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on South East Asia |
| By: | Bm, Hakim; Uddin, Md Akther |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the impact of the Islamic Bank Financing on Malaysia’s economic growth. Using Malaysia as a case in point, this paper employs Advance time-series ARDL bound testing technique, Vector error correction model (VECM) and variance decompositions (VDCs) to explore short-and long-run relationship and causal relationships between the development of Islamic banks and the economic growth using Islamic bank financing to the private sectors, gross domestic product as a proxy of economic growth, Gross fixed capital formation and the consumer price index variables. The paper documents significant role played by the economic growth to the development of Islamic Banks in Malaysia, supporting the growth-Islamic finance led hypothesis or the demand following view. The policy implication of this paper is to improve the efficiency of Malaysian Islamic banks as financial intermediaries that facilitate the capital accumulation and the economic growth; moreover the paper suggests strengthening the weight of the profit loss sharing instruments in the loan portfolios of the Malaysian Islamic banks. |
| Keywords: | Supply leading, Demand following, Causality, Islamic banks, Malaysia. |
| JEL: | G21 |
| Date: | 2016–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:69075&r=sea |
| By: | Warr, Peter |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235785&r=sea |
| By: | BASSINO, Jean-Pascal; ENG, Pierre van der |
| Abstract: | This paper uses expenditure-based PPPs to create direct estimates of GDP per capita for 12 Asian countries in comparable prices for six benchmark years during 1913-1969. The paper finds that levels of real GDP per capita were in several countries comparable to those in Japan in 1913. GDP per capita of Japan and other Asian countries diverged during and after World War I. The paper questions whether Asia's 'little divergence' between Japan and other Asian countries dates back to the late-18th century. It draws attention to the different resource endowments of Japan, China and India compared to other Asian countries, and their implications for the development trajectories of Asian countries. The paper also demonstrates that using historical PPP estimates yields estimates of GDP per capita that diverge from those based on retropolations of the single 1990 PPP-converted benchmark year. It concludes that historical estimates of PPPs are needed to confirm analyses of comparative economic performance based on GDP per capita data. |
| Keywords: | Asia, PPPs, economic growth, Great Divergence, little divergence |
| JEL: | N15 O47 P52 |
| Date: | 2016–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hiasdp:hias-e-28&r=sea |
| By: | Volovik, Nadezhda (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy) |
| Abstract: | For Russia, the development of relations with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has a special political and economic importance. They are designed to help create favorable conditions for the security of Russia and its most important communications, and for the modernization of the whole region of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. One of the issues of further development of relations of the Russian Federation with the ASEAN countries is that in the business of Russia and the Association of the communities do not have sufficient information about each other, thus allowing the participants of foreign economic activity of relevant information in order to promote Russian exports and investment projects. This paper presents an overview of the foreign trade and trade policy in South-East Asia. |
| Keywords: | ASEAN, Russia, Eastern Siberia, Far East, trade policy |
| Date: | 2016–04–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:1441&r=sea |
| By: | Johannes Kruger; Louise Tait; Jiska de Groot |
| Abstract: | Indonesia and South Africa are both trying address energy poverty through subsidized energy provision. South Africa has implemented one of the largest electrification programmes in the world, and 80 per cent of the population now have access to the national grid. But this alone is unlikely to achieve universal energy access goals.Indonesia recently implemented one of the largest household energy transition projects to date: the kerosene-to-LPG (liquid petroleum gas) conversion programme. Exploring these projects makes more visible the political economic factors that have affected the adoption of certain energy carriers. |
| Keywords: | Gas utilities, Political science, Poverty, Power resources |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2016-072&r=sea |
| By: | Muhammad Rifqi; Yoshio Kanazaki |
