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on South East Asia |
| By: | Sumardi (Universitas Jember, Jalan Kalimantan No. 37 Tegalboto, 68121, Jember, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Aryni Ayu Author-2-Workplace-Name: Universitas Jember, Jalan Kalimantan No. 37 Tegalboto, 68121, Jember, Indonesia Author-3-Name: M. Naim Author-3-Workplace-Name: Universitas Jember, Jalan Kalimantan No. 37 Tegalboto, 68121, Jember, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This study aims to analyse the Colonial Drain process to prove the colonial land profits based on the theoretical framework. The Surplus Colonial Profit is conceptualized through the term "colonial drain". The study uses historical economics based on the theories of Lenin Imperialism and Gramsci's Hegemony. Methodology/Technique - This research will draw upon both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources include official and organizational publications including The Netherlands-Indies. The secondary sources include all relevant published and unpublished materials collected from diverse sources. Finding - The calculation of the surplus of colonial profits is scrutinized using historical causality by Gramsci's Hegemony theory to strengthen the data where the profits are obtained from public and private companies, and beyond predictions, "private profits" became the biggest commodity. Research Limitations / Implications - This research provides a basis for determining the direction of Indonesia's future economic development, and can also be a consideration of recent Indonesian lawsuits regarding Dutch debt, and can be a useful for reference material for further research. Novelty - Royal Dutch wealth was obtained from international trade and shipping of goods to Europe and ranges from 5.29 billion in 1878-1939 in the trade, services, international shipping sectors for and from Indonesia. This means that about 1 billion guilders missed from the recording of previous research that was around 4.12 billion. |
| Keywords: | Colonial Drain; Profits; Surplus; Metropolitan Economics; Dutch. |
| JEL: | N00 N |
| Date: | 2019–06–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber172&r=all |
| By: | Lahny, Moh Abduttawwab |
| Abstract: | This study confirms that halal recreation is one form of the tourism industry that has contributed to the growth in the number of tourists and the national economy, even contributing to the improvement of the world economy, with evidence that Indonesia has topped the Mastercard-Crescent Muslim Global Travel Index (GMTI) 2019 together with Malaysia. With a phenomenological approach, this study concluded that halal recreation in Indonesia has an important role in increasing the number of tourists and the global economy. |
| Keywords: | Recreation, Halal, Tourist, Economy |
| JEL: | L83 Z12 |
| Date: | 2019–07–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:94902&r=all |
| By: | Ilzar Daud (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak Indonesia Author-2-Name: Nur Afifah Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between transformational leadership styles and job performance and the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between transformational leadership style and job performance in State-Owned Banks in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Methodology/Technique - The data used to evaluate the model was gathered from the State-Owned Banks in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. 200 permanent employees of those State-Owned Banks participated in the survey. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), using LISREL software was employed to examine the relationship among the constructs in this study, which are transformational leadership style, organizational commitment, and job performance. Finding - The findings of this study conclude that transformational leadership style significantly affects job performance and organizational commitment, whereas organizational commitment significantly influences job performance. Briefly, organizational commitment mediates the relationship between transformational leadership styles and job performance in State-Owned Banks in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Novelty - Most of the previous studies were carried out in western countries, raising doubts about generalizations in research results in developing countries such as Indonesia. Therefore, the novelty of this research is carried out in the context of developing countries, especially in State-Owned Banks in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. |
| Keywords: | Transformational Leadership Style; Organizational Commitment; Job Performance. |
| JEL: | L22 M12 M19 |
| Date: | 2019–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr215&r=all |
| By: | Rifa Hidayah (Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Students who study in higher education institutions should have a good socialization process since it later influences their happiness and sadness during their first year of university life. They may face some difficulties and problems that may inhibit their academic success if they cannot adjust well. One of the successful social adjustment criteria is self-concept, in which is derived from interactions with others, for example, the environment. For that reason, it is important to investigate the self-concept and social adjustment of Psychology students, at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, during the first semester. This paper therefore aims to a) determine the degree of student social adjustment, b) determine the quality of self-concept, and c) identify the relationship between self-concept and social adjustment among first year students of Psychology, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Methodology/Technique - The subjects of this study include 134 first year students at the Faculty of Psychology, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, East Java. The data was collected in accordance with the scale of self-concept and social adjustment. Finding and Novelty - The results show that 1) the degree of first students' self-concept is in average scale, 69.4%, 2) the social adjustment of first year students belongs to a moderate category, 71,6%, and 3) self-concept has positive correlation to social adjustment (r = 0,703, p = 0,000). These findings confirm that the higher the self-concept the students poses, the better the social adjustment they perform. This study suggests the need for intervention to escalate self-concept and social adjustment of students by collaborating with some stakeholders, particularly students' parents, universities, government, societies, and religious figures. |
| Keywords: | Self-concept; Social Adjustment; University Students; UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Indonesia. |
| JEL: | A20 A22 A29 |
| Date: | 2019–06–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr537&r=all |
| By: | Nugraha, Asep |
