indonesia’s climate actions. |
| Keywords: | green economy — net-zero emission — climate action — Indonesia — climate policies |
| JEL: | Q50 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:wpaper:202480 |
| By: | Alin Halimatussadiah; Milda Irhamni; Teuku Riefky; Muhammad Nur Ghiffari; Fachry Abdul Razak Afifi (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | Indonesia has pledged an ambitious target for decarbonizing its energy sectors. This study aims to examine the potential impact of transitioning the power and automotive sectors on employment. Utilizing energy modeling results for three different decarbonization scenarios, this study quantitatively projects the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of transitioning the power sector on employment for the period of 2020-2050. The analysis of the automotive sectors was taken using qualitative method to gather insight into the potential net job creation resulting from transitioning to Electric Vehicle (EV) from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICEV). The findings suggest that decarbonizing the electricity sector to meet the Paris Agreement target would create 5.86 million direct jobs-year, 2.67 million higher than the business-as-usual scenario. The job creation primarily comes from solar photovoltaics (PV) projects, despite potential job losses from retiring coal plants. Most of these direct jobs are associated with the construction and installation phases of power plants. Overall, the energy transition could result in net job creation (direct, indirect, and induced impacts) ranging from 7.07 million to 12.17 million jobsyears by 2050. In contrast to the positive employment impact Contrasting to the results in the power sector, this study identified two main risks associated with the transition from ICEV to EV manufacturing: lower demand for workers for ICEV components manufacturing and maintenance and higher demand for workers capable of handling more automation-based manufacturing technology, potentially leading to net job losses. This evidence suggests that policymakers should enhance human capital through training and certification, as well as fostering collaboration among stakeholders to address labor market changes during the energy transition and fully capture its benefits. |
| Keywords: | net-zero emissions — energy transition — power sector — automotive sector — employment — Indonesia |
| JEL: | E24 J21 Q43 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:wpaper:202481 |
| By: | Ying Shi (Center for Policy Research, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, 426 Eggers Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244); Maria Zhu (Center for Policy Research, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, 426 Eggers Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244) |
| Abstract: | Asian Americans are often perceived as a “model minority” in classrooms. While this stereotype seems positive, it may raise expectations for Asian students and bolster negative stereotypes for students in other minority groups due to teacher bias. This brief summarizes findings from a study that used data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center (NCERDC) from 2007 to 2013 to identify the presence of positive bias in teachers’ assessments towards Asian American students in grades 3-8 and its effects on other minority groups. The authors find that teachers rate Asian students’ academic skills more favorably than similar White students in the same classroom with the same performance and behavior. In addition, the ‘‘model minority” stereotype negatively impacts other minority groups. Teachers respond to the presence of any Asian student in the classroom by widening Black-White and Hispanic-White assessment gaps. The authors conclude that teacher assessment patterns that set Asian students apart from other groups of minority students harm all students. |
| Keywords: | Teacher Evaluation, Racial Bias, Asian Americans |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:max:cprpbr:5 |
| By: | Jayakumar Raj (Wawasan Open University, Penang, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Balakrishnan Muniapan Author-2-Workplace-Name: Birmingham City University, Birmingham, England Author-3-Name: Logaiswari Indiran Author-3-Workplace-Name: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Training Needs Analysis (TNA) in Malaysian Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) within the manufacturing sector, particularly considering the COVID-19 pandemic. The research seeks to identify key challenges in TNA implementation and determine its role in supporting economic resilience through targeted professional development. Methodology/Technique - A qualitative approach was employed, using interviews, document analysis, and observations to investigate TNA practices across MSMEs of varying sizes. Finding - The study examined how TNA is conducted amidst budgetary constraints and strategic misalignment, with a focus on the impact of stakeholder involvement on the process's overall effectiveness. The findings reveal diverse TNA practices within MSMEs and underscore stakeholder engagement's critical yet often neglected role in the TNA process. The study presents a conceptual framework to enhance TNA practices' efficiency and strategic alignment. This framework addresses operational challenges and promotes employee development, offering valuable insights for both practitioners and policymakers. Novelty - The novelty of this research lies in its emphasis on a structured, participatory approach to TNA, filling a key gap in the existing literature on stakeholder engagement. