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on South East Asia |
| By: | Resky, Andi Sry Aska |
| Abstract: | koperasi syariah adalah bentuk koperasi yang memiliki prinsip, tujuan, dan kegiatan usahanya berdasarkan syariah Islam, yaitu Al-quran dan Assunah. Secara umum, koperasi ini merupakan badan usaha koperasi yang menjalankan aktivitas usahanya berdasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip syariah. Semua unit usaha, produk, dan operasional koperasi ini dilakukan sesuai dengan fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN) Majelis Ulama Indonesia. |
| Date: | 2022–03–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:7vzxn&r= |
| By: | , Asniar |
| Abstract: | Koperasi sebagai salah satu pelaku ekonomi yang diharapkan menjadi soko guru perekonomian nasional hingga saat ini masih jauh dari yang diharapkan, hal ini salah satu penyebabnya adalah undang-undang yang digunakan tidak memiliki kapasitas untuk membangun koperasi yang sehat dan mandiri, selain itu kebijakan pelatihan perkoperasian yang mengandalkan bantuan pemerintah, melahirkan ketergatungan, sehingga daya kreatifitas menjadi tumpul untuk membangun diri sendiri lewat kemampuan sendiri. |
| Date: | 2022–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:sbd82&r= |
| By: | Yaqin, Ainul |
| Abstract: | Usaha kecil dan menengah (UKM) merupakan salah satu bagian penting dariperekonomian suatu negara ataupun daerah, tidak terkecuali di Indonesia. Sebagaigambaran, kendati sumbangannya dalam output nasional hanya 56,7 persen dan dalamekspor nonmigas hanya 15 persen, namun UKM memberi kontribusi sekitar 99 persendalam jumlah badan usaha di Indonesia serta mempunyai andil 99,6 persen dalampenyerapan tenaga kerja. Namun, dalam kenyataannya selama ini UKM kurangmendapatkan perhatian. Dapat dikatakan bahwa kesadaran akan pentingnya UKMdapat dikatakan barulah muncul belakangan ini saja. |
| Date: | 2022–03–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:mzf8s&r= |
| By: | ILHAM, RIZKY AMALIYAH RAMDHANI |
| Abstract: | Koperasi sudah dikenal masyarakat Indonesia sejak lama. Badan usaha yang menjalankan kegiatan usahanya berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan juga telah banyak berkontribusi dalam peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat dan pembangunan negara. Sejak pertama kali diperkenalkan kepada masyarakat Indonesia, organisasi usaha koperasi telah mampu membantu masyarakat meningkatkan kapasitas ekonominya melalui kegiatan usaha koperasi. Sejarah panjang koperasi dimulai dari tahun 1896, ketika seorang pamongpraja Patih R. Aria Wiria Atmaja di Purwokerto mendirikan sebuah bank untuk para pegawai negeri (priyayi) Terdorong oleh keinginan untuk menolong para pegawai yang makin menderita karena terjerat oleh lintah darat yang memberikan pinjaman dengan bunga yang tinggi. Sejarah embrio koperasi di Indonesia terbagi saat Zaman Kemerdekaan, Masa Orde Baru, dan Masa Reformasi (Dewan Koperasi Indonesia, 2013). Sedangkan, Sejarah gerakan koperasi dunia dimulai pada pertengahan abad 18 dan awal abad 19 di Inggris dan pertama kali diperkenalkan dengan nama "Koperasi Pra-Industri". |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:qjmhd&r= |
| By: | Ho, Thi Thu; Huynh, Cong Minh |
| Abstract: | The present study attempts to examine the impacts of Environmental Concern (EC), Perceived Consumers Effectiveness (PCE), Attitude Toward Green Products (AGP), and Perceived Environmental Knowledge (PEK) on Green Purchase Intention (GPI) of the young people in provinces of Southeast Vietnam, including Binh Duong, Dong Nai, Long An, Tay Ninh, and Ho Chi Minh City. Results from a survey of 1,200 young respondents show that the AGP has the strongest impact on GPI, following by the PCE and the EC. However, the PEK has no significant impact on GPI. The findings provide empirical evidence for local governments and businesses to promote green consumption in the region. |
| Keywords: | Attitude toward green products; Environmental concern; Green purchase intention; Perceived consumers effectiveness; Perceived environmental knowledge. |
| JEL: | M11 M31 Q02 Q56 |
| Date: | 2022–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112355&r= |
| By: | Mai, Nhat Chi |
| Abstract: | The next pages are printouts from the RePEc IDEAS datasets for the top 25% of the institutions and authors from Vietnam as of February 2022. The data are extracted today, March 8, 2022. |
| Date: | 2022–03–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:973h4&r= |
| By: | Sharpe, Samantha.; Retamal, Monique.; Martinez Fernandez, Maria Cristina. |
| Abstract: | Environmental regulations provide protection for both environmental assets and the livelihoods of communities that depend on these assets. The analysis evaluates the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) processes for proponents of industrial projects in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia and Viet Nam. The paper finds that enhanced environmental outcomes can be achieved by greater awareness among proponents of the links between environmental management (as facilitated by the EIA process) and sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | environmental protection, cloting industry, textile industry, pollution control |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:995169492402676&r= |
| By: | Jong, Hilda Yanuar |
| Abstract: | The US–China trade war creates significant opportunities for developing countries, as global manufacturers need to relocate their production facilities out of China to avoid future tariff hikes. However, Indonesia as the biggest economy in the ASEAN is not experiencing any substantial advantage relative to its neighbors, especially compared to Vietnam. While there is no clarity on how long the trade war will last, it is important for Indonesia to strategize quickly to capitalize the opportunities. This article addresses the question of how Indonesia should strategize through country comparison and analysis of two types of policy competition, namely, incentives-based (IBC) and rules-based competition (RBC). In the short-term, Indonesia should be more accommodating for investors of all sizes and maximize the trade-related investment assistance. In the longer term, Indonesia should prudently open up to trade, improve cooperation between investment and trade functions, and build a positive public mindset for free trade. |