| Abstract: | This paper wants to explore more about the prospects and challenges of the development of Islamic insurance in Indonesia. Islamic insurance industry in Indonesia has very good prospects for growth, the demand for insurance products based on shariah will continue to increase. This is supported by a large population of Indonesia and also as the largest Muslim country in the world. However, this industry will also experience a very strong obstacle because of the global economic downturn, as it also conditions the people are not educated about insurance, the free market has begun to be applied, resources are less about Islamic insurance, lack of capital and other on.Therefore it needs the government's role to help to continue to grow, with regulations that support this industry. |
| Keywords: | Islamic insurance, Challenges, Global Economic. |
| JEL: | G22 |
| Date: | 2019–07–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95094&r=all |
| By: | Hanif Hanif (Kwik Kian Gie School of Business, Jl. Yos Sudarso Kav. 87, 14350, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Abdulah Rakhman Author-2-Workplace-Name: Kwik Kian Gie School of Business, Jl. Yos Sudarso Kav. 87, 14350, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Muhammad Nurkholis Author-3-Workplace-Name: Kwik Kian Gie School of Business, Jl. Yos Sudarso Kav. 87, 14350, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This research aims to identify a cultural theme embedded in entrepreneurial accounting and construct the form of entrepreneurial accounting. Methodology/Technique - A cognitive anthropology method is employed in this research to investigate the cultural atmosphere of entrepreneurial accounting. This is achieved by conceiving the atmosphere into informants' (owner/entrepreneur-director) mind-set. The research was conducted at various Padang restaurants in Jakarta, Indonesia, that were classified into four groups based on their size and level of complexity. Finding and Novelty - Firstly, a number of cultural themes of entrepreneurial accounting are revealed among the four Padang restaurant groups. There are four similar cultural themes: (a) business process turbulence; (b) togetherness intensity; (c) informal control processes; and (d) formal control processes. Despite the fact that all of the restaurants have similar cultural themes, the elements embedded in each theme are different and require certain adjustments in the design of entrepreneurial accounting based on a profit sharing system. Secondly, a construction of entrepreneurial accounting coloured with a unique socio-cultural background was also discovered. This construction enables owner/entrepreneur-directors to execute work programs with a view to achieving the company's goal to enhance performance, either financially or non-financially. |
| Keywords: | Socio-Culture; Performance; Entrepreneurial Accounting; Control; Cognitive Anthropology. |
| JEL: | M41 M49 |
| Date: | 2019–06–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr535&r=all |
| By: | Pancarini, Ans Shinta |
| Abstract: | The basic problem of waqf is management, especially cash waqf management. Institutions that play a role in managing cash waqf have specific characteristics and management patterns. This article focuses on managing Indonesian waqf savings. |
| Keywords: | Cash Waqf, Management of Cash Endowments, Indonesian Waqf Tubes. |
| JEL: | A1 A12 G0 G2 G29 H0 M0 P0 |
| Date: | 2019–06–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95081&r=all |
| By: | Brown, Stuart A. |
| Keywords: | Pacific money; Brexit Asia; EU in Asia; EU Vietnam relations; EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement; European Union |
| JEL: | L81 |
| Date: | 2019–07–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:101183&r=all |
| By: | Martono, Budi |
| Abstract: | The phenomenon of soaring inflation and the depreciation of a country's currency has become a factual discussion on several discussions of economic disciplines. In the context of the rupiah exchange rate, an empirical fact explains that in some periods, the currency of the Republic of Indonesia, the rupiah, continued to weaken against the currencies that became references such as USD and Euro. It becomes interesting when you notice that some countries have the same profile as Indonesia, a currency issue becomes a global issue. Especially when we notice that the weakening of a country's currency will correlate in line with the soaring increase in inflation in a country. The economic growth of a country is influenced by several factors including the positive trade balance, significant GDP growth, and in some areas, a stable currency. It is common knowledge, that Indonesia as a country that has a high dependence on imports, always faces endless conditions when its import payments must be made using the dollar or euro. The amount issued by IDR to buy 1 USD is now almost reaching Rp. 15,000. Inevitably, the country's foreign exchange reserves as a barometer of a nation's economic strength when facing a crisis become a challenge. The need for a very high USD currency from large corporations and profit-seeking individuals from currency buying and selling transactions, adding to the burden of the IDR became even more severe which in turn also affected the soaring inflation. |
| Keywords: | Dinar and Dirham, Alternative, Inflation Control Solution. |
| JEL: | E25 E4 E41 E42 E52 G2 |
| Date: | 2019–07–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95070&r=all |
| By: | Afzal Izzaz Zahari (Accounting Research Institute, University Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Jamaliah Said Author-2-Workplace-Name: Accounting Research Institute, University Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Integrity violations can result in small or large financial losses for a community or organisation. These economic losses can be the result of small actions, such as laziness or no determination of work ethics, or large losses, such as corruption practices that can cause an organisation to lose large amounts of money and suffer damage to their reputation. The study will assess the levels of public sector integrity violations among Malaysian government employees. Methodology/Technique - Previous studies have shown that serious integrity violations, such as fraud, result in major economic loss to a country. This paper explores the perceptions of 616 Malaysian government civil servants who were surveyed regarding matters of integrity violations in their working environment. Surveys were distributed using mail and online distribution formats. The level of integrity violations within the respondent's organisations were evaluated as weak, mild or strong. Finding - The results indicate that employees in Malaysia are focused on their personal and family relationships despite the fact that this is considered as integrity violations within their organisation. Novelty - This research provides an overview of the current stage of Malaysian integrity violations and demonstrates the need for improvement in this area. The research also provides valuable insight to managers to improve their control over the organisation. |