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Training Needs Analysis; MSME; Manufacturing Sector; Professional Development; Workforce Training; Organizational Strategy; Stakeholder Involvement; Malaysia; Employee Performance; COVID-19 Impact |
| JEL: | M53 L60 O15 |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr658 |
| By: | Murphy, Mike; Dang-Xuan, Sinh; Hoffmann, Vivian; Le-Thi-Huyen, Trang; Unger, Fred; Pham-Thi, Huong; Nguyen-Quang, Duy; Nguyen-Viet, Hung |
| Abstract: | Pork is the most widely consumed meat in Vietnam (OECD, 2023), where traditional food markets typically lacking refrigeration account for 84% of retail trade (USDA, 2024). Previous research by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and its partners found that over 60% of meat samples collected from such markets were contaminated with Salmonella (Ngo et al., 2023). This situation is typical of food markets in low and middle-income countries, where foodborne illness is estimated to claim 420, 000 lives (Havelaar, et al., 2015) and cause a productivity loss of US$95 billion annually (Jaffee, Henson, Unnevehr, Grace, & Cassou, 2019). Adherence to basic food and hand hygiene practices among meat vendors has the potential to reduce contamination cost-effectively, but would require either market incentives or regulatory enforcement, both of which are often absent in traditional markets. Punitive approaches to enforcement of food safety standards can backfire – for example, vendors may evade regulators by moving to informal markets that lack access to even basic water infrastructure. Further, shutting down non-compliant vendors could reduce access to nutritious foods among low-income consumers. |
| Keywords: | pork; markets; Salmonella; food contamination; food hygiene; food safety; economic aspects; Asia; South-eastern Asia; Vietnam |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprwp:168837 |
| By: | Muhartini Salim (Economics and Business, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Ade Tiara Yulinda Author-2-Workplace-Name: Economics and Business, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Rina Suthia Hayu Author-3-Workplace-Name: Economics and Business, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Yenti Sumarni Author-4-Workplace-Name: Economics and Business, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia Author-5-Name: Reni Indriani Author-5-Workplace-Name: Economics and Business, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This paper examines the formation of trust and customer satisfaction using a multidimensional approach. It aims to determine the influence of the three factors of perceived ease of use, customer experience, and company reputation in shaping consumer behavior. In addition, this study will also investigate the influence of trust on customer satisfaction. Methodology/Technique - This study employs a quantitative research method. This study was designed using a combination of survey and experimental methods. Study 1, using a survey method, involved customers who had shopped on the Tokopedia platform as the unit of analysis. The final number of valid respondents was 147 individuals. Meanwhile, Study 2, with an experimental method in a classroom setting, involved 147 (Scenario 1) and 139 (Scenario 2) students from the Department of Management at the University of Bengkulu as participants. Findings - The study's results indicate that online shopping experience significantly influences customer trust and, in turn, has a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Similar results in the experimental study confirm that ease of use and reputation play a significant role in forming customer trust and satisfaction. Implications - The study provides valuable insights for online shopping platforms like Tokopedia to enhance customer interactions and ease of use, maintain a positive reputation, sustain competitive advantages, and build long-term relationships with consumers. Originality - This research introduces the role of three factors, perceived ease of use, customer experience, and company reputation, in shaping customer trust in one of the largest online marketplaces in Indonesia. These three factors are essential to study as previous studies have revealed their influence on consumer behavior. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Ease of Use, Online Shopping Experience, Reputation, Trust, and Satisfaction |
| JEL: | M31 |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr340 |