| Keywords: | FDI; free trade; Southeast Asia; strategy; trade war |
| JEL: | L81 |
| Date: | 2021–08–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:114464&r= |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | As elsewhere, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to tragic loss of life and triggered a major economic downturn in Indonesia. The authorities have responded with a bold and comprehensive policy package that has successfully maintained economic and financial stability. With the recovery underway, they have begun to withdraw the exceptional support measures. Nevertheless, the pandemic has caused scarring and reinforced the need to tackle longstanding structural challenges. |
| Date: | 2022–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2022/084&r= |
| By: | Rapanna, Patta |
| Abstract: | Pelayanan publik pada dasarnya menyangkut aspek kehidupan yang sangat luas dan juga merupakan salah satu unsur yang mendorong perubahan kualitas Pemerintahan Daerah. Bagaimanapun kecilnya suatu negara, negara tarsebut tetap akan membagi–bagi pemerintahan menjadi sistem yang lebih kecil (Pemerintahan Daerah) untuk memudahkan pelimpahan tugas dan wewenang. Pembagian daerah Indonesia atas daerah besar dan kecil dengan bentuk susunan pemerintahannya ditetapkan dengan undang–undang, dengan memandang dan mengingati dasar permusyawaratan dalam sistem pemerintahan negara, dan hak–hak asal–usul dalam daerah yang bersifat istimewa. Dalam kehidupan bernegara, maka pemerintah memiliki fungsi memberikan berbagai pelayanan publik yang diperlukan oleh masyarakat, mulai dari pelayanan dalam bentuk pengaturan atau pun pelayanan–pelayanan lain dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dalam bidang pendidikan, kesehatan, utilitas dan lainnya. |
| Date: | 2022–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:b9des&r= |
| By: | Haya, Nur Anni |
| Abstract: | Di dalam sistem perekonomian Indonesia dikenal ada tiga pilar yang menyangga perekonomian. Ketiga pilar itu adalah Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN), Badan Usaha Milik Swasta (BUMS), termasuk UMKM, dan koperasi. Koperasi salah satu bagian dari pilar yang menyangga perekonomian Indonesia, berarti dalam kegiatannya koperasi ikut mengambil bagian untuk tercapainya kehidupan ekonomi yang sejahtera, baik bagi orang yang menjadi anggota perkumpulan itu khususnya maupun bagi masyarakat disekitar umumnya. Koperasi adalah tempat bagi orang-orang yang memiliki penghasilan rendah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka dan berusaha untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan mereka Pada tahun 1967, dibuat Undang - Undang No. 12 Tahun 1967 tentang Pokok-Pokok Perkoperasian. Namun Undang-undang ini diubah dan diganti dengan Undang-undang Nomor 25 Tahun 1992 tentang Perkoperasian. Undang-undang ini mengatur perkoperasian sampai sekarang. Koperasi mempunyai peranan yang cukup besar dalam pertumbuhan perekonomian Indonesi, adapun peran yang dimiliki koperasi Syariah yaitu (1) Koperasi syariah berperan dalam keadilan masyarakat, (2) Koperasi syariah memiliki peran dalam kegiatan pendidikan, (3) Koperasi syariah memiliki peran dalam kesejahteraan dan perekonomian suatu negara. |
| Date: | 2022–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:yrq2a&r= |
| By: | Brian McCaig; Minh Nguyen; Robert Kaestner |
| Abstract: | We examine how export expansion induced by the U.S-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) affected migration, school enrollment, work and healthcare use of young children and adolescents in Vietnam. To do so, we exploit variation in tariff reductions across industries associated with the BTA and differences in industry employment shares across Vietnamese provinces prior to the policy change. We find that the BTA led to migration to the most affected provinces, particularly by adolescents (15 to 18) and young adults (19 to 29). The BTA also increased household expenditures, slightly decreased employment among nonmigrant adults and increased employment among migrant adults. Among adolescents, enrolment increased among non-migrants, but fell among migrants, with the opposite pattern for working. For children (7 to 14), enrolment did not change among non-migrants, but fell for migrants, who typically moved with their family. Conditional on being enrolled, education expenditures increased for both children and adolescents. We find evidence that healthcare utilization decreased for both children and adolescents. |
| JEL: | F16 I25 O15 |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29830&r= |
| By: | Rea, Farhan Rajal Tuha |
| Abstract: | Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat membuat elemen masyarakat dituntut untuk dapat beradaptasi di zaman ini. Terlebih kondisi dan situasi pandemi membuat aktivitas masyarakat menjadi terbatas. Dua hal ini memberikan dampak yang signifikan yakni, ekonomi, sosial budaya, dan pendidikan. Dari segi kebutuhan umat pun tak lepas dari peran teknologi, baik dari kebutuhan berskala mikro hingga kebutuhan negara. Airlangga Hartanto yakni MENTERI Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian menaksir bahwa selama pandemi membuat transformasi perilaku masyarakat yang menjadikan peluang bagi sektor keuangan digital. Perubahan ini juga lebih mendukung ke arah pemanfaatan Financial Technology maupun sektor perbankan yang berimplikasi pada pemanfaatan dan pemberdayaan ZISWAF. |
| Date: | 2022–02–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:egvh9&r= |
| By: | , Indi |
| Abstract: | Koperasi merupakan usaha bersama dari sekolompok orang yang mempunyai kepentingan yang sama dengan tujuan meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggotanya. Koperasi merupakan gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan atas asas kekeluargaan. Koperasi di Indonesia saat ini telah berkembang dengan pesat karena para anggota-anggotanya yang terdiri dari masyarakat umum telah mengetahui manfaat dari pendirian koperasi tersebut, yang dapat membantu perekonomian dan mengembangkan kreatifitas masing-masing anggota. Upaya dari pendirian koperasi ini sangat menguntungkan bagi masyarakat untuk lebih memahami koperasi. Ciri utama dari koperasi yang membedakannya dengan badan usaha lainnya (non koperasi) adalah posisi anggota. Dalam UU No. 25 tahun 1992 tentang perkoperasian disebutkan bahwa, anggota koperasi adalah pemilik dan sekaligus pengguna jasa koperasi. |