| Abstract: | We attempt to develop and evaluate financial distress prediction models using financial ratios derived from financial statements of companies in Indonesian manufacturing industry. The samples are manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2003-2011. The models employ two kinds of methods: traditional statistical modeling (Logistic Regression and Discriminant Analysis) and modern modeling tool (Neural Network). We evaluate 23 financial ratios (that measure a company fs liquidity, profitability, leverage, and cash position) and are able to identify a set of ratios that significantly contribute to financial distress condition of the companies in sample group. By utilizing those ratios, prediction models are developed and evaluated based on accuracy and error rates to determine the best model. The result shows that the ratios identified by logistic regression and the model built on that basis is more appropriate than those derived from discriminant analysis. The research also shows that although the best performing prediction model is a neural network model, but we have no solid proof of neural network fs absolute superiority over traditional modeling methods. |
| Keywords: | financial distress, prediction model, discriminant analysis, logistic regression, neural network. |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:toh:tmarga:125&r=sea |
| By: | Michele Imbruno; Tobias D Ketterer |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether importing intermediate goods improves firm-level environmental performance in a developing country, using data from the Indonesian manufacturing sector. We build a simple theoretical model showing that trade integration of input markets entails energy efficiency improvements within importers relative to nonimporters. To empirically isolate the impact of firm participation in foreign intermediate input markets we use ‘nearest neighbour’ propensity score matching and difference-indifference techniques. Covering the period 1991-2005, we find evidence that becoming an importer of foreign intermediates boosts energy efficiency, implying beneficial effects for the environment. |
| Keywords: | Trade, Intermediate Inputs, Energy Efficiency, Environment, Indonesia. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:not:notgep:16/06&r=sea |
| By: | Quan-Hoang Vuong; Trong-Khang Nguyen; Thuy-Dzung Do; Thu Trang Vuong |
| Abstract: | While much research has focused on issues related to patients’ quality of life and access to health care in developing countries, the life of ill people in poverty still hasn’t been approached in numerous facets, and is especially embryonic in many emerging economies. This study of a 336-patient data set examines how a patient community’s benefits and how meeting patients’ imperative needs impact their perception of the future of a voluntary community. The results show that patients are much more likely to be positive in predicting community growth when their expectations are met, and also tend to appreciate financial benefits more. But there is empirical evidence showing patients’ reluctance to contribute to the community, which likely results from their struggle with unfulfilled financial needs and may also imply unstated concern about the fate of voluntary communities of co-located patients. |
| Keywords: | Health behavior; co-located patients; community; healthcare cost |
| JEL: | I12 I19 |
| Date: | 2016–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sol:wpaper:2013/230800&r=sea |
| By: | Haniff, Norazza Mohd; Masih, Mansur |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to study the hedging effectiveness of Shariah (Islamic) stock returns against inflation over the post financial crisis period in Malaysia using wavelet analysis. By using wavelet tools such as wavelet coherence and the wavelet phase angle, the resulting analyses were able to measure cross-correlations and causality between the time series as a function of time-scales. Results tend to indicate that for investment horizons not exceeding 3 years, the FTSE Bursa Malaysia Emas Shariah Index constituent returns can provide hedging against inflation as real returns are largely uncorrelated with inflation. |
| Keywords: | Shariah (Islamic) stocks, inflation hedge, Malaysia, wavelets |
| JEL: | C58 G11 |
| Date: | 2016–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:71681&r=sea |
| By: | Tanaka, Kiyoyasu |
| Abstract: | Understanding the determinants of tourism demand is crucial for the tourism sector. This paper develops a dynamic panel model to examine the determinants of inbound tourists to Siem Reap airport, Phnom Penh airport, and land and waterway borders in Cambodia. Consistent with the consumer theory of tourism consumption, a 10% increase in the origin country GDP per capita is predicted to increase the number of tourist visits to Siem Reap airport by 5.8%. A 10% increase in the real exchange rate between the origin country and Cambodia is predicted to decrease the number of tourist visits by 0.89%. In contrast, the number of foreign tourists in a previous period has little effect on the number of foreign tourists in the current period. Additionally, the determinants are different by the mode of entry to Cambodia. |