| By: | Balboni, Clare |
| Abstract: | Coasts contain a disproportionate share of the world's population, reflecting historical advantages, but environmental change threatens a reversal of coastal fortune in the coming decades as natural disasters intensify and sea levels rise. This paper considers whether large infrastructure investments should continue to favor coastal areas. I estimate a dynamic spatial equilibrium framework using detailed geo-referenced data on road investments in Vietnam from 2000 to 2010 and find evidence that coastal favoritism has significant costs. The results highlight the importance of accounting for the dynamic effects of environmental change in deciding where to allocate infrastructure today. |
| Keywords: | transport infrastructure; regional development; natural disaster risk; climate change; path dependence; spatial misallocation; sea level; floods; Vietnam |
| JEL: | J61 O18 O53 Q54 R11 R12 R13 R42 |
| Date: | 2025–01–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126336 |
| By: | Syahrituah Siregar |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a global challenge caused by greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use. Indonesia, as a developing country, faces major challenges in implementing carbon tax policies to reduce emissions, especially related to their regressive impacts on low-income households. Currently, there is little in-depth research on how carbon tax policies impact household income distribution in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Input- Output model to analyze the impact of carbon tax on household income based on 10 income groups, both in urban and rural areas. The results show that carbon tax policies have a regressive impact, where low-income households bear a proportionally greater burden. Household income in Class - 10 decreased by IDR 19, 144.85 million in urban areas and IDR 8, 819.13 million in rural areas, while households in Class - 1 decreased by IDR 954.23 million. Therefore, mitigation policies such as cross subsidies are needed to reduce the impact on vulnerable groups. These findings are important for policy makers in formulating fair and effective fiscal policies, as well as ensuring social justice in the context of sustainable development. This study has limitations in the scope of analysis of long-term energy consumption behavior and certain sectors, so further research is needed to deepen these aspects. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.08177 |
| By: | Stacciarini, João Henrique Santana (Federal University of Goiás) |
| Abstract: | Researchers from various fields of scientific knowledge have dedicated efforts to investigate the multiple characteristics of the pharmaceutical sector. Aiming to contribute to this debate and provide material for discussion, this research focused on collecting, interpreting, and making available data and information related to the Pharmaceutical Sector on a global scale. It was found that the sector's annual revenue has almost quadrupled over the last two decades, reaching $1.48 trillion in 2022. The twenty largest companies have a combined market value of $3.5 trillion, assets worth $1.86 trillion, and generated revenue of $820 billion, resulting in profits of $181.6 billion. Of an oligopolistic nature, most of the leading companies are concentrated in the USA and Europe, although a group of industries in "pharmerging countries", especially in Asia, has been gaining strength. Pharmaceutical consumption, although still highly concentrated in developed countries, has also been expanding in emerging countries. This trend is driven by nations such as Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS), as well as Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, and Turkey (MIST). Together, these nine countries already account for 48% of the world's population and contribute 31% to the global Gross Domestic Product (GDP). |
| Date: | 2025–01–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:hbs8j |
| By: | Chaikal Nuryakin; Izyan Pijar Bungabangsa Satyagraha; Ratu Silfa Addiba Nursahla (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) hold significant economic potential, for a potential contribution of over 55% to GDP, and employ more than 90% of the workforce (WTO, 2016). Recognizing their role in economic growth, poverty reduction, export, and job creation, the Indonesian government has prioritized MSMEs in its National Development Plan. However, a disproportionate number of MSMEs remain micro and small, hindering broader economic benefits. Innovation is proposed as a critical driver for the growth and scaling up of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). This paper explores the relationship between innovation and business growth, identifies significant challenges and drivers of innovation, and draws on international best practices. We delve into several vital obstacles, such as financial constraints, inadequate copyright protection, and limited access to skilled talent that impede MSEs’ innovation and R&D capabilities. Also, we reviewed some strategies to overcome these challenges, including fostering research collaborations, implementing innovation programs, supportive government policies, and providing intellectual property rights (IPR) to MSEs. |