| Date: | 2022–03–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:c3kzj&r= |
| By: | Rasyid, Andi Syahrul Ramadhan |
| Abstract: | Koperasi merupakan usaha bersama dari sekolompok orang yang mempunyai kepentingan yang sama dengan tujuan meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggotanya. Koperasi merupakan gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan atas asas kekeluargaan. Koperasi di Indonesia saat ini telah berkembang dengan pesat karena para anggota-anggotanya yang terdiri dari masyarakat umum telah mengetahui manfaat dari pendirian koperasi tersebut, yang dapat membantu perekonomian dan mengembangkan kreatifitas masing-masing anggota. Upaya dari pendirian koperasi ini sangat menguntungkan bagi masyarakat untuk lebih memahami koperasi. Ciri utama dari koperasi yang membedakannya dengan badan usaha lainnya (non koperasi) adalah posisi anggota. Dalam UU No. 25 tahun 1992 tentang perkoperasian disebutkan bahwa, anggota koperasi adalah pemilik dan sekaligus pengguna jasa koperasi |
| Date: | 2022–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:usmdc&r= |
| By: | , Asniar |
| Abstract: | Koperasi, baik sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat maupun sebagai badan usaha berperan serta untuk mewujudkan masyarakat yang maju, adil dan makmur berlandaskan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dalam tata perekonomian nasional yang disusun sebagai usaha bersama berdasar atas asas kekeluargaan dan demokrasi ekonomi; bahwa Koperasi perlu lebih membangun dirinya dan dibangun menjadi kuat dan mandiri berdasarkan prinsip Koperasi sehingga mampu berperan sebagai sokoguru perekonomian nasional. Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), perlu diselenggarakan secara menyeluruh, optimal, dan berkesinambungan melalui pengembangan iklim yang kondusif, pemberian kesempatan berusaha, dukungan, perlindungan, dan pengembangan usaha seluas-luasnya, sehingga mampu meningkatkan kedudukan, peran, dan potensi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah dalam mewujudkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, pemerataan dan peningkatan pendapatan rakyat, penciptaan lapangan kerja, dan pengentasan kemiskinan. |
| Date: | 2022–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:wp7ec&r= |
| By: | Jannah, Miftahul |
| Abstract: | Koperasi merupakan usaha bersama dari sekolompok orang yang mempunyai kepentingan yang sama dengan tujuan meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggotanya. Koperasi merupakan gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan atas asas kekeluargaan. Koperasi di Indonesia saat ini telah berkembang dengan pesat karena para anggota-anggotanya yang terdiri dari masyarakat umum telah mengetahui manfaat dari pendirian koperasi tersebut, yang dapat membantu perekonomian dan mengembangkan kreatifitas masing-masing anggota. Upaya dari pendirian koperasi ini sangat menguntungkan bagi masyarakat untuk lebih memahami koperasi. Ciri utama dari koperasi yang membedakannya dengan badan usaha lainnya (non koperasi) adalah posisi anggota. Dalam UU No. 25 tahun 1992 tentang perkoperasian disebutkan bahwa, anggota koperasi adalah pemilik dan sekaligus pengguna jasa koperasi. |
| Date: | 2022–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:pbwy3&r= |
| By: | Halim, Ismail |
| Abstract: | Koperasi sudah lama dikenal masyarakat Indonesia. Entitas yang menjalankan prinsip kekerabatan ini juga telah berbuat banyak untuk meningkatkan ekonomi dan pembangunan nasional masyarakat. Koperasi adalah badan hukum yang berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan, dan anggotanya terdiri dari orang perseorangan atau badan hukum dengan tujuan memajukan anggotanya. Pada umumnya koperasi diurus bersama oleh semua anggota, dan setiap anggota mempunyai hak suara yang sama dalam segala keputusan yang dibuat oleh koperasi. Bagi hasil koperasi biasanya disebut sebagai sisa laba operasi atau SHU dan biasanya dihitung berdasarkan stok. Dalam konteks sejarah, kita mengakui bahwa ada dua sistem ekonomi. Yang paling ekstrem adalah kapitalisme dan sosialisme. Dalam pengembangan berikutnya adalah ekonomi campuran yang mencoba menggabungkan dua sistem ekstrim. Sejarah koperasi Tidak dapat dipisahkan dari hubungannya dengan perkembangan sosialisme. Koperasi menjadi makmur pada awal abad ke-19 sebagai hasil dari upaya sukarela orang-orang dengan kemampuan ekonomi terbatas dan sebagai akibat dari kesulitan sosial-ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh sistem kapitalis. Kemudian mereka bersatu untuk membantu diri mereka sendiri dan berpartisipasi dalam pembangunan kesejahteraan di masyarakat sekitar. Adapun jenis-jenis koperasi di Indonesia ialah, Koperasi Konsumen, Koperasi Produsen, Koperasi Jasa, Koperasi Simpan Pinjam, dan Koperasi Serba Usaha. |
| Date: | 2022–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:kpvgt&r= |
| By: | Suzei Mat Nurudin (Faculty of Administrative Science and Administrative Study, University Technology MARA, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Dr. Zarina Mohd Zain Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Administrative Science and Administrative Study, University Technology MARA, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Nor Suhaiza Md. Khalid Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Administrative Science and Administrative Study, University Technology MARA, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Rasukhan Safiin Author-4-Workplace-Name: Licencing Department, Ketereh District Council, 16450, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Local governments in Malaysia are regulated under the Local Government Act 1976 and each has its power to enact by-laws under their respective administration area. By-law is a formulation of the law under the jurisdiction of local government in performing its duties and functions covering the administrative area that has been identified by the state government. The objectives of this study are to review the extent and the impact of the by-laws implemented by the local government in Kelantan in influencing and shaping the behavior of the local societies and has been conducted as an empirical study. Methodology/Technique - Purposive sampling was used in selecting the targeted respondents in gathering their feedback towards the by-laws implementation and managed to get 76 respondents. Finding - The feedback gathered shows that the local communities are well exposed and giving good responses to the by-laws implementation impact. Kota Bharu Municipal Council of Islamic City (MPKB-BRI) has succeeded in becoming the pioneer in the implementation and enforcement of by-laws that emphasized the teachings of Islamic values and were followed and emulated by other local governments in Kelantan. Novelty - Besides that, the good practice also has been followed by some other local governments in other states such as Terengganu, Kedah, and Melaka. By-laws implemented by the local government in Kelantan is very much different compared to local governments in other states in Malaysia which are the provisions of the by-laws that focus on the Islamic approach which somehow do give some impact to the local communities." |