| Keywords: | Government; Integrity Violations; Malaysia; and Public Sector. |
| JEL: | D23 D73 |
| Date: | 2019–06–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr538&r=all |
| By: | Nurul Komari (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Tanjungpura, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Sulistiowati Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Tanjungpura, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This study examines the effect of mediating work pressure on the relationship between the quality of work life and the desire to leave of millennial employees. Methodology/Technique - The highest portion of the workforce in Indonesia in 2016 is the millennial generation, which comprises around 62.5 million people. Millennials possess different attitudes, characteristics and skills than the Baby Boomer generation. Millennial employees are perceived to look for the value of work to improve the quality of work life rather than financial benefits. Organizations must understand the character of millennial employees to gain the best talents. Finding - The findings of the study show that quality of work life has a negative and significant effect on work stress. Meanwhile, work stress has a positive and significant effect on intention to leave. Finally, the quality of work life has a negative and significant effect on intention to leave. Research Limitations / Implications – This study concludes that work stress mediates the relationship between the quality of work life and intention to leave. This study concludes that quality of work life is very important for low work stress and reducing the intention to leave among millennial employees. Novelty – These findings expand upon existing research related to the quality of work life, work stress and turnover intention and provides recommendations for organizations to retain millennial employees. |
| Keywords: | Millennial; Quality of Work Life; Work Stress; Intention to Leave. |
| JEL: | J60 J61 J69 |
| Date: | 2019–06–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber173&r=all |
| By: | Shoji, Masahiro; Takafuji, Yoko; Harada, Tetsuya |
| Abstract: | Despite its potential role in reducing disaster mortality, the rigorous evaluation of the impact of disaster education on children’s disaster responses, such as evacuation behavior, is scarce. This study examines the impact of a newly introduced Indonesian program on students’ earthquake response. The program is carefully designed based on psychological theories and anecdotal lessons from different countries. It is also easy to understand and cost-effective. Exploiting the fact that the treatment schools for the pilot program were selected based on two observable criteria, we employ the propensity score weighting estimation. The results show positive effects on perception regarding students’ ability to cope with disaster risk and likelihood of taking appropriate response during an earthquake. The participants are also more likely to self-learn and have higher knowledge of disaster risks. Furthermore, there exists a significant effect on earthquake response even among students with poor learning attitude at school. This feature is preferable for disaster education in developing countries, as those residing in disaster-vulnerable areas tend to have poor educational background. |
| Keywords: | disaster education; disaster response; non-formal education; Indonesia |
| JEL: | I25 O53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–08–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95440&r=all |
| By: | Setyani Dwi Lestari (Budi Luhur University, Jl. Ciledug Raya, Petukangan Utara, 12260, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Mariah Author-2-Workplace-Name: Budi Luhur University, Jl. Ciledug Raya, Petukangan Utara, 12260, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Heni Iswanti Author-3-Workplace-Name: Budi Luhur University, Jl. Ciledug Raya, Petukangan Utara, 12260, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Umbar Riyanto Author-4-Workplace-Name: Budi Luhur University, Jl. Ciledug Raya, Petukangan Utara, 12260, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Banks are financial intermediaries which are vital to support the economy of a country. Banks can be interpreted as the financial institutions whose activities are collecting funds from the community, distributing the funds back to the community, and providing other banking services. The development and improvement of service quality from the banks should be the center of public attention. This is because of the tight competition in terms of quality of the services, products, and marketing strategies undertaken by the banks. In an environment of tight competition, the top priorities of service companies such as banks are customer satisfaction and excellent service quality in order to improve customer loyalty and word-of-mouth behavior. This research aims to study, analyze, and explore the effect of product, service, and customer satisfaction on word-of-mouth (WOM) behavior at PT Bank Jakarta. Methodology/Technique - The models used in this research is a descriptive and associative model using SPSS 19. This study uses a simple random sampling technique with a total sample of 80 people. The research instrument used as a measuring tool in this study is a questionnaire consisting of 40 statements. Findings & Novelty - The result of this research show that product (X1), service (X2), and customer satisfaction (X3) simultaneously affect word-of-mouth behavior (Y). The results conclude that PT Bank Windu Kentjana International Tbk Jakarta should improve the quality of its products and services delivered to its customers and prospective customers in order to build their loyalty and improve their word-of-mouth. |
| Keywords: | Product; Service; Customer Satisfaction; Word of Mouth Behavior. |
| JEL: | M30 M31 M39 |
| Date: | 2019–06–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr221&r=all |
| By: | Weni Lidya, Sukma; Kadir, Kadir |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the gender wage gap in Indonesia by analyzing data from the 2016 Indonesia-National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) to quantify the gap and decompose it into explained and unexplained gaps. Without controlling for differences in characteristics, we found that women were paid approximately 30 percent less than men. The results of the decomposition show that the explained gap accounts for only approximately one-fourth of the total gap. When casual workers in agricultural and non-agricultural are excluded from the analysis, women still earned 30 percent less than men, but the portion of the explained gap increases to just more than one-third of the total gap. The gender wage gap can be diminished through increases in women’s work hours, experience, education, and skills. Moreover, the high proportion of the unexplained gap indicates the presence of unfair discrimination against women. Therefore, reducing the level of gender discrimination in the labor market is also a critical factor in narrowing the gender wage gap in Indonesia. |