| Keywords: | MSMEs — innovation — scale-up |
| JEL: | F35 H81 O19 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:wpaper:202479 |
| By: | Takahiro Akita (IUJ Research Institute, International University of Japan) |
| Abstract: | This study measures gender disparity in the structure of educational attainment using the Barro and Lee dataset on educational attainment for Asian countries and regions over the period 1950-2015. To achieve this objective, it develops a Gini decomposition method of educational attainment based on grouped data. The study conducts a Gini decomposition analysis of educational attainment by gender. A panel data regression analysis reveals that the gender disparity in educational attainment seems to follow a slight U-shaped pattern with respect to the expansion of education, implying that the gender disparity in educational attainment first declines, but after reaching a lowest point at the mean number of years of education of around 10, it may begin to increase with the further expansion of education. |
| Keywords: | gender disparity in education, decomposition of education Gini by gender, grouped data on educational attainment, panel data regression analysis, Asia |
| JEL: | I2 O1 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iuj:wpaper:ems_2025_01 |
| By: | Abdul Rahim, Mohamad Syafiqe |
| Abstract: | The Malaysia Islamic banking market has expanded rapidly and it continues to embrace innovative structure, as underlined by the launch of Islamic banking products using various Shariah concepts. One of the most popular Shariah concept used by Islamic Banks across all market segment in Malaysia is Tawarruq (Commodity Murabahah). In recent years, Centre Bank of Malaysia has been issuing various Shariah resolutions and Shariah related policies to be complied by Islamic banks. Whilst this initiative is praiseworthy in strengthening and standardising the Shariah compliance culture, there are several issues which may impact the operational aspect of a bank. This paper will focus to discuss on the Shariah and operational concerns in Tawarruq based deposit product where the analysis will focus on the issue of prohibition of Bai` Wa Salaf. In addition, this paper will also provide some example of financial structures which already in Malaysia market as case study and reference. This article is based on qualitative research approach which is purely based on primary data gathered through library research and interview. |
| Keywords: | Bai` Wa Salaf, Tawarruq, Deposit Product, Islamic Banking, Shariah |
| JEL: | G00 G20 G21 |
| Date: | 2025–01–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123099 |
| By: | Daniel Suryadarma; Sandra Kurniawati |
| Keywords: | talenta, keterampilan, pendidikan, Indonesia |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agg:wpaper:4235 |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Syed Yusuf Saadat; Afrin Mahbub |
| Abstract: | In Bangladesh, bicycle exports are the largest exports in the country’s light engineering sector. Notably, bicycle exports account for 7.5 per cent of all light engineering exports (Kathuria & Malouche, 2016). In the global value chain (GVC) of bicycle production, Bangladesh focuses on assembling a large number of parts, with the manufacturing process being less energy-intensive. Currently, the leading producers of bicycles are in China, followed by Indonesia, India, and Japan (Veliu & Surabian, 2016). In Bangladesh, the bicycle export industry has emerged only recently. However, the bicycle manufacturing industry has significant potential in the global economy. The top destinations for bicycle exports from Bangladesh include the United Kingdom (64 per cent), Germany (14 per cent), and Belgium (9 per cent) (Kathuria & Malouche, 2016). |
| Keywords: | Bicycle Industry, Value Chain, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:51 |
| By: | Stacciarini, João Henrique Santana (Federal University of Goiás) |
| Abstract: | Investigadores de diversas áreas del conocimiento científico se han dedicado a investigar las múltiples características del sector farmacéutico. Con el objetivo de contribuir a este debate y proporcionar insumos para la discusión, esta investigación se ha dedicado a recolectar, interpretar y disponibilizar datos e informaciones relacionados con el Sector Farmacéutico a escala global. Se descubrió que los ingresos anuales del sector casi se cuadruplicaron en las últimas dos décadas, alcanzando 1, 48 billones de dólares en 2022. Las veinte compañías más grandes poseen un valor de mercado combinado de 3, 5 billones de dólares, activos por valor de 1, 86 billones de dólares y generaron ingresos de 820 mil millones de dólares, resultando en ganancias de 181, 6 mil millones de dólares. De naturaleza oligopolística, gran parte de las empresas líderes están concentradas en EE. UU. y Europa, aunque un conjunto de industrias en "países farmaemergentes", especialmente en Asia, ha ganado fuerza. El consumo farmacéutico, aunque aún bastante concentrado en países desarrollados, también se ha expandido en países emergentes. Esta tendencia está impulsada por naciones como Brasil, Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica (BRICS), así como México, Indonesia, Corea del Sur y Turquía (MIST). Juntos, estos nueve países ya representan el 48% de la población mundial y contribuyen con el 31% del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) global. |