| Keywords: | Local Government; By-Laws; Islamic Approach; Jurisdiction; Behavior |
| JEL: | A13 D1 |
| Date: | 2022–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr607&r= |
| By: | Jannah, Miftahul |
| Abstract: | Koperasi adalah sebuah organisasi Kerjasama antar anggota yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan bagi para anggotanya. Koperasi pada awalnya terbentuk karena adanya ketidakadilan dalam pelaksanaan sistem ekonomi. Pada pertengahan abad ke-18 kemajuan teknologi dan penetahuan telah mengubah wajah dunia. Berbagai penemuan di bidang teknologi telah mengubah wajah ekonomi yang baru. Tatanan dunia ekonomi menjadi terpusat pada keuntungan perseorangan, yaitu kaum pemilik modal dimana mereka memanfaatkan penemuan baru tersebut dengan sebaik-baiknya untuk memperkaya dirinya dan memperkuat kedudukan ekonominya. Hasrat serakah ini melahirkan persaingan bebas yang tidak terbatas. Akibat hal tersebut, beberapa orang yang penghidupannya sederhana dengan kemampuan ekonomi terbatas, terdorong untuk mempersetaukan diri dan menolong dirinya sendiri serta manusia laun dengan cara mendirikan koperasi. |
| Date: | 2022–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:mt8bj&r= |
| By: | khasanah, uswatun |
| Abstract: | Mewujudkan kemaslahatan adalah kata kunci bagi manusia dalam merealisasikan kebaikan itu sendiri. Karena prinsip kemaslahatan adalah pangkal konsep tujuan syariah (maqashid syariah). Adapun pijakan kemaslahatan bersumber dari al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits yang kemudian dari keduanya manusia berijtihad untuk menentukan kemaslahatan yang diidealisasikan dalam hidup dan kehidupannya. Wacana konsep maqashid syariah awal-awalnya adalah sub topik tersendiri dalam disiplin ilmu Ushul Fiqh. Geliat Ekonomi Islam di Indonesia dalam lima belas tahun terakhir ini, mengalami perkembangan signifikan baik dalam tataran teori dan praktik. euforia terma ekonomi Islam, hanya dibarengi dengan bermunculnya lembaga-lembaga keuangan Syariah saja. Hal ini adalah sebuah ironi. Salah satu bentuk kerjasama ekonomi yang paling cocok untuk memberdayakan rakyat kecil adalah koperasi. Karena di dalam koperasi dapat ditemukan prinsip dan nilai-nilai kebersamaan, gotong royong dan kesejahteraan bersama. Bung Hatta memberikan perhatian khusus terhadap koperasi sebagai kerjasama ekonomi yang ideal. |
| Date: | 2022–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:r57xp&r= |
| By: | Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul |
| Abstract: | The dawn of the new industrial era (Fourth Industrial Revolution or 4 IR, Industry 4.0, “McLuhan” stage) characterised by IT-based modern technologies and global value chains has regained the Asian economic strength. Overarching impact of 4 IR is expected on the physical, digital and biological world. Several Asian countries have maintained high growth and have displayed true globalization by possessing elements and desiderata of the 4 IR. Asia has also displayed its innovative strength in many determinants of 4 IR. Although a gradual transition from labour to capital to talent is slated to happen, Asia will have its own amalgam of the three case-by-case. For example, some Asian countries have demographic assets to use labour in low-skill jobs and they will continue to compete as low-cost manufacturing hubs for a substantially long period despite high proportion of ageing people and less birth rate. Human talent-intensive services like healthcare and education stand to benefit from 4 IR by way of cost-reduction but concerted efforts of public and private sectors are needed in these areas. Unemployment and inequality may rise initially but may be offset to a sizeable extent by new jobs and engagements and also by reorientation of knowledge, skill and attitude, the three realms of education, through continuous training, skill upgradation and self-renewal. There could be eugenic effects such as defect-rectification at early developmental stages and ultimately moving towards designer human beings in the long long run. Significant role of the state, policy and mode of governance was observed in bringing about the 4 IR. It is hoped that while thriving on the fruits of 4 IR, all stakeholders would also unite for maintaining a vigil and holding up the human values like conscience, creativity and empathy to mar the possible ill-effects of the 4IR that could be dreaded in its most dehumanized form in the long run. |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:g9tv5&r= |
| By: | Elisabet Siahaan (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 20155, Medan, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Parapat Gultom Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 20155, Medan, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Khaira Amalia Fachrudin Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 20155, Medan, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Ance M.D. Sitohang Author-4-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 20155, Medan, Indonesia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This study aims to recommend success factors that can optimize job satisfaction and lecturer performance to improve the quality of educational services. Methodology/Technique - This research uses a descriptive method and quantitative analysis. The research was conducted on 311 lecturers at the Universitas Sumatera Utara. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. The model was evaluated using path analysis and the Sobel test to evaluate the significance of the intervening variables. Finding - The results showed that the quality of organizational relationships significantly affected lecturers' job satisfaction. It has proven the importance of good organizational relations on lecturers to achieve job satisfaction. The level of work stress has no significant effect on job satisfaction and lecturer performance. It shows that work stress experienced by lecturers has not been able to affect job satisfaction and lecturer performance significantly. Novelty - This study also proves that lecturer job satisfaction has a positive, significant, and dominant effect on lecturer performance in higher education. The more satisfied lecturers are with their work, the more enthusiastic they will perform better. Thus, it is essential to manage lecturer satisfaction while managing work stress and organizational relationships. This study suggests that universities be careful in building good relationships with their lecturers. Happy lecturers will achieve higher levels of performance and create higher competitiveness. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Lecturers; Job Stress; Job Satisfaction; Performance; Quality of Organizational Relationships |
| JEL: | J28 J29 |
| Date: | 2022–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr608&r= |
| By: | Arief, A. Anggie Zabrina |
| Abstract: | Sharia cooperative is one of the non-governmental groups that aims as a people's economic institution to develop productive and investment businesses and improve living standards based on sharia principles. In the rapid development of Islamic cooperatives, Islamic cooperatives still have many obstacles in their development, both from internal and external sides. Meanwhile, MSME is a business or business whose actors are individuals, groups, or business entities. The classification in MSMEs is divided depending on the income or assets owned each year. Empowerment of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and sharia cooperatives is a strategic step in improving and strengthening the basic economic life of the majority of the Indonesian people, particularly through providing employment opportunities and reducing inequality and poverty levels through sharia principles. Keyword : Cooperatives, Sharia Cooperatives, SMEs |
| Date: | 2022–03–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:u9s6j&r= |
| By: | Sharpe, Samantha.; Veem, Katarina.; Kallio, Karina.; Martinez Fernandez, Maria Cristina. |
| Abstract: | The impact of COVID-19 on the textile and garment sector in Asian countries has been and continues to be immense, and may last for a very long time. While countries in the West are emerging from the pandemic with some optimism that life will soon return to pre-pandemic levels, new COVID-19 outbreaks in Asia are pushed back hopes for a recovery in 2021 and the health and mental effects in communities are challenging pre-pandemic achievements related to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the textile and garment sector, specifically the employment and enterprise impacts, and contextualizes these within the wider development impacts of the sector – social, economic and environmental; both positive and negative – to ask the question: how sustainable is the sector? A Just Transition for the garment industry in Asia is critical as the sector seeks to recover from the impacts of COVID-19. This recovery comes also in a critical decade of action for achieving the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals, both of which will also alter the future of work in the sector. The pandemic has highlighted that vulnerability is not equally shared across the supply chain, so too for carbon emissions, with emissions concentrating in specific production activities, and these activities geographically concentrated in certain hot-spots – areas that are both highly reliant on the textile and garment sector, but also highly vulnerable to supply chain disruptions and other impacts on the sector. This creates a strong spatial dimension to the need for planning for a Just Transition in the industry; hot spots in local areas can be turned into opportunities for accelerated community action to “build back better”. |
| Keywords: | clothing industry, employment, enterprise, sustainable development, COVID-19 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:995169793402676&r= |
| By: | Igarashi, Takiko (Asian Development Bank Institute); Takeda, Asami (Asian Development Bank Institute); Truong, Hoa T. (Asian Development Bank Institute); Sonobe, Tetsushi (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | Since the first quarter of 2020, micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in developing countries have faced significant hardship due to the economic shocks related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions arise, however, regarding the extent to which MSMEs’ hardship has varied between sectors and between countries over time, whether it is gender neutral, whether the digitalization of MSMEs could alleviate it, and whether government support has reached MSMEs. We answer these questions using new survey data from eight developing Asian countries around the middle and toward the end of 2020. We found a wide variation in the severity of and responses to the pandemic impacts on MSMEs between sectors and between countries. Turning to common trends, our significant findings were as follows. First, MSMEs’ sales and non-permanent employment tended to recover toward late 2020. Second, despite the general trend, the pandemic shocks concentrated on hard-hit industries, such as food processing, textiles, tourism, food and drink services, and education, which even deteriorated in the second half of 2020. Third, women-led enterprises remained vulnerable, exhibiting bleak prospects for sales or more job cuts than men-led but otherwise similar enterprises. Fourth, the digitalization intensity had a nonlinear relationship with MSMEs’ sales and employment, suggesting that online sales beyond a certain threshold, around 40% of the total sales, could generate more revenues and jobs for MSMEs. Last, the number of MSMEs receiving support from their governments increased in the second half of 2020. Still, such support did not effectively reach the most affected or vulnerable MSMEs. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19; MSMEs; layoffs; cash shortage; digitalization |
| JEL: | D22 J63 L25 O53 |
