|
on Small Business Management |
|
Issue of 2009‒10‒24
six papers chosen by Joao Carlos Correia Leitao Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre and Technical University of Lisbon |
| By: | Michael Fritsch (Friedrich Schiller University Jena, School of Economics and Business Administration); Florian Noseleit (Friedrich Schiller University Jena, School of Economics and Business Administration) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effects that regional start-up activity has on employment in new and in incumbent businesses. The analysis is performed for West German regions over the 1987-2002 period. It shows that the effects of new businesses on employment in the incumbents are significantly positive and that this indirect effect on incumbent employment leads to more jobs than what is created by the newcomers. We find that the effect of new business formation on incumbents is exclusively driven by start-ups that survive a certain period of time. We draw conclusions for policy and for further research. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship, new business formation, regional development, direct and indirect effects |
| JEL: | L26 M13 O1 O18 R11 |
| Date: | 2009–10–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2009-081&r=sbm |
| By: | Manuela Gussoni - Andrea Mangani |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a theoretical and empirical framework to explore how public funding affects firms' R&D investments depending on their engagement in horizontal R&D cooperations and different levels of ap- propriability conditions within the economy. It assumes firms' Cournot-Nash behavior in the choice of the optimal R&D investment level and provides empirical evidence in support of the theoretical ¯ndings using data on Spain and Germany from the Third Community Innovation Survey. Theoretical and empirical re- sults suggest that firms' cooperative behaviour and the appropriability conditions affect the relationship between public funding for innova- tion and R&D investments. |
| Keywords: | R&D cooperatives; subsidies;knowledge spillovers; innovation. |
| JEL: | O32 H20 L10 D43 D78 |
| Date: | 2009–10–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pie:dsedps:2009/90&r=sbm |
| By: | Erkko Autio (Imperial College Business School); Zoltan Acs (George Mason University) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to examine the existence of cross-level moderating effects between national appropriability conditions, individual level predictors and entrepreneurial growth aspirations. We test a multi-level model that connects the determinants of strategic resource allocation decisions at the individual level with the strength of the intellectual property rights regime at the national level. The results suggest that the strengths of the intellectual property regime will moderate negatively the relationship between an individual's education and her growth aspirations and moderate positively the relationship between an individual's income and her growth aspirations. The findings support claims that strategic entrepreneurial behavior cannot be fully understood without giving attention to the context in which those behaviors are observed. |
| Keywords: | strategic entrepreneurship, multi-level analysis, intellectual property protection, growth aspirations |
| JEL: | L26 J24 C3 M13 F5 |
| Date: | 2009–10–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2009-080&r=sbm |
| By: | Soogwan Doh (George Mason University); Zoltan J. Acs (George Mason University) |
| Abstract: | This study explores the impact of social capital on innovation by constructing a more general measure of social capital indicator consisting of generalized and institutional trust, associational activities and civic norms. We test the hypothesis that social capital has a positive impact on innovation at the national level. After controlling for R&D expenditure and human capital there is a positive relationship between social capital and innovation. Social capital interacts with entrepreneurship and the strongest relationship is between associated activities and entrepreneurship. This is consistent with the need to build social relationships in today's networked economy. |
| Keywords: | human capital, social capital, entrepreneurship, innovation, generalized and institutional trust, civic norms, associational activities |
| JEL: | L26 J24 O31 O5 |
| Date: | 2009–10–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2009-082&r=sbm |
| By: | Rennings, Klaus; Rammer, Christian |
| Abstract: | Energy and resource efficiency innovations (EREIs) are often seen as win-win opportunities for both the economic and the environmental performance of firms. It is thus worth asking how the innovation activities and performance of firms with regard to energy and resource efficiency look like: Do EREI firms follow distinct innovation strategies? Do EREIs spur or limit innovation success? And what are the particular features of EREI firms compared to conventional innovators? Using German innovation data, we find that EREIs are determined by a larger set of technology-push and market-pull factors. On the supply side, R&D budgets, research infrastructure and networking with other firms are important factors of influence, while on the demand side increased productivity and cost reductions are decisive, as well as improved product quality. On the other hand, EREIs are complex activities which also need regulatory incentives. Although EREIs are not more successful compared to conventional innovations, they contribute substantially to the economic success of firms. |
| Keywords: | Resource efficiency,energy efficiency,environmental innovations,innovation surveys |
| JEL: | Q01 Q55 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:09056&r=sbm |
| By: | Naude, Wim |
| Abstract: | It is often claimed that entrepreneurship is indispensable for economic growth and development. These claims are mostly generated by scholars working in the field of entrepreneurship andmanagement studies. In contrast, development economics scholars seem to be less concerned about entrepreneurship in the development process Who is right? I show that the arguments and evidence marshalled so far fails to convincingly show that entrepreneurship is a binding constraint on development in the poorest countries. In development economics institutional weakness, not entrepreneurship, is considered by many tbe a more binding constraint on development, especially over the long run. However, recent advances at the interface of entrepreneurship and development economics suggest that unpacking the .black box. nature ofinstitutions may benefit from incorporating an .entrepreneur.. Thus, even if entrepreneurship isnot a binding constraint on economic development, it may still be worthwhile to study entrepreneurship in development as it may improve our understanding of the real binding constraints. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship, development, development economics, institutions |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:2009-45&r=sbm |