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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Schultz, Carsten; Gretsch, Oliver; Kock, Alexander |
| Abstract: | University-industry collaboration (UIC) partners’ different organizational backgrounds entail socialization with distinct thought worlds, management approaches, and therefore diverging goals, which may lead to differences in their perceptions of the R&D challenge. These differences can hamper relationship quality and may cause coordination challenges. Using dyadic survey data of 164 UIC project managers of 82 projects, we analyze the consequences of partners’ shared R&D-project innovativeness perceptions for project performance. We consider the planning intensity and the collaboration in the planning process as antecedents to partners’ shared perceptions. We find that partners’ shared R&D-project innovativeness perceptions increase project performance. We also show that collaborative planning enhances shared perception. Moreover, we find support that planning intensity (i.e., formal control) and collaborative planning (i.e., social control) complement each other. Hence, if both partners are involved in a collaborative and intensive planning process, they will more likely exhibit a shared R&D project innovativeness perception and, therefore, increase UIC project performance. This will help to manage their R&D activities to create a sense of ownership and to prevent inefficient project deviations. |
| Date: | 2024–12–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:151014 |
| By: | Mateos, Angel; Harvey, John; Guada, Irwin; Wu, Rongzong; Lea, Jeremy; Nassiri, Somayeh |
| Abstract: | This technical memorandum evaluates the half-life performance of three long-life jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCPs), a combined total of 260 lane-miles, that were built in Southern California in the early 2000s. The pavements were designed for a 40-year life, which was twice the standard 20-year design life used for JPCP at that time. The projects are located in or close to the Mojave Desert on heavily trafficked interstate highways with 2022 annual average daily truck traffic levels between 2, 800 to 5, 100. The performance of the pavements has been evaluated based on data from the Caltrans pavement management system (PMS) databases (with software system PaveM), including pavement condition surveys with data about lane-based cracking, transverse joint faulting, and smoothness data, and the as-built database that includes all maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction activities conducted on the Caltrans road network. The PMS databases were complemented with an in-situ evaluation of the projects in 2022 that included an inertial profiler evaluation and a road closure of one mile per project for visual inspection, coring, and falling wight deflectometer testing. Overall, the performance of the projects has been excellent so far. The third-stage cracking (slabs with two or more cracks) is essentially zero in all lanes, the faulting is also essentially zero, and the smoothness as measured by the International Roughness Index has been stable since the construction of the projects. The load transfer efficiency of the doweled transverse joints was high, from 80% to 85%, and it was also very uniform along the sections, with minimal diurnal variation (morning versus afternoon). Mechanistic-empirical modeling with AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design (version 2.5.5) supports the excellent performance of the projects and the lack of transverse cracking, in particular. Further, none the JPCP long-life projects has required any maintenance or rehabilitation activity (e.g., individual slab replacement or grinding) since their construction. The only concern with the performance of the projects is the presence of longitudinal cracking, affecting to 4% to 7% of the slabs, in some truck lanes. The longitudinal cracking may be related to the dry environment and, potentially, the use of widened slabs in one of the projects. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, jointed plain concrete pavement, pavement management system, long-life pavement, AASHTOWare Pavement ME, mechanistic-empirical modeling |
| Date: | 2024–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4jp5g461 |
| By: | Barbour, Elisa; Volker, Jamey; Kaeppelin, Francois-Xavier |
| Abstract: | This report investigates how local governments (cities and counties) are implementing California’s Senate Bill 743, adopted in 2013 to eliminate traffic delay, measured using level-of-service (LOS) standards, as a basis for analyzing and mitigating transportation-related impacts of development projects and plans as called for under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Based on a survey of local planning directors in California, administered in Spring, 2024, the report finds that more thanfour-fifths of localities are continuing to apply LOS standards on an “off-CEQA” basis in the permitting process for individual development projects, as well as in community-level plans and policies. Most respondent localities reported that using both VMT and LOS at both the project- and plan-level has not created conflicts, indicating that they are able to align VMT and LOS. Mitigation strategies reported as effective in reducing VMT and also improving LOS include improving active travel facilities, supporting mixed-use development, and relaxing parking requirements; these strategies can be deemed “best practices” foraligning VMT and LOS objectives. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Law, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Senate Bill 743, California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) analysis and mitigation, level of service (LOS) standards, environmental review of transportation impacts of development, VMT impact standards and implementation |
| Date: | 2024–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt2vn3k4sr |
| By: | Serafica, Ramonette B.; Oren, Queen Cel A. |
| Abstract: | The Philippine Development Plan 2023–2028 recognizes innovation as one of the drivers of growth in the services sector, creating a strategic framework to reinvigorate the sector and strengthen creativity and innovation. To help formulate the appropriate strategies and policies, this paper examines the evidence on innovation in service industries using the 2021 Survey of Innovation Activities of Establishments, which provided broader sector coverage. The survey was conducted during the pandemic when firms had to pivot to new modes of service delivery to survive. It gives a more nuanced profile and innovation behaviors of services firms and seeks to identify the effects and determinants of innovation across the services subsectors. Among the four types of innovation, organizational innovation was the most common type of innovation introduced in most service sectors, followed by marketing, process, and product innovation. For most of the services subsectors, the most common innovation activity of the establishments was “Training for innovative activities”. Across all services subsectors, cost factors are identified as the most common barrier considered of high significance. Organizations that