| Keywords: | gender, SAKERNAS, decomposition, wage, discrimination |
| JEL: | J3 J31 |
| Date: | 2019–02–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:94930&r=all |
| By: | Lau, Siew Yee; Parinduri, Rasyad; Lee, Yoong Hon |
| Abstract: | Micro- and small firms lack access to external finance and the labour market so that they are vulnerable to family hardships experienced by the owners such as deaths or sickness of family members. The literature is thin on how these firms cope with family hardships, in particular on whether owners’ access to social health insurance helps. We examine whether a social health insurance in Indonesia, Askeskin, protects owners of micro- and small firms against family hardships. We find some evidence Askeskin reduces the adverse effects of recent deaths in the family, outpatient care, and traffic accidents on net profits; Askeskin also protects the firms’ assets against owners’ outpatient care need. Social health insurance may, therefore, improve micro- and small firms’ survival, which (because most people in developing countries’ labour markets work in micro- and small firms) helps governments’ efforts to eradicate poverty. |
| Keywords: | social health insurance, Askeskin, family hardships, micro- and small firms, firm performance, Indonesia |
| JEL: | I13 I18 L25 O12 |
| Date: | 2019–07–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95295&r=all |
| By: | Munir-Asen, Katrina |
| Abstract: | Malaysia provides an interesting case study of the challenges of refugee integration, and the considerable implications of a country continuing to host refugees outside a refugee law framework and without a consistent refugee policy. The Malaysian government has not signed the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, nor its 1967 Protocol, and is therefore under no obligation to comply with the substantive provisions of it. It has neither implemented relevant legislation nor consistent policy measures to (a) administer refugee status or (b) adequately meet refugees’ protection needs. Consequently, with the tacit agreement of the Malaysian government, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) carries out a significant role in the provision of protection activities in the country – along with civil society groups, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and community-based organisations (CBOs). This paper examines the policy context for refugees in Malaysia, unpacking (a) key challenges faced by refugees in the country, (b) the lessons that can be learned from current ways of working with refugees in non-camp/urban settings, and (c) how policy measures can be strengthened to most effectively protect refugees in the medium- to long-term and, essentially, to foster integration. The paper first considers the history of refugees in Malaysia, and current drivers of flight, before turning to legislation on, and policy implications for, the protection space. Why Malaysia becomes a destination country at all and the (in)formal structures in place to assist integration are discussed, with specific attention paid to the challenges and opportunities presented in urban environments. The paper concludes by providing key recommendations for development practitioners, researchers and policy-makers in the strengthening of refugee protection in Malaysia. |
| Keywords: | Flucht und Migration |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:292018&r=all |
| By: | Norliza Saiful Bahry (Faculty Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. Author-2-Name: Azmi Mat Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Author-3-Name: Nur Liana Kori Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Author-4-Name: Ainunnazlee Mohd Ali Author-4-Workplace-Name: Faculty Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Author-5-Name: Zarina Abdul Munir Author-5-Workplace-Name: Faculty Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Author-6-Name: Mohammad Zaim Mohd Salleh Author-6-Workplace-Name: Faculty Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Caregiving of a child with special needs can increase the cost of raising the child and parent's stress. These two issues are commonly experienced by a parent who care for their special needs child themselves and the thought of challenges are different based on the disability of the child. Methodology/Technique - The challenges of raising a child with disability make it necessary for parents to work harder to to meet the cost of treatment. Meanwhile, levels of stress among those parents are understandably increased. Finding - Parents caring for a child with disability need to place greater emphasis on achieving a balance between their work, caring for their child and stress. Further, this paper includes a discussion on the cost of raising a disabled child and the increased levels of stress experienced by these parents. Novelty - The findings of this paper contribute to conceptual model on the challenges faced by Malaysian parents in caregiving for a child with special needs. |
| Keywords: | Caregiving Child; Disabilities Child; Parents Stress; Cost of Raising. |
| JEL: | I10 I14 I19 |
| Date: | 2019–06–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr536&r=all |
| By: | Si Guo; Philippe D Karam; Jan Vlcek |
| Abstract: | Inflation rates rose sharply in the Philippines during 2018. Understanding the demand and supply sources of inflation pressures is key to monetary policy response. Qualitatively, indicators have pointed to evidence of inflation pressures from both sides in 2018, with the supply factors, by and large, associated with commodity-price shocks and demand factors deduced from gleaning at the wider non-oil trade deficits seen in the Philippines. Quantitatively, we deploy a semi-structural model to decompose the contributions of various shocks to inflation. Our main findings are (1) supply factors (mainly global commodity prices) played a prominent role in explaining the rise in inflation in 2018; (2) demand factors also contributed to inflation in a non-negligible way, justifying the need for tighter monetary policy in 2018; (3) the size of the estimated output gap (an important indicator of demand pressures) could be larger, when considering the widening trade deficits in 2018; and (4) a delayed monetary policy tightening can be costly in terms of higher inflation rates, requiring larger and more aggressive interest rate hikes to bring inflation under control, based on a counterfactual exercise. |
| Date: | 2019–07–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:19/153&r=all |
| By: | Prasetyo, Octavia Rizky; Kadir, Kadir |