| Date: | 2022–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1286&r= |
| By: | Balisacan, Arsenio |
| Abstract: | Competition law—also known as antitrust in some jurisdictions—has become part of governments’ policy arsenal to achieve efficient and welfare-improving market outcomes. From only a handful of economies in North America and Europe, the adoption of competition law and policy has spread rapidly to Asian economies since 1990. Like their Western counterparts several decades earlier, most Asian jurisdictions have exempted agriculture, albeit in varying degrees, from the prohibitions of competition law, such as those involving the exercise of market power by farmers’ associations. Public choice considerations suggest that the exemption serves as a countervailing force for the farmers’ comparatively weak position in the balance of political influence for agricultural policy and in bargaining power over the more concentrated wholesale-retail segments of the agri-food value chain. Farm heterogeneity and farm-operation consolidation, induced in part by the economy’s structural transformation, weaken the case for broad exemption. |
| Keywords: | Competition policy, competition law, antitrust, political economy, agricultural development, Asia |
| JEL: | K21 L40 O13 O53 |
| Date: | 2022–03–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112650&r= |
| By: | Sriti Mayang Sari (Interior Design Department of Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Poppy Firtatwentyna Nilasari Author-2-Workplace-Name: Interior Design Department of Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Purnama Esa Dora Tedjokoesoemo Author-3-Workplace-Name: Interior Design Department of Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - The purpose of this research is to discover the ways to implement aspects of interior branding in the interior of commercial and retail spaces. It seeks to articulate how space as an interior branding medium can convey the message of retail owners to visitors through retail interior design. Methodology/Technique - This study uses the descriptive qualitative method with the Tiara Handycraft Store as a case study. Data collection was achieved by conducting interviews with retail managers and visitors, and field observations. The data were analyzed descriptively to elaborate on how to apply every aspect of interior branding in the interior design of the Tiara Handicraft Store. Data analysis in this study was performed based on Kim Kuthteubl's aspects of interior branding, namely: clear vision, unique story, and energy. Findings - The results of this study indicate that the interior design of the Tiara Handicraft Store has implemented the interior branding aspects of clear vision, unique story, and energy. The combination of these three aspects in the interior design of this store has supported the construction of the identity or brand of the store through the media of its interior space. This application can be seen in the selection of shapes, colors, materials for interior elements, organization of space, and arrangement of furniture and displays. An ambiance of cheerfulness, fun, and comfort has been formed with the play of bright color compositions, patterns, and materials of the interior spatial elements. In this design, space as an interior branding medium conveyed stories, messages from shop owners to visitors through the ambiance, logos, signage, and other interior elements such as the decorative Tiara Handicraft's wall of fame. Through this wall, visitors were entertained with the idea that every item created has its own story, that there is a creative process behind every artwork, and that there are job opportunities for people with disabilities, encouraging a call for social awareness. It is this story or message that uniquely distinguishes Tiara Handicraft Store from other stores in general. Novelty - This study provides insight and is expected to bring awareness to interior designers about the importance of implementing holistic interior branding in retail interior design to increase the value of their designs. Type of Paper - Review" |
| Keywords: | Commercial interiors; Interior Branding; Retail space; Commercial Space, Clear Vision, Unique Story, Energy |
| JEL: | D02 M31 M39 |
| Date: | 2022–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr289&r= |
| By: | Noorul Huda Sahari (Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Baterah Alias Author-2-Workplace-Name: Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Suliah Mohd Aris Author-3-Workplace-Name: Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Zakiah Samori Author-4-Workplace-Name: Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-5-Name: Nur Hafizah Harun Author-5-Workplace-Name: Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Women with careers nowadays play an important role in their household income to support breadwinner husbands in easing the financial burden of families. To achieve the role, women are empowered to be independent and not too dependent on others by handing over the duty to generate a family income solely to their husbands. With low physical, financial, and human capital, and limited social and economic networks in Pulau Tuba, Langkawi, when the socio-economy activities of its majority Muslim population depend on agriculture, aquaculture, and tourism, the activities should be expanded to potential activities to increase family income since the island is well known with its natural resources. Women on the island also identify less participate in increasing the family income. Thus, this study aims to identify the potential activities for family income upgrading and determine factors for women's empowerment to support family income and the success of the activities. Methodology - To achieve the objective the study adopts quantitative research where the data were collected through a survey to randomly selected 150 respondents out of 4350 Pulau Tuba total population. The questionnaires are distributed to respondents through face to face by the representatives of the research team in November 2020. The collected data has been analyzed by descriptive, correlation, and regression analysis using Statistical Package for The Social Science (SPPS) tool version 21. Findings - The finding shows that women in Pulau Tuba are more inclined to increase their daily and family income in marketing, sales, livestock, and fisheries. Moving on, the environmental factor is the most effective because of its higher correlation value than the family factor and environmental factors that contribute significantly to improving family income in Pulau Tuba. Therefore, it is suggested to put effort to enhance awareness among women through appropriate workshops on marketing with large-scale participation. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Household Income; Family economy; Pulau Tuba; Women; Women Empowerment |