| Date: | 2025–01–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:9auh4 |
| By: | Yuhanis Bin Ibrahim (Faculty of Creative Technology and Heritage, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Han Jiabin Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Creative Technology and Heritage, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Hana Yazmeen Hapiz Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, University Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Nur Ain Amirah Nazli Author-4-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Creative Technology and Heritage, University Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - This study examines the brand visual identity (BVI) design strategies of two prominent tea beverage brands: Tealive and CHAGEE. In the competitive landscape of the tea beverage market, effective BVI is crucial for differentiation and consumer engagement. Methodology/Technique - This research, an empirical review, employs a comparative case study method, analyzing elements such as logos, color schemes, slogans, packaging, and in-store decorations. Tealive's BVI emphasizes vibrancy and innovation, targeting a youthful demographic with dynamic colours and modern aesthetics. Findings - In contrast, CHAGEE integrates traditional Chinese cultural symbols with modern design elements to create a visual identity that reflects its heritage and brand ethos. The findings highlight the significance of BVI in shaping consumer perceptions and preferences, demonstrating how both brands leverage visual elements to enhance brand recognition and loyalty. Novelty - This study contributes to understanding BVI's role in the tea beverage industry, offering insights into how brands can effectively utilize visual design to strengthen their market position and appeal to target audiences. Type of Paper - Review" |
| Keywords: | Brand Visual Identity; Cultural Symbols; Consumer Perception; Design Strategy; Visual Design; Brand Recognition. |
| JEL: | M31 M37 |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr342 |
| By: | Javed Ali (Assistant Professor, SMBS University of Southampton, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Erum Neseer Korejo Author-2-Workplace-Name: "Faculty of Economics and Management The National University of Malaysia (UKM) Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia " Author-3-Name: Aisha Ghouri Author-3-Workplace-Name: "Department of Media and Communication Studies, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia " Author-4-Name: Muhammad Azeem Abro Author-4-Workplace-Name: "Department of Business Administration Sukkur IBA University, Pakistan " Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - The current study is designed to explore service quality (SQ). It aims to review the bibliometric data of SQ literature and present insights. Method/ Approach - Thematic keyword analysis is performed to identify broader themes. A total of 9618 documents (after limiting to different filters) from 2011 to 2023 in Scopus were included for analysis which were then divided into five phases, hence called five shades of SQ. The search was limited to the keyword ""Service Quality"". Findings - Seven themes evolved from the bibliometric data of SQ. Results reveal different transitions and continuations of certain sub-themes (keywords) across different temporal shades of SQ (from S1 to S5). Also, findings present insights associated with emerged themes, i.e., quality, outcomes/DVs, models/theories, context (services & countries), methodologies, technologies, and services marketing concepts. Originality/ Value - This study uncovers different insights for the researchers and practitioners in terms of emerging, continued, and discontinued themes across the five shades of SQ. Moreover, the empirical studies can be developed and deepened on such emerging themes or sub-themes. Type of Paper - Review" |
| Keywords: | Service Quality, Insights, Thematic Analysis, Bibliometrics. |
| JEL: | M10 M15 M19 |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr341 |