| Abstract: | This research is aimed to analyse the distribution of a cultivation technique of wetland paddy so-called “Jajar Legowo” in Central Java Province as well as its impact on paddy productivity. We made use of the Results of the 2017 Cost Structure of Food Crops Cultivation Survey carried out by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). A spatial analysis and an estimation of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model was used to achieve aims. Our results pointed out that the wetland paddy households implementing the technique only made up about 32.05 per cent of the total number of wetland paddy households in Central Java. They were concentrated in some municipalities, i.e., Prubalingga, Banjarnegara, Grobogan, Kudus, Demak, Temanggung and Kendal. Meanwhile, the OLS estimations showed that the technique has a significant impact in boosting productivity up to 16 per cent compared to other cultivation techniques. Therefore, it could be a key measure in increasing rice production in Central Java. Moreover, our findings also pointed out that other measures such as enhancing the capacity of farmers, the use of high-quality seed and mechanisation and improving the access on financial resources also have a pivotal role in improving the productivity of paddy in the province. |
| Keywords: | productivity, jajar legowo, OLS regression |
| JEL: | Q1 Q16 |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95271&r=all |
| By: | Joaquim Guilhoto; Geoffrey Hewings; Nick Johnstone; Colin Webb; Norihiko Yamano |
| Abstract: | Drawing on the 2018 update of OECD’s Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) database, this paper explores the evolution of trade in value added (TiVA) between 2005 and 2015. Changes in international production systems are examined with particular attention given to four key sectors heavily integrated into global value chains (GVCs): Textiles and Apparel; Chemicals; ICT and Electronics; and, Motor Vehicles. Some insights into the roles played by services sectors and non-residents’ expenditure and, the employment and environmental impacts of GVCs, are also provided.Considerable heterogeneity across countries and regions is revealed, particularly for East and Southeast Asian where China plays a key role. Services are increasingly important for manufactured exporting activities as well as for countries wishing to “upgrade” their activities to higher value added stages of production. Taking a consumption perspective suggests that national efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could be affected by international outsourcing of production. |
| Keywords: | CO2 Emissions Embodied in Trade, Inter-Country Input-Output, International Trade, Trade in Employment, Trade in Value Added |
| JEL: | F14 F15 F16 F18 R15 C67 |
| Date: | 2019–08–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaaa:2019/04-en&r=all |
| By: | Patrick Blagrave |
| Abstract: | Co-movement (synchronicity) in inflation rates among a set of 13 emerging and developing countries in Asia is shown to be strongest for the food component, partly due to common rainfall shocks—a result which the paper terms the ‘monsoon effect.’ Economies with higher trade integration and co-movement in nominal effective exchange rates also experience greater food-inflation co-movement. By contrast, cross-country co-movement in core inflation is weak and the aforementioned determinants have little explanatory power, suggesting a prominent role for idiosyncratic domestic factors in driving core inflation. In the context of the growing literature on the globalization of inflation, these results suggest that common weather patterns are partly responsible for any role played by a so-called ‘global factor’ among inflation rates in emerging and developing economies, in Asia at least. |
| Date: | 2019–07–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:19/147&r=all |
| By: | Jiranyakul, Komain |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the broad money multiplier for Thailand using monthly data from 1997M1 to 2017M12. It is found that there is nonlinear relationship between money supply and monetary base. An increase in monetary base causes the broad money supply to increase proportionally, and vice versa. This implies that the estimated money multiplier is stable during the period of investigation. This finding suggests that the Bank of Thailand has the ability to control the broad money supply. The finding also points to the soundness of the current monetary policy regime. |
| Keywords: | Money multiplier, exogeneity of money supply, cointegration |
| JEL: | E5 E51 E52 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:94932&r=all |
| By: | Apdi, Ferdi Ansyah |
| Abstract: | This paper extensively examines the role of social media in the development of Islamic marketing strategies in Indonesia in the context of the reported shift towards a more relationship-oriented approach to marketing. Social media platforms have emerged as the main communication tool in relationship marketing in part because of their ability to facilitate ongoing two-way communication between organizations and mass audiences, while maintaining the push-messaging capabilities of traditional marketing. Therefore growing academic interest explores the factors that influence the adoption and use of social media for business development purposes. There is a growing interest in the field of Islamic marketing, in part because of its thin size, and the relatively significant influence Islam has on Muslim consumption behavior and the operation of business managers. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role that social media platforms play as a brand communication tool in the context of Islamic marketing. We began a paper with a brief explanation of the concept of Islamic marketing, highlighting several factors influencing academic development in the field. Next, we discuss the main ways social media use by marketers and consumers alike influences Muslim consumer behavior. Finally, we conclude the paper by examining the effectiveness of the role of social media platforms that develop as tools by which marketing managers can influence the buying behavior of Muslim customers. |
| Keywords: | Halal, Islamic Marketing, Marketing Strategy, Social Media. |
| JEL: | D1 |
| Date: | 2019–07–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95102&r=all |
| By: | Chew Fong Peng (Senior lecturer, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Zanariah Hamid Author-2-Workplace-Name: Teacher, Kepong National Secondary School, Selangor, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Mohd. Shahril Nizam Author-3-Workplace-Name: Senior lecturer, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This research aims to explore whether the intention of ICT adoption in teaching Malay language acts as a mediator in the relationship between attitudes toward ICT adoption and the adoption of the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) among secondary school Malay Language teachers. Methodology/Technique - TAM is the basis theory in this quantitative study which uses a questionnaire to collect the data. The population of the study comprises of 410 secondary school teachers in Selangor by applying various probability sampling procedures. The research instrument was adapted from a previous questionnaire and pilot study which shows an alpha Cronbach at .81. Software of Smart-PLS was used to analyse the results of the study. Findings - The mediator analysis showed a positive and significant direct relationship (ß = .067, p |