| JEL: | O11 O4 |
| Date: | 2022–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber217&r= |
| By: | Kuno, Genta; , Pradipto |
| Abstract: | Urban scaling analysis has shown that various aggregated urban quantities obey power-law relationships with the population size. Despite the rapid progress, direct empirical evidence that shows how the power-law exponents $\beta$ depend on the cities microstructure has been lacking. Moreover, urban scaling studies are hardly reproduced in developing countries due to inadequate official statistics. We tackle these issues by performing urban scaling analysis on Indonesian cities using globally harmonized functional cities delineations and global-scale gridded Gross Domestic Product (GDP) datasets. First, we observe that the GDP and area of Indonesian cities scale linearly with the population size. For GDP in particular, the deviations from the scaling law follow a geographical pattern. Second, we determine the economic hotspots in each city and observe that the area of the hotspots scales mildly sublinear with the population size. Interestingly, the GDP of hotspots scales sublinearly with the population size, indicating a physical growth of hotspots that is not followed by the increasing returns due to scaling. Third, by classifying the cities based on the GDP microstructure in two dimensions (heterogeneity and spatial dispersion) and examining the scaling exponents of each class, we discover a non-trivial relation between scaling behavior and the GDP microstructure. Spatial dispersion strongly affects the scaling behavior in heterogeneous cities, while such effect is weakened for homogeneous cities. Finally, we find that the scaling effect in terms of economies of scale (sublinearity of area) and increasing returns (superlinearity of GDP) is stronger for cities with spatially compact GDP distribution. |
| Date: | 2022–03–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:uhdkm&r= |
| By: | Berry, Fiona.; Sharpe, Samantha.; Martinez Fernandez, Maria Cristina. |
| Abstract: | The increasing social and environmental impacts of the textile and garment supply chain are well known and have resulted in the development of an array of initiatives, tools and assessment platforms to enhance the sustainability of the sector. There is a great deal of diversity in these initiatives, including differences in their focus, the actors involved, who the beneficiaries are, the longevity of the activities and how they define and measure success. The paper highlights where there might be gaps in the current offerings of initiatives, and what types of initiatives have alignment with MSMEs knowledge and learning needs, as a way to highlight where future attention in developing new or enhanced initiatives might lie. |
| Keywords: | environmental protection, clothing industry, texile industry, innovation |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:995169492602676&r= |
| By: | Barlow, Pepita; Gleeson, Deborah; O'Brien, Paula; Labonte, Ronald |
| Abstract: | Background: Accelerating progress to implement effective alcohol policies is necessary to achieve multiple targets within the WHO global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and the Sustainable Development Goals. However, the alcohol industry's role in shaping alcohol policy through international avenues, such as trade fora, is poorly understood. We investigate whether the World Trade Organization (WTO) is a forum for alcohol industry influence over alcohol policy. Methods: In this qualitative analysis, we studied discussions on alcohol health warning labelling policies that occurred at the WTO's Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee meetings. Using the WTO Documents Online archive, we searched the written minutes of all TBT Committee meetings available from Jan 1, 1995, to Dec 31, 2019, to identify minutes and referenced documents pertaining to discussions on health warning labelling policies. We specifically sought WTO member statements on health warning labelling policies. We identified instances in which WTO member representatives indicated that their statements represented industry. We further developed and applied a taxonomy of industry rhetoric to identify whether WTO member statements advanced arguments made by industry in domestic forums. Findings: Among 83 documents, comprising TBT Committee minutes, notifications to the WTO of the policy proposal, and written comments by WTO members, WTO members made 212 statements (between March 24, 2010, and Nov 15, 2019) on ten alcohol labelling policies proposed by Thailand, Kenya, the Dominican Republic, Israel, Turkey, Mexico, India, South Africa, Ireland, and South Korea. WTO members stated that their claims represented industry in seven (3·3%) of 212 statements, and 117 (55·2%) statements featured industry arguments. Member statements featured many arguments used by industry in domestic policy forums to stall alcohol policy. Arguments focused on descaling and reframing the nature and causes of alcohol-related problems, promoting alternative policies such as information campaigns, promoting industry partnerships, questioning the evidence, and emphasising manufacturing and wider economic costs and harms. Interpretation: WTO discussions at TBT Committee meetings on alcohol health warnings advanced arguments used by the alcohol industry in domestic settings to prevent potentially effective alcohol policies. WTO members appeared to be influenced by alcohol industry interests, although only a minority of challenges explicitly referenced industry demands. Increased transparency about vested interests might be needed to overcome industry influence. Funding: None. |
| JEL: | L81 |
| Date: | 2022–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:113820&r= |
| By: | Sharpe, Samantha.; Dominish, Elsa.; Martinez Fernandez, Maria Cristina. |