| By: | Aryo Dwi Harprayudi (School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132, Bandung, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Donald Crestofel Lantu Author-2-Workplace-Name: School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132, Bandung, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Dedy Sushandoyo Author-3-Workplace-Name: School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132, Bandung, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - The world of education is currently in a rapid state of developing engaging and enjoyable learning methods. Adapting to the digital era has become paramount in the rapidly evolving higher education landscape, particularly in business schools. This paper addresses digital transformation in higher education, focusing on pedagogical strategies and inclusive practices. Methodology/Technique - The findings emphasize the importance of several learning methodologies, such as active learning, simulation, flipped classrooms, and inclusive education. Finding - This research explores the challenges and opportunities posed by online learning. Content quality, equity, and access are discussed alongside a long-term view of technology adaptation among current and future generations. Through a systematic literature review and analysis of current practices, this paper underscores the significance of higher education institutions embracing digital transformation to remain relevant and effective globally. By leveraging innovative pedagogical strategies and inclusive practices, business schools can create engaging, equitable, and supportive learning environments that prepare students to meet the challenges of the 21st Century and thrive in the future. Novelty - The novelty of this study lies in integrating innovative learning strategies within the context of digital transformation, providing new insights into how higher education can adapt to the evolving demands of the world. Type of Paper - Systematic Literature Review" |
| Keywords: | Higher Education, Online Learning, Digital Transformation |
| JEL: | A20 O33 O39 |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr657 |
| By: | Quoc Tran-Nam (International University HCMC [Vietnam] - International University); Phu Nguyen-Van (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IUH - Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh city); Tuyen Tiet (International University HCMC [Vietnam] - International University, BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Although numerous studies examine the impacts of environmental compliance and innovation on a firm's economic performance, the role of export activities in this nexus has remained unanswered. In this study, we revisit the Porter hypothesis by investigating synergy strategies of dierent environmental and economic practices (i.e., environmental compliance, product innovation, process innovation and having export activities) on total factor productivity (TFP) of Vietnamese manufacturing SMEs. Our results suggest that while encouraging either product or process innovation is also essential in the environment-promoting policy, joint implementation of these two practices should be carefully considered by managers. Moreover, entering export markets positively impacts rms' productivity; complying with the domestic/local environmental standards could signicantly increase the chances for SMEs to enter the export markets |
| Keywords: | Environmental compliance, Export, Product innovation, Process innovation, Productivity, SMEs |
| Date: | 2024–02–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04441426 |
| By: | Jean-Philippe Meloche; François Vaillancourt; Martin Trépanier; Brigitte Milord; Feriel Grine |
| Abstract: | Online retailing is a growing phenomenon that is leading to an increase in home deliveries, generating large volumes of GHG emissions. The logistical footprint is a growing concern in cities, particularly in dense urban areas where space, congestion and pollution are major issues. In this report, the authors examine the environmental impacts, congestion and conflicts of use of public roads caused by home parcel deliveries. Their analysis draws on several sources of information, including a survey of the population of the Montreal census metropolitan area (CMA) in the spring of 2024, data provided by the City of Montreal to estimate the volume and type of parcels circulating on the island of Montreal, and consultations with key stakeholders in the Montreal delivery industry. Their analyses suggest that, on average, more than 900, 000 home deliveries are made every day in the Montreal CMA. People receive an average of 2.62 parcels per week, including home deliveries of meals and parcels delivered for personal consumption to places of employment. The consumption habits of new generations who, in the years to come, will have children and eventually experience mobility constraints suggest that e-commerce will continue to gain market share and for a long period. What can be done to mitigate the impact? A specific fee for deliveries does not appear to be an attractive option. Investment in urban logistics infrastructure, as has been the case in Europe and Asia for many years now, appears to offer interesting benefits, particularly if people access them by active modes. Large-scale kilometer-based pricing could also be an approach to consider. La consommation en ligne est un phénomène en croissance qui mène