| Keywords: | Attitude; ICT Adoption; Malay Language; Secondary School; Virtual Learning Environment. |
| JEL: | A20 A29 M15 I23 |
| Date: | 2019–06–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr540&r=all |
| By: | Asioli, Daniele; Pinpart, Ponjan; Balcombe, Kelvin |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290760&r=all |
| By: | Oranuch Sawetrattanasatian (Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand Author-2-Name: Wariya Lamlert Author-2-Workplace-Name: Department of Library Science, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Rd. Patumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The study aims to explore the dispute between accessibility and Digital Rights Management (DRM) for disabled people in accessing information on the Web. More specifically, this paper explores the challenges DRM has placed on them. Methodology/Technique - This study inspects the controversial interaction between accessibility and DRM in relation to disabled people's access to information on the Web using document analysis from a socio-legal perspective. Further, the black-letter law of some widely known and internationally cited regulations are used in the investigation and discussion. Findings & Novelty- It is argued that the regulations which are beneficial to the accessibility of disabled people are overruled by DRM. More specifically, the challenges posed by DRM include: (1) Negligence of disabled people's rights, (2) Conflict of accessibility, and (3) Ignorance of copyright-related exceptions. This study is a cross disciplinary study probing the issue of disabled people in both legal studies, through relevant legislation, and information studies, through the topic of information access on the Web. It examines and analyses major regulations issued by leading organizations across the two disciplines. The findings of this study may be beneficial to knowledge and practice to bridge the gap of human rights for information access, particularly for disabled people, and argues that both information and legal professionals should be responsible for this. |
| Keywords: | Accessibility; Digital Rights Management; Disabled People; Information Access, Web. |
| JEL: | D83 L86 O34 |
| Date: | 2019–06–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr541&r=all |
| By: | Filipski, Mateusz J.; Lee, Hak Lim; Hein, Aung; Nischan, Ulrike |
| Keywords: | International Development |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291030&r=all |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG); United Nations Children?s Fund (UNICEF) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Social protection programmes are now widely recognised as key policy instruments for developing countries to combat poverty. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has explicitly recognised the importance of implementing 'nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors' as an explicit target under Sustainable Development Goal 1: 'End poverty in all its forms everywhere'. Nonetheless, knowledge of specific programmes being implemented across developing countries can be fragmented or inaccessible. This study intends to contribute towards addressing these gaps, providing an overview of non-contributory social protection programmes in selected regions in Asia and the Pacific. Moreover, the profiles presented will also be made available online, through the socialprotection.org platform". (...) |
| Keywords: | Social protection, Asia, Pacific, inventory, non-contributory programmes |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:cstudy:28&r=all |
| By: | Kadir, Kadir; Weni Lidya, Sukma |
| Abstract: | This study is aimed to estimate the returns to education in Indonesia not only at the mean but also across the whole distribution by implementing quantile regression techniques and doing a comparison between gender groups. It also relates the estimation results to the two channels through which education affects the wages inequality, i.e., between-and within-educational-levels earning differentials. We found that education has a positive and significant impact on wage distribution implying that increasing the level of education could shift the wages distribution to the right. In general, the estimates of the returns to education for the female is higher than male. For each gender group, our study also confirms the presence of both the between-groups wages inequality associated with the difference in educational levels among individuals and the within-groups wages inequality caused by the difference in ability among individuals in the same level of education. Our findings suggest that promoting the same level of education for all, particularly tertiary education, could bring down the wages inequality although at the same time the inequality may still exist due to the difference in unobserved characteristic among individuals at the same level of education. |
| Keywords: | returns to education, wages inequality, gender, quantile regression |
| JEL: | J31 |
| Date: | 2019–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:94929&r=all |
| By: | Hassanudin Mohd Thas Thaker (Department of Economics and Finance, Sunway University, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Azhar Mohamad Author-2-Workplace-Name: Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - This paper assesses the value of information disclosure in Malaysian analyst reports by examining three categories of firms, according to their age (young, medium and old). Methodology/Technique - The study uses a market-adjusted method to calculate the cumulative abnormal return and panel regression to test the research objective. The results from the unbalanced panel data reveals that not all information contained in the analyst reports is able to detect the movement in stock returns. Finding - Younger firms recorded two significant results (ROE and SPR) whereas among medium aged firms, TP, CFP, SPR, and MC all had an impact on CAR. The older firms showed that TP, EF, ROE and SPKLCI had an impact on CAR. Novelty – This qualitative inquiry reveals that Malaysian analyst reports tend to disclose information based on simple statistical analyses to formulate recommendations whilst ignoring other significant qualitative information. |
| Keywords: | Age; Value; Analyst Report; Malaysia. |
| JEL: | G30 G32 G39 |
| Date: | 2019–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber174&r=all |
| By: | Willem THORBECKE |