employ at least one FIRe technology, obtain funding, use platforms, engage in R&D activities (whether outsourced or in-house), or use knowledge management methods are more likely to be innovation active and produce at least one type of innovation. The survey also reveals greater reliance on internal and market sources of information while the utilization of institutional and other sources of information, such as incubators, scientific journals or technical publications, and regulatory bodies was low for most subsectors. Universities or other higher education institutions were also not popular cooperation partners. In terms of knowledge management, regularly updating internal databases or manuals was the most popular practice while a policy to bring in external experts from universities, research institutes, or other establishments to participate in project teams was the least common practice across the subsectors. The Philippine Innovation Act (RA 11293) provides different interventions to address the various impediments related to cost factors, knowledge factors, market factors, and legal or regulatory factors (Albert et al. 2023). Given the diversity of services, a one-size-fits-all strategy will not be effective. While this study presents a snapshot of the innovation profiles of the different subsectors, in-depth analysis of the innovation ecosystem is required to develop industry-specific innovation roadmaps. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | innovation;services;product innovation;process innovation;marketing innovation;organizational innovation |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2024-14 |
| By: | Fajgelbaum, Pablo PhD; Gaubert, Cecile PhD; Tauzer, Matthew PhD |
| Abstract: | The California High-Speed Rail (HSR) project aims to transform transportation in the state. To understand the impact of this project as it “rolls out” across the state, we analyzed its economic benefits across each of its plannedphases, complementing official projections from the California High-Speed Rail Authority (CHSRA). Our analysis is based on a spatial economic model of the rail system model previously developed by members of our team. This model captures the direct potential travel benefits of the HSR project, such as quicker and sometimes cheaper transportation, for commuters, business travelers, and leisure travelers. It also captures wider economic benefits such as higher wages and land values stemming from greater concentration of employment in more productive areas. |
| Keywords: | Business |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt1zm5t77t |
| By: | GRIMMELIKHUIJSEN Stephan; TANGI Luca (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in the public sector is now reaching a stage where, drawing on the experience of early pilots and adoptions, EU public administrations are starting to face the challenges of implementing AI solutions. In response, this study investigates AI adoption in the public sector with a twofold goal: Add evidence to the existing body of knowledge to have a better understanding of the dynamics underlying AI adoption in the EU. We do this by providing quantitative (survey) insights into AI readiness and adoption in the public sector, across different country contexts. By offering a picture of the status of AI adoption and readiness in public administrations, we identify the main challenges and drivers of AI adoption, which are required for ensuring AI’s trustworthy use. Define recommendations for managers in the public sector and public administrations. Based on the insights from the first aim, we formulate ways forward to inform policymakers. We surveyed 576 public managers in seven countries: Germany, Spain, France, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland and Sweden. The sample was diverse in age, job level, organisation size and geographical origin. We asked each of them about the level of AI adoption in their organisation. This was measured in two ways: we asked specifically about the extent to which they thought that their organisation had implemented AI projects in service delivery, internal operations and policy decision-making. Next, we asked about the exact number of projects that were either planned or implemented, with the response options of 0, 1, 2–5 or more than 5. Building on the latest scientific insights, we look at what combination of technological, organisational, environmental and individual-level factors contributes to AI adoption. Based on our research, we have three key conclusions: 1. AI adoption is no longer a promise; it is a reality, in particular for service delivery and internal operations. 2. Soft factors and in-house expertise are important internal factors for AI adoption. 3. Citizen needs are an important external factor for AI adoption. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138684 |
| By: | Handy, Susan; Volker, Jamey |
| Abstract: | The “induced travel” effect is a net increase in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) across the roadway network due to an increase in roadway capacity. Adding capacity can increase the average travel speed on the roadway (at least initially), increase travel time reliability, and make driving on the roadway appear safer or feel less stressful. It might also provide access to previously inaccessible areas. All of these effects reduce the perceived “cost” of driving. And when the cost of driving goes down, the quantity of driving goes up. Accounting for induced travel in transportation planning is important from the standpoint of accurately assessing both the benefits and costs of projects that expand roadway capacity. This brief summarizes the robust empirical evidence on the magnitude of the induced travel effect and discusses the limitations of travel demand forecasting models in fully capturing the effect. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Calculators, Traffic forecasting, Travel demand, Vehicle miles of travel |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0kj840w2 |
| By: | Peter Windsor; Suzette J Vogelsang; Christiaan Henning; Kerwin Martin; Elias Omondi; Gerardo Rubio; Jooste Steynberg |
| Abstract: | International standards and best practice supports the implementation of a risk-based solvency regime in the regulation and supervision of insurers. Several emerging market and developing economies are transitioning to such a solvency regime or planning to do so. This paper discusses Kenya, Mexico, and South Africa’s journey to putting in place a risk-based solvency regime which had several common elements notwithstanding significantly different insurance sectors. The transition was a multi-year project requiring dedicated additional resources; restructuring of the regulator, including redesigning supervisory processes and tools and upgrading information technology systems; and significantly greater coordination between the regulator and the insurance industry. |
| Keywords: | Insurance; Risk-based Solvency; Risk-based supervision; solvency regime; Penetration rate; RBS project; solvency assessment; RBS implementation; supervision of insurer; Insurance companies; Solvency; Financial statements; Africa; Global |
| Date: | 2024–11–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/240 |