à une multiplication des livraisons à domicile, engendrant d’importants volumes d’émissions GES. L’empreinte logistique suscite des préoccupations grandissantes dans les villes, en particulier dans les milieux urbains denses où les enjeux de manque d’espace, de congestion et de pollution sont importants. Dans ce rapport, les auteurs s’intéressent aux impacts environnementaux, à la congestion et aux conflits d’usage des voies publiques causés par les livraisons de colis à domicile. Leurs analyses s’appuient sur plusieurs sources d’information, incluant un sondage auprès de la population de la région métropolitaine de recensement (RMR) de Montréal au printemps 2024, des données fournies par la ville de Montréal permettant d’estimer le volume et le type de colis qui circulent sur l’île de Montréal ainsi que des consultations auprès des principaux acteurs de l’industrie de la livraison sur le territoire de Montréal. Selon leurs analyses, il s’effectuerait plus de 900 000 livraisons à domicile chaque jour en moyenne sur le territoire de la RMR de Montréal. Les personnes recevraient en moyenne 2, 62 colis sur une semaine, incluant les livraisons de repas à domicile et les colis livrés à des fins de consommation personnelle sur des lieux d’emploi. Les habitudes de consommation des nouvelles générations qui, dans les années à venir, auront elles-mêmes des enfants et vivront éventuellement des contraintes de mobilité suggèrent que le commerce en ligne va continuer à gagner en parts de marché et pour une longue période. Quelles sont les pistes de solution pour en atténuer les impacts ? Une redevance spécifique aux livraisons n’apparaît pas comme une piste intéressante. Les investissements dans les infrastructures de logistique urbaine comme on le voit en Europe et en Asie depuis de nombreuses années ressortent comme étant des solutions qui offrent des bénéfices intéressants, en particulier si les personnes y accèdent par des modes actifs. La tarification kilométrique à grande échelle pourrait aussi être une approche à considérer. |
| Keywords: | Home parcel deliveries, online retail shopping, impacts on urban space, public policies, Montreal metropolitan region, Livraisons de colis à domicile, commerce de détail en ligne, impacts sur l’espace urbain, politiques publiques, région métropolitaine de Montréal |
| Date: | 2025–01–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirpro:2025rp-01 |
| By: | José Andrée Camarena; Juan Pablo Medina; Daniel Riera-Crichton; Carlos A. Vegh; Guillermo Vuletin |
| Abstract: | In the aftermath of the 1997-98 Asian crises, many emerging markets self-insured by accumulating international reserves (i.e., non-contingent assets) in excess of what many models predicted, while relying relatively little on state-contingent assets. This apparent over-reliance on self-insurance has been viewed as a puzzle in search of an explanation. A related, and still outstanding, puzzle is why the benefits of financial liberalization appear to be quite small and, yet, financial globalization has been unprecedented in recent decades. We show that these two puzzles can be solved by incorporating rare macroeconomic disasters in income risk. To this effect, we first fit a fat-tailed distribution to long output time series for 156 countries. We then develop a theoretical framework to quantify (i) the increase in welfare gains of financial integration and (ii) how the composition of official reserves (non-contingent and contingent) responds to bigger shocks. Our results show that fat tails lead to a sharp increase in both the gains of financial integration and self-insurance for standard values of the coefficient of risk aversion. |
| JEL: | E20 E44 F36 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33366 |
| By: | Hinh T. Dinh |
| Abstract: | This paper was originally published on The South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) In order for Africa to raise living standards, create employment for youth and diversify exports, it must industrialise. Until recently, sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries made limited progress in manufacturing value addition and employment, mirroring the de-industrialisation trend seen in many developing countries. To propel industrialisation, SSA countries should adopt flexible strategies that foster structural transformation and boost productivity in both large and small enterprises, whilst taking into account the environmental impact of industrialisation, given Africa’s susceptibility to climate change. The G20 has long recognised the importance of industrialisation on the continent. This policy insight examines the Indonesian and Indian G20 presidencies and assesses how they have addressed Africa’s priorities and concerns in terms of industrialisation. It also sets out recommendations for upcoming G20 presidencies. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pbnn_38 |
| By: | Daniel Suryadarma; Sandra Kurniawati |
| Keywords: | talent, skills, education, Indonesia |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agg:wpaper:4234 |