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on Resource Economics |
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Issue of 2024‒07‒08
three papers chosen by |
| By: | Liao, Yanjun (Penny) (Resources for the Future); Sølvsten, Simon; Whitlock, Zachary (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact of disaster experiences on communities’ engagement in risk mitigation actions, focusing on flooding in the United States. We measure risk mitigation actions using communities’ scores in the Community Rating System, an incentive program that scores flood preparedness and mitigation activities and rewards communities with flood insurance premium discounts. Leveraging a panel of communities from 1998 to 2019, we find a significant increase in risk mitigation activities following flood events, in both participation rates and intensity of actions. The effects continue to increase up to 10 years. Communities with greater capacity, particularly those in urban areas, exhibit a much stronger response. The findings highlight the adaptive capacity of communities but also raise several concerns regarding the inefficiency of disaster-driven responses and inequitable outcomes across communities. |
| Date: | 2024–06–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-24-08&r= |
| By: | Yoshifumi Konishi (Keio University); Akari Ono (Keio University) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the causal effect of ride-hailing entry on transport-related air pollution in U.S. cities, using granular satellite-based NO? concentration data in the staggered difference-in-differences research design. Our empirical strategy accounts for treatment effect heterogeneity both within and across cities, coupled with two additional strategies to strengthen identification: using geography-based instruments and exploiting a sharp, unanticipated change in ride-hailing activity in Austin due to its rule change. We find robust evidence that ride-hailing tends to improve air quality in highly dense cities, but has no significant impact in cities with low and medium density. We also find evidence that the NO? reduction in highly dense cities is associated with a decrease in private car use and an increase in public transit use. Taken together, our findings suggest that the environmental effect of ride-hailing depends on the complementarity between ride-hailing and public transit: While ride-hailing may increase congestion by inducing deadheading or displacing of mass transit for parts of daily trips, it may still decrease overall air pollution if a combined use of ride-hailing with other transit displaces private car use more than such adverse behavior. |
| Keywords: | Air pollution, congestion, commuting choice, staggered difference-indifferences, instrumental variable, ride-hailing, ride-sharing, transportation and environment |
| JEL: | L91 Q53 R4 R11 |
| Date: | 2024–06–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:keo:dpaper:2024-014&r= |
| By: | Supratim Das Gupta (Amrut Mody School of Management, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India); Marco Baudino (Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France); Saikat Sarkar (Department of Economics & Politics, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, India) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the growth-energy-pollution nexus of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) considering the joint contribution to CO2 emissions of the different sectors of the economy for a set of 43 emerging and developing countries. Since energy consumption and contribution to GDP growth can vary remarkably among sectors, the latter are likely to be characterized by heterogeneous responses to pollution from macroeconomic factors. We adopt an index decomposition approach disentangling the effect of energy consumption from intra-sectoral shifts in economic activities, which allows to evaluate improvements in energy efficiency across sectors. For the empirical analysis, we employ System and Difference GMM estimations using longitudinal obser- vations from 1998 to 2019. Our econometric results reveal substantial heterogeneity of responses to carbon dioxide reduction across sectors. Particularly, we validate the exis- tence of the EKC in energy-related measures for the sole manufacturing sector, and in GDP growth for the commercial and public sector. On the other hand, while emissions increase proportionately with growth in the transportation sector, energy efficiency measures seem to be ineffective in curtailing emissions in both the transportation and commercial and public sectors. Our results bear recommendations for the achievement of effective carbon neutrality policies. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Kuznets Curve, Energy Intensity Decomposition, CO2 Emissions |
| JEL: | Q01 Q53 O13 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2024-17&r= |