| Abstract: | This paper examines carbon emissions across the garment sector as counted using the two prominent methodologies for calculating emissions – the life cycle assessment (LCA) and carbon accounting in line with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into where and why the carbon intensity of textiles and garments varies across the supply chain and where activities to decarbonize the sector should be prioritized. |
| Keywords: | environmental protection, clothing industry, textile industry, pollution control |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:995169492502676&r= |
| By: | Duong, Cong Thuy; Dung, Doan Thu; Dương, Phan Thùy; Duong, Nguyen Cam; Dung, Nguyen Tan |
| Abstract: | Một số giải pháp của chính phủ Từ điều tra của Tổng cục Thống kê (thời điểm từ 10/4/2020 đến 20/4/2020) theo hình thức trực tuyến với 126.565 doanh nghiệp tham gia khảo sát, ta thấy để ứng phó với những tác động từ dịch bệnh COVID-19 có: 66,8% số doanh nghiệp chọn việc triển khai các giải pháp liên quan đến vấn đề lao động; 44,7% số doanh nghiệp tiến hành biện pháp nâng góp phần nâng cao trình độ chuyên môn cũng như tay nghề cho người lao động; 5,4% doanh nghiệp áp dụng phương pháp chuyển đổi sản phẩm chủ lực; 7,7% doanh nghiệp áp dụng việc chọn nguyên liệu đầu vào từ những thị trường mới; 17% doanh nghiệp tìm thị trường đầu ra ngoài những thị trường là đối tác lâu dài.(BT (tổng hợp), 2020). |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:kbxra&r= |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Selected Issues |
| Date: | 2022–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2022/085&r= |
| By: | Idris, Muhammad; , Maryadi; Firman, Ahmad; Hidayat, Muhammad (STIE Nobel Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | The aims of this study is to examine and to analyze the influence of Transformational Leadership Style, Organizational Culture, and Work Motivation on Employee Performance and the influence of transformational leadership styles, organizational culture through mediating work motivation on employee performance at developer companies in Makassar. The current research design applied quantitative approach and data collection was conducted survey method by using questionnaire instrument. The study involved 101 developer employees chosen by proportional simple random sampling. Data analysis method used in testing the hypotheses is Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). Result of this study indicates that transformational leadership style has a positive and significant effect on organizational culture. Transformational leadership style has a positive and significant effect on work motivation. Transformational leadership style has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Organizational culture has no effect on work motivation. Organizational Culture has no effect on Employee Performance. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Transformational leadership styles may have a direct effect on employee performance as well as through work motivation. Work motivation is not a mediating variable (non-mediation) of the relationship between organizational culture and employee performance. |
| Date: | 2022–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:wrzqg&r= |
| By: | Irina Kozlovtceva (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation); Henry Penikas (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation); Ekaterina Petreneva (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation); Yulia Ushakova (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation) |
| Abstract: | We use the Russian banks’ 2015-2019 data to evaluate the effectiveness of the macro- prudential measures in curbing the booming consumer lending segment. We find that the measures are successful in reducing the overall loan portfolio riskiness and in capital cushion accumulation by banks. In the short-run of up to 1-2 quarters after the measure announcement date banks tend to reduce both the new loan volumes and the average consumer loan portfolio growth rate. Such reduction is more typical with the smallest market players. However, in the longer time horizon up to a year from the measure application date we observe the increase in the average credit growth rates. Such findings correspond to the experience of the emerging markets of Argentine, Colombia, Thailand. In general, we consider that the observed credit growth after the measure implementation is smaller than it could have been without the measures in place. We also expect that the observed lending growth rate brings less financial instability risks and it reflects the potential for the natural loan extension in Russia. |
| Keywords: | financial stability, risk-weight, consumer loan, macroprudential |
| JEL: | G21 G28 G32 |
| Date: | 2020–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bkr:wpaper:wps62&r= |
| By: | payona, Bandong |
| Abstract: | Koperasi sebagai lembaga ekonomi rakyat yang telah lama dikenal diindonesia yang dikenal sebagai bapak koperasi, mengatakan bahwa koperasi adalah Badan Usaha Bersama yang bergerak dalam bidang perekonomian. Koperasi syariah mulai diperbincangkan banyak orang ketika menyikapi semaraknya pertumbuhan Baitul Maal Wattamwil yang dikenal dengan sebutan BMT. |
| Date: | 2022–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:y9v52&r= |
| By: | Lekfuangfu, Warn N. (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid); Powdthavee, Nattavudh (University of Warwick); Riyanto, Yohanes E. (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) |
| Abstract: | We experimentally investigate whether people generally perceive inheritance as effort-induced or luck-induced. By randomly matched two strangers in a lab setting, we test whether the sources of opportunity handed down from the 'testator' subjects determines later redistributive decisions among the 'heir' subjects. On average, redistribution is highest among the heirs whose chance of winning is determined by the pure luck of the paired testator. In contrast, our subjects treat inherited opportunity generated by effort of someone else who they are artificially linked with as relatively fair. Our results suggest that people would feel entitled to bequests and inheritance unless the randomness of inheritance has been made salient to them. |
| Keywords: | inheritance, fairness, redistribution, experiment, inequality of opportunity |
| JEL: | D64 H2 |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15125&r= |