| Keywords: | Tourism, Consumers, Tourism demand, Tourism sector, Dynamic panel model, Cambodia |
| JEL: | C33 L83 Z32 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper600&r=sea |
| By: | Edwards, Ryan B. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235273&r=sea |
| By: | Oktaviani, Rina |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235492&r=sea |
| By: | Daniel Rais |
| Abstract: | SECO Working Paper 5/2016 |
| Date: | 2016–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wti:papers:979&r=sea |
| By: | International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) |
| Abstract: | Few challenges facing the global community today match the scale of malnutrition, a condition that directly affects one in three people. Malnutrition manifests itself in many different ways: as poor child growth and development; as individuals who are skin and bone or prone to infection; as those who are carrying too much weight or whose blood contains too much sugar, salt, fat, or cholesterol; or those who are deficient in important vitamins or minerals. Malnutrition and diet are by far the biggest risk factors for the global burden of disease: every country is facing a serious public health challenge from malnutrition. The economic consequences represent losses of 11 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) every year in Africa and Asia, whereas preventing malnutrion delivers $16 in returns on investment for every $1 spent. The world’s countries have agreed on targets for nutrition, but despite some progress in recent years the world is off track to reach those targets. This third stocktaking of the state of the world’s nutrition points to ways to reverse this trend and end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. |
| Keywords: | nutrition; malnutrition; nutrition policies; anemia; stunting; obesity; overweight; wasting disease; diabetes; children; micronutrients; health; climate change; private sector; agricultural development; agricultural policies; economic development; food systems; sustainability; poverty; breast feeding; indicators; HIV/AIDS; capacity building; public expenditure; children; sustainable development goals; wasting; burden of disease; undernourishment; undernutrition; noncommunicable diseases (NCD); child growth; Latin America; Africa south of Sahara; Oceania; South East Asia; South Asia; South America; Middle East; North Africa; Africa; Asia |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:synops:9780896299948&r=sea |
| By: | Sahara, Sahara; Daryanto, Arief; Yi, Dale; Stringer, Randy |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Labor and Human Capital, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235514&r=sea |
| By: | Romo, Glory Dee; Brown, Colin; Cramb, Rob |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235589&r=sea |
| By: | Eduardo Cavallo; Gabriel Sánchez; Patricio Valenzuela |
| Abstract: | This study explores the relationship between demographic factors and saving rates using a panel dataset covering 110 countries between 1963 and 2012. In line with predictions from theory, this paper finds that lower dependency rates and greater longevity increase domestic saving rates. However, these effects are statistically robust only in Asia. In particular, Latin America, which is a region that has undergone a remarkably similar demographic transition, did not experience the same boost in saving rates as Asia. The paper highlights that the potential dividends arising from a favorable demographic transition are not automatically accrued. This is a sobering message at a time when the demographic tide is shifting in the world. JEL classifications: E21; J10;O16. Key words: Keywords: Demographic dividend, Dependency rates, Saving rates |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:edj:ceauch:324&r=sea |
| By: | Volker V. Mauerhofer; Christine Larssen |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to provide judicial perspectives for Public Participation in Environmental Matters in East Asia based on the example of the European Union (EU). This is done both by means of an in-depth literature review which covers research papers, legislative documents and court decisions, and by means of a comparative analysis of court cases. The focus is on the implementation by the EU of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Aarhus Convention, which applies and details Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration. The assessment starts by providing an overview of several legislative documents issued by the EU for different policy sectors and briefly describes the contents regarding the implementation of the Aarhus Convention. Based thereon, the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union is analysed. Seventeen judgements enforcing the Aarhus Convention for the EU level are described and their significance to a regional integration process is outlined. This provides valuable information to a region such as East Asia which plans to enter soon into a stronger regional integration process and which has the clear potential for improvement toward increased Public Participation in Environmental Matters based on the globally applicable Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration. |