| Abstract: | Tariffs and trade wars threaten East Asian economies. Exchange rate appreciations would be less disruptive than protectionism. This paper reports dynamic ordinary least squares findings indicating that appreciations in Asian supply chain countries reduce exports and increase imports. However, despite large current account surpluses, there has been little exchange rate appreciation outside of China. Modified Frankel-Wei (1994) regressions indicate that Asian countries focus on the U.S. dollar in their implicit currency baskets. These high weights on the dollar imply that regional exchange rates are in a Nash Equilibrium. No Asian country wants its exchange rate to appreciate against the dollar for fear of losing price competitiveness relative to its neighbors. A better equilibrium would occur if they assigned more weight to regional currencies and less to the dollar. This would facilitate a concerted appreciation of Asian currencies against the dollar. |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:19046&r=all |
| By: | Daisy Mui Hung Kee (School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Sabai Khin Author-2-Workplace-Name: School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - Start-up support has not received enough research attention although it is an integral element of the start-up ecosystem that provides resources and services in the form of various support to start-ups. There is a need to explore the effectiveness of various start-up support because the question as to whether such supports contribute to start-up success remains unanswered. Methodology/Technique - While human capital and social capital has been linked to entrepreneurial success, little is known about how these capitals moderate the effect of start-up access to support. Finding - This paper contributes to start-up literature by presenting a conceptual framework appropriate to investigate the effect of a start-up's access to support on start-up success as well as how this effect is accentuated by the human and social capital of start-up entrepreneurs. Novelty - Further understanding of how human capital and social capital could strengthen the contribution of support to start-up success represents an important direction for future entrepreneurship research. This paper also discusses the limitations of relevant previous research and offers suggestions for future research. |
| Keywords: | Start-up Support; Start-up Success; Human Capital; Social Capital; Malaysia. |
| JEL: | M10 M13 M19 |
| Date: | 2019–06–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr216&r=all |
| By: | Jieun Kim; Konstantin Poensgen |
| Abstract: | Based on the “ABC” approach targeted to assess all available sources of financing (official development finance, private investment, domestic resources, and remittances), the Viet Nam country pilot study explores the challenges of transition finance in a middle-income country in the Asia-Pacific region. After launching a series of successful reforms beginning in the late 1980s, Viet Nam has undergone an impressive transformation, which turned the country from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy and from a low-income to a lower middle-income country. At the same time, Viet Nam is moving from a relatively high reliance on ODA and other external sources towards non-concessional sources and domestic sources. Through evolving partnerships, development partners can align their support with newly arising needs, actively supporting Viet Nam overcome the middle-income trap and move towards a trajectory for more sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | Addis Ababa Action Agenda, concessional finance, debt sustainability, financing for sustainable development, IDA graduation, LDC, middle-income trap, SDGs, transition finance, Viet Nam |
| JEL: | O2 H6 H2 F35 O1 F34 H00 |
| Date: | 2019–08–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dcdaaa:60-en&r=all |
| By: | International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) (IPC-IG); United Nations Children?s Fund (UNICEF) (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Social protection programmes are now widely recognised as key policy instruments for developing countries to combat poverty. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has explicitly recognised the importance of implementing 'nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors' as an explicit target under Sustainable Development Goal 1: 'End poverty in all its forms everywhere'. Nonetheless, knowledge of specific programmes being implemented across developing countries can be fragmented or inaccessible. This study intends to contribute towards addressing these gaps, providing an overview of non-contributory social protection programmes in selected regions in Asia and the Pacific. Moreover, the profiles presented will also be made available online, through the socialprotection.org platform". (...) |
| Keywords: | executive summary, social protection, Asia, Pacific, inventory, non-contributory programmes |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:cstudy:29&r=all |
| By: | Griffith-Jones, Stephany; Leistner, Samuel |
| Abstract: | This discussion paper examines how private capital can be mobilised for sustainable infrastructure, with particular reference to the newly created Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the New Development Bank (NDB), also known as the BRICS Bank. These banks are an important addition to the development finance architecture. The paper provides an overview of how development banks can mitigate the global investment gap in the area of sustainable infrastructure through targeted lending and various financial instruments. The paper builds on the experiences of the European Investment Bank – as well as multilateral and other regional and national development banks – to draw possible lessons for the AIIB and the NDB. In particular, various instruments for mobilising private capital that complement the traditional credit financing of ecologically sustainable infrastructure are examined. Although environmentally sustainable infrastructure is currently not always the most cost-effective option in many countries, it is important to make the right investment decisions now, as investments in infrastructure projects are locked-in for the long term; this applies, in particular, to renewable energy projects with their long lifecycles. Targeted financing by development banks allows for the realisation of projects that are currently not attractive enough for financing from private investors alone, and helps to avoid a long-term commitment of capital to non-sustainable infrastructure. Mechanisms presented to support environmentally sustainable infrastructure investments include the application of shadow carbon prices, the European Investment Bank’s Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund, and the Co-Lending Portfolio Programme, which is managed by the International Finance Corporation. This discussion paper is based not only on the authors’ literature and experiences to date, but also on a large number of personal interviews with senior executives held in Luxembourg, Washington, DC, London and (by telephone) Paris. |
| Keywords: | Handel und Investitionen,Internationales Finanzsystem |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:182018&r=all |
