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on Regulation |
| By: | Jonty Flottmann; Paul Simshauser; Phillip Wild; Neda Todorova |
| Keywords: | Energy-only markets, forward contract derivative markets, renewables |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2502 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) |
| Keywords: | Energy-Solar Energy Energy-Energy Resources Development Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41349 |
| By: | Gutmann, Jerg; Brandimarte, Laura; Muehlheusser, Gerd; Weber, Franziska |
| Abstract: | We examine the trade-off between functionality and data privacy inherent in many AI products by conducting a randomized survey experiment with 1, 734 participants from the US and several European countries. Participants' willingness to adopt a hypothetical, AI-enhanced app is measured under three sets of treatments: (i) installation defaults (opt-in vs. opt-out), (ii) salience of data privacy risks, and (iii) regulatory regimes with different levels of data protection. In addition, we study how the willingness to adopt depends on individual attitudes and preferences. We find no effect of defaults or salience, while a regulatory regime with stricter privacy protection increases the likelihood that the app is adopted. Finally, greater data privacy concerns, greater risk aversion, lower levels of trust, and greater skepticism toward AI are associated with a significantly lower willingness to adopt the app. |
| Keywords: | Artificial intelligence, privacy concerns, randomized survey experiment, smart products, technology adoption |
| JEL: | D80 D90 K24 L86 Z10 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ilewps:83 |
| By: | Chongwoo Choe (Department of Economics, Monash University); Jiajia Cong (Department of Marketing, City University of Hong Kong); Noriaki Matsushima (Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University); Shiva Shekhar (Tilburg School of Economics and Management (TiSEM), CESifo Research affiliate) |
| Abstract: | Privacy regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation aim to empower consumers with greater transparency and control over their personal data. In response, firms may exercise price discrimination in the form of versioning. This paper studies how these two aspects of privacy regulation—consumer empowerment and versioning—affect market outcomes and welfare. We develop a model where firms earn revenue from sales of service and data monetization, and consumers differ in their preferences for the service and privacy costs incurred when sharing data with the firm. In a monopoly, the firm is better off after regulation because its ability to price discriminate outweighs the effects of increased consumer empowerment. In a duopoly, however, greater consumer choice after regulation intensifies competition, as firms have more ways to deviate from mutually beneficial outcomes. This results in the firm with more data monetization earning smaller profit, while the firm with less data monetization earns larger profit. However, the industry profit as a whole decreases and consumer surplus increases after the regulation. Therefore, the regulation’s impact is nuanced and depends on the market structure. We also examine the regulatory impact on firms’ optimal data-driven revenue models and market entry. |
| Keywords: | privacy regulation, privacy management, versioning, monopoly, competition |
| JEL: | D18 D61 K24 L12 L51 L86 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2025-03 |
| By: | Karl Dunkle Werner (U.S. Department of the Treasury); Arik Levinson (Department of Economics, Georgetown University) |
| Abstract: | Many governments and businesses would like to minimize or eliminate the greenhouse gases that result from their purchases of power from electricity grids. Because electricity flows cannot be traced from purchasers back to specific generators, some regulators and users have proposed an approximation. Purchasers would be credited with using clean power if they contract for electricity generated by particular zero-carbon suppliers to the grid or purchase certificates accompanying that zero-carbon generation, so long as those arrangements meet three conditions, or “pillars”: The associated clean power must be generated (1) nearby, (2) during the same hour, and (3) from newly constructed power plants. Whether or not the three pillars are followed, existing or planned electricity generation meeting all three conditions is expected to account for 10 percent of US power in 2030. We show that the qualifying power would be cleaner than average, but not zero-carbon. Electricity purchases meeting the restrictions will have incremental emissions per megawatt hour 30 to 43 percent below unrestricted average emissions per megawatt hour. The three pillars could have additional climate benefits if demand for clean power exceeds the restricted supply, resulting in less total electricity demand or encouraging construction of new clean electricity capacity. |
| Keywords: | marginal emissions, climate change, renewable electricity |
| JEL: | Q42 Q47 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–03–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:geo:guwopa:gueconwpa~25-25-01 |
| By: | Luria, Michal; Nicholas, Gabriel |
| Abstract: | In a wide range of industries, policymakers have considered encouraging or mandating data interoperability to facilitate more entrants and promote competition and innovation. However, some incumbents in these industries argue that interoperability would entrench existing technological design and stifle innovation. In this paper, we attempt to better understand the relationship between interoperability and innovation by looking at the case study of podcasting and the innovation that has emerged across its ecosystem. We analyze nine podcasting apps, six podcast hosting services, and five podcast directories to catalog the novel features each offers. We then organize those features, from those that best facilitate the movement of data between systems (interoperable) to those that most impede that movement (anti-interoperable). |
| Date: | 2023–12–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:t65mw_v1 |
| By: | Juergen Amann; Defne Gencer; Dirk Heine |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy Policies & Economics |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41914 |
| By: | Lucas, Brianna |
| Abstract: | In recent years, there have been numerous incidents of financial consumers' privacy being infringed upon, and both ordinary consumers and scholars and experts have been paying more and more attention to the protection of financial privacy. Financial privacy is the embodiment and extension of the right to privacy in the financial field, strengthening the protection of financial privacy is an important part of regulating the development of the financial industry, and it is also the main aspect of China's financial law reform. China should learn from the advanced legislative experience of Britain and the United States in the protection of financial consumers' right to privacy, and realize the all-round protection of financial consumers' right to privacy from the aspects of clarifying the concept of financial privacy, perfecting the legislation on the right to privacy, and constructing the mechanism of judicial remedy for the right to privacy. |
| Date: | 2023–12–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:73rqk_v1 |
| By: | George Joseph; Yi Rong Hoo; Qiao Wang; Aroha Bahuguna; Luis Andres |
| Keywords: | Water Supply and Sanitation-Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions Water Resources-Freshwater Resources |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41515 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Science and Technology Development-Technology Innovation Finance and Financial Sector Development-E-Finance and E-Security |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41603 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | International Economics and Trade-Government Procurement Infrastructure Economics and Finance-Infrastructure Economics |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41978 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Energy-Electric Power Energy-Energy Conservation & Efficiency Energy-Renewable Energy Energy-Utilities |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41618 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Science and Technology Development-Technology Innovation Information and Communication Technologies-Information Technology Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Data and Statistics Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Applications |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41605 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Governance-Governance and the Financial Sector Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Data and Statistics Science and Technology Development-Technology Innovation Law and Development-Administrative & Regulatory Law Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Markets and Market Access |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41608 |