| Keywords: | Binding approach; Citizen; Environmental litigation; Public service; Regional agreement; Regulation |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/231167&r=sea |
| By: | Carter, Chris; Jettner, Roslyn; Cato, Larisa; Quail, Ken; Louviere, Jordan |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235262&r=sea |
| By: | Sambit Bhattacharyya; Maurizio Intartaglia; Andy McKay |
| Abstract: | We perform an empirical audit of the effectiveness of climate aid in tackling CO2 and SO2 emissions. Using a global panel dataset covering up to 131 countries over the period 1961 to 2011 and estimating a parsimonious model using the Anderson and Hsiao estimator we do not find any evidence of a systematic effect of energy related aid on emissions. We also find that the non-effect is not conditional on institutional quality or level of income. Countries located in Europe and Central Asia does better than others in utilising climate aid to reduce CO2 emissions. Our results are robust after controlling for the Environmental Kuznets Curve, country fixed effects, country specific trends, and time varying common shocks. |
| Keywords: | Climate Aid; Emissions; Energy |
| JEL: | D72 O11 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2016-09&r=sea |
| By: | Hiroki Ozono (Faculty of Law, Economics and Humanities, Kagoshima University); Nobuhito Jin (School of Psychology Practices, College of Integrated Human and Social Welfare Studies, Shukutoku University); Motoki Watabe (School of Business, MonashUniversity, Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan); Kazumi Shimizu (School of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University) |
| Abstract: | To study the collective action problem, researchers have investigated public goods games (PGG), in which each member decides to contribute to a common pool that returns benefits to all members equally. Punishment of non-cooperators—free riders—can lead to high cooperation in PGG. However, the existence of second-order free riders, who do not pay punishment costs, reduces the effectiveness of punishment. We focus on a “leader support system,” in which one group leader can freely punish group followers using capital pooled through the support of group followers. In our experiment, participants were asked to engage in three stages: a PGG stage in which followers decided to cooperate for their group; a support stage in which followers decided whether to support the leader or not; and a punishment stage in which the leader could punish any follower. We found both higher cooperation and higher support for a leader achieved under linkage-type leaders—who punished both non-cooperators and non-supporters. In addition, linkage-type leaders themselves earned higher profits than other leader types because they withdrew more support. This means that a leader who effectively punishes followers could increase their own benefits and the second-order free rider problem would be solved. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wap:wpaper:1604&r=sea |
| By: | Fanzo, Jessica; Hawkes, Corinna; Rosettie, Katherine |
| Abstract: | The Global Nutrition Report, an independent accountability mechanism for progress and action on nutrition, calls on all actors to make SMART Commitments to Nutrition Action—that is, commitments that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time bound. Specifically, we call on governments to make SMART Commitments to Nutrition Action to achieve national nutrition targets and to put in place monitoring systems that allow them and others to assess progress. We also call on all actors—governments, international agencies, bilateral agencies, civil society organizations, and businesses—to revise or extend SMART and ambitious commitments as part of the 2016 N4G Rio Summit process. Actors in other sectors should also specify in a SMART manner how commitments in their own sectors can help advance nutrition. |
| Keywords: | nutrition; malnutrition; nutrition policies; anemia; stunting; obesity; overweight; wasting disease; diabetes; children; micronutrients; health; climate change; private sector; agricultural development; agricultural policies; economic development; food systems; sustainability; poverty; breast feeding; indicators; HIV/AIDS; capacity building; public expenditure; children; sustainable development goals; wasting; burden of disease; undernourishment; undernutrition; noncommunicable diseases (NCD); child growth; Latin America; Africa south of Sahara; Oceania; South East Asia; South Asia; South America; Middle East; North Africa; Africa; Asia |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:supple:9780896292178&r=sea |