| By: | Andreas Samudro (Graduate School of Management and Business, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Ujang Sumarwan Author-2-Workplace-Name: Department of Family and Consumer Science, Graduate School of Management and Business, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Megawati Simanjuntak Author-3-Workplace-Name: Department of Family and Consumer Science, Graduate School of Management and Business, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Eva Z Yusuf Author-4-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Management and Business, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The purpose of this study is to investigate which factors have a stronger influence on final purchase decisions from the perspective of the chemical market. The factors under consideration are customer satisfaction, commitment and cost fluctuations. Methodology/Technique - By understanding the factors that influence purchase decisions, a chemical company or other industrial company can place greater focus on the factors that will improve or enhance customer loyalty. The research design is a conclusive-descriptive and quantitative method. Findings & Novelty - The results of the analysis confirm that customer commitment and satisfaction have a stronger influence on customer loyalty, compared to fluctuating costs. Satisfaction does not have a direct influence on loyalty, except where commitment is used as a mediator. |
| Keywords: | Satisfaction; Commitment; Switching Cost; Loyalty; B2B Relationship. |
| JEL: | M10 M12 M19 M30 |
| Date: | 2019–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr217&r=all |
| By: | Moon, Hanpil; Seok, Jun Ho; Youm, Jung Won |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291059&r=all |
| By: | Yu Ri KIM; TODO Yasuyuki |
| Abstract: | Political connection may facilitate firms' exporting activities particularly in developing countries, because politically connected firms may be more likely to receive informational and financial support, allowing them to overcome barriers to export. We test this hypothesis using a unique, firm-level dataset from traditional apparel and textile clusters in the Red River Delta Region in Northern Vietnam. We find that political connection of certain types increases the chance of receiving valuable information or financial support from the government. Moreover, those firms which have access to information from the government have higher chances of being direct exporters. However, firms which receive financial support from the government are not necessarily engaged in exporting activities. Although politically connected firms are more willing to export, they do not necessarily engage in more exporting activities than firms without such connections. These results suggest that the misallocation of information and financial resources to politically connected but insufficiently productive firms leads to a failure in the promotion of exporting activities. In contrast, political connection increases the chance of importing materials and parts, possibly because high productivity is necessary for exporting, but not importing. |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:19049&r=all |
| By: | Paik, SongYi; Mills, Bradford F.; Le, Dung Thi Phuong; Nhu, Lien Thi |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291194&r=all |
| By: | Nor Azimah Kamaruddin (Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Amily Fikry Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Lennora Putit Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | Objective - The objectives of this article are threefold; first, to identify factors affecting the effectiveness of social media advertising; second, to classify the factors into four main dimensions (namely: source, social, content and attitudinal); third, to conceptualise the factors and provide the proposition. Novelty - The theoretical framework of this paper can be used to direct future empirical research to see how each construct affects consumer acceptance towards the advertisement and the spread of viral advertisement. |
| Keywords: | Attitudinal; Factors; Social; Content; Source; Viral Advertisement; Viral Behaviour. |
| JEL: | M30 M37 M39 |
| Date: | 2019–06–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr219&r=all |
| By: | Li, Yong (Renmin University of China); Wang, Nianling (Renmin University of China); Yu, Jun (School of Economics, Singapore Management University) |
| Abstract: | The power-posterior method of Friel and Pettitt (2008) has been used to estimate the marginal likelihoods of competing Bayesian models. In this paper it is shown that the Bernstein-von Mises (BvM) theorem holds for the power posteriors under regularity conditions. Due to the BvM theorem, the power posteriors, when adjusted by the square root of the corresponding grid points, converge to the same normal distribution as the original posterior distribution, facilitating the implementation of importance sampling for the purpose of estimating the marginal likelihood. Unlike the power-posterior method that requires repeated posterior sampling from the power posteriors, the new method only requires the posterior output from the original posterior. Hence, it is computationally more efficient to implement. Moreover, it completely avoids the coding efforts associated with drawing samples from the power posteriors. Numerical efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated using two models in economics and finance. |
| Keywords: | Bayes factor; Marginal likelihood; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Model choice; Power posteriors; Importance sampling |
| JEL: | C11 C12 |
| Date: | 2019–07–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:smuesw:2019_016&r=all |
| By: | Jonathan Benchimol (Bank of Israel, Research Department, Jerusalem, Isreal); Irfan Qureshi (Asian Development Bank, Macroeconomics Division, Metro Manila, Philippines) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an analysis of the stimulants and consequences of money demand dynamics. By assuming that household?s money holdings and consumption preferences are not separable, we demonstrate that the interest-elasticity of demand for money is a function of the household?s preference to hold real balances, the extent to which these preferences are not separable in consumption and real balances, and trend infl?ation. An empirical study of U.S. data revealed that there was a gradual fall in the interest elasticity of money demand of approximately one-third during the 1970s due to high trend in?flation. A further decline in the interest-elasticity of the demand for money was observed in the 1980s due to the changing household preferences that emerged in response to ?financial innovation. These developments led to a reduction in the welfare cost of infl?ation that subsequently explains the rise in monetary neutrality observed in the data. |
| Keywords: | Time-Varying Money Demand, Real Balance Effect, Welfare Cost of Infl?ation, Monetary Neutrality |
| JEL: | E31 E41 E52 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fds:dpaper:201907&r=all |