| By: | Jan F. Kiviet (Division of Economics, Nanyang Technological University, 14 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637332.) |
| Abstract: | A procedure that aims to pinpoint the sensitivity of ordinary least-squares based inferences regarding the degree of endogeneity of some regressors has been put forward in Ashley and Parmeter, Economics Letters, 137 (2015) 70-74. Here it is demonstrated that this procedure is based on an incorrect and systematically too optimistic asymptotic approximation to the variance of inconsistent least- squares. Therefore, and because the suggested sensitivity Öndings pertain to a random set of estimated endogeneity correlations, the claimed signiÖcance levels are misleading. For a very basic one coe¢ cient model it is demonstrated why much more sophisticated asymptotic expansions under a stricter set of assumptions are required. This enables to replace some of the áawed sensitivity analysis results for an empirical growth model by Öndings based on a proper limiting distribution for a feasible inconsistency corrected least-squares estimator, given an adopted Öxed range for the correlation between the endogenous regressor and the disturbance. Finally it is discussed how similar results could be achieved for models with several possibly endogenous regressors estimated by possibly endogenous instruments. |
| Keywords: | sensitivity analysis; simultaneity; asymptotic expansions; least-squares; growth regression |
| JEL: | C2 C13 O5 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nan:wpaper:1607&r=sea |
| By: | International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) |
| Abstract: | 在现今国际社会所面临的诸多挑战中，营养 不良问题显得尤为严峻：全球有三分之一 的人口营养不良。营养不良有很多不同的表现 形式：儿童生长与发育不良；个体消瘦或易受 感染；过度肥胖或高血糖、高血压、高血脂或 高胆固醇；缺乏重要的维生素或矿物质。就目 前来看，营养不良和不健康饮食是造成全球疾 病负担的最大因素：各国都面临着营养不良造 成的严峻公共卫生挑战。在非洲和亚洲，每年 营养不良造成的经济损失相当于11%的国内生 产总值（GDP），而在预防营养不良方面每投 入1美元便可带来16美元的投资回报。虽然世界 各国已就营养目标达成共识，而且近年来也取 得了一些进展，但是全球尚未走上实现这些目 标的正轨。这份对世界营养状况的第三次全面 评估为扭转这一趋势并在2030年前消除一切形 式的营养不良指明了方向。 |
| Keywords: | nutrition; malnutrition; nutrition policies; anemia; stunting; obesity; overweight; wasting disease; diabetes; children; micronutrients; health; climate change; private sector; agricultural development; agricultural policies; economic development; food systems; sustainability; poverty; breast feeding; indicators; HIV/AIDS; capacity building; public expenditure; children; sustainable development goals; wasting; burden of disease; undernourishment; undernutrition; noncommunicable diseases (NCD); child growth; Latin America; Africa south of Sahara; Oceania; South East Asia; South Asia; South America; Middle East; North Africa; Africa; Asia |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:synops:9780896292215&r=sea |
| By: | Porciuncula, Alma D.; Erfe, Doreen Carla E.; Navarro, Adoracion M. |
| Abstract: | Past and present administrations have implemented water supply and sanitation (WSS) programs to increase the number of households with access to safe drinking water and sanitary toilet facilities. This study examines the President's Priority Program for Water and the Sagana at Ligtas na Tubig Para sa Lahat Program. It finds underachievement of targets, which was a result of institutional framework weaknesses, capacity and governance constraints, and fundamental gaps in program implementation. Given the remaining unmet needs in WSS, the study recommends that an improved successor program that also has a nationwide scope be designed. It also provides recommendations on how to improve the overall implementation of the successor program, the grant allocation and prioritization, the stakeholder participation, and funds management and disbursement. In addition, it presents a possible framework for a monitoring and evaluation plan of future WSS programs and a database that can be used in the future for ranking and prioritization, monitoring, and estimation of investment requirements. |
| Keywords: | Philippines, impact evaluation, water supply, sanitation, process evaluation, water supply and sanitation (WSS), Salintubig |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:rpseri:dp_2016-22&r=sea |
| By: | Fanzo, Jessica; Hawkes, Corinna; Rosettie, Katherine |
| Abstract: | El Informe de la Nutrición Mundial, un mecanismo independiente de responsabilidad para impulsar los avances y las acciones en materia de nutrición, hace un llamado a todos los actores para que adopten compromisos SMART a favor de la nutrición, es decir, compromisos que sean específicos, medibles, alcanzables, realistas y limitados en el tiempo. En particular, instamos a todos los gobiernos a adoptar compromisos SMART con el fin de cumplir con los objetivos nacionales de nutrición e implementar sistemas de monitoreo que les permitan a ellos y demás agentes evaluar los progresos realizados. También instamos a todos los actores —gobiernos, agencias internacionales, agencias bilaterales, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y empresas— a revisar o ampliar los ambiciosos compromisos SMART como parte integrante del proceso de la Cumbre N4G de Río en 2016. Los actores en otros sectores deberán también especificar en forma SMART cómo los compromisos en sus propios ámbitos pueden impulsar los avances en materia de nutrición. |
| Keywords: | nutrition; malnutrition; nutrition policies; anemia; stunting; obesity; overweight; wasting disease; diabetes; children; micronutrients; health; climate change; private sector; agricultural development; agricultural policies; economic development; food systems; sustainability; poverty; breast feeding; indicators; HIV/AIDS; capacity building; public expenditure; children; sustainable development goals; wasting; burden of disease; undernourishment; undernutrition; noncommunicable diseases (NCD); child growth; Latin America; Africa south of Sahara; Oceania; South East Asia; South Asia; South America; Middle East; North Africa; Africa; Asia |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:supple:9780896292192&r=sea |
| By: | Yu-Chin Hsu (Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan); Rachel J. Huang (Department of Finance, National Central University, Taiwan); Larry Y. Tzeng (Department of Finance, National Taiwan University, Taiwan); Christine W. Wang (Risk Management Institute at the National University of Singapore) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of hedge funds from the efficient diversification point of view for economically important investors, which is defined as in Tsetlin et al. (2015). We adopt the generalized almost second-degree stochastic dominance (GASSD) rule proposed by Tsetlin et al. (2015). The rule includes second-degree stochastic dominance as a special case and is a consensus rule for all economically important investors. We establish statistical estimations and tests for the GASSD efficiency of a given portfolio relative to all possible portfolios formed from a given set of assets. We find that for all economically important investors, adding hedge funds to a diversified portfolio can improve efficiency. The results explain the popularity of hedge funds in practice. JEL Classification: D80, D81 |
| Keywords: | almost stochastic dominance, portfolio efficiency, hedge funds |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sin:wpaper:16-a006&r=sea |
| By: | International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) |
| Abstract: | Parmi les obstacles auxquels la communauté internationale est confrontée aujourd’hui, rares sont ceux qui rivalisent en intensité avec la malnutrition, une condition qui touche directement 1 personne sur 3. La malnutrition se manifeste de bien des façons : problèmes de croissance et de développement chez l’enfant, des personnes qui n’ont que la peau sur les os ou qui sont moins résistantes aux infections, des personnes en surpoids ou dont le sang contient trop de sucre, de sel, de graisses ou de cholestérol, ou encore, des personnes déficientes en vitamines et minéraux importants. La malnutrition et l’alimentation sont de loin les plus grands facteurs de risque pour la charge mondiale de morbidité : tous les pays font face à un grave problème de santé publique du fait de la malnutrition. Les conséquences économiques représentent des pertes de 11 % du produit intérieur brut (PIB) chaque année en Afrique et en Asie, tandis que la prévention de la malnutrition engendre 16 dollars de retour sur investissement pour chaque dollar dépensé. Dans le monde entier, les pays ont ratifié les cibles en matière de nutrition, mais, malgré les quelques progrès réalisés ces dernières années, le monde est mal parti pour les atteindre. Ce troisième bilan de l’état de nutrition dans le monde met en évidence divers moyens d’inverser cette tendance et d’éliminer toutes les formes de malnutrition d’ici 2030. |
| Keywords: | nutrition; malnutrition; nutrition policies; anemia; stunting; obesity; overweight; wasting disease; diabetes; children; micronutrients; health; climate change; private sector; agricultural development; agricultural policies; economic development; food systems; sustainability; poverty; breast feeding; indicators; HIV/AIDS; capacity building; public expenditure; children; sustainable development goals; wasting; burden of disease; undernourishment; undernutrition; noncommunicable diseases (NCD); child growth; Latin America; Africa south of Sahara; Oceania; South East Asia; South Asia; South America; Middle East; North Africa; Africa; Asia |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:synops:9780896299955&r=sea |