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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Svetlana Klessova; Sebastian Engell; Catherine Thomas (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Abstract: | Publicly funded multi-actor research, development and innovation projects are a setting where a network of multiple organizational actors form a temporary consortium to jointly create new knowledge and market-upstream innovations. The couplings between the organizational actors and sub-groups of these actors represent joint work that leads to flows of knowledge and flows of activities. The dynamics of the couplings in this empirical context and their implications are not well understood yet. Using an inductive comparative multiple case study of projects funded in European Research and Innovation Programmes, we investigated 4 projects with 54 organizational actors, which produced 50 innovations. The evolutions of all couplings went through the same phases, although the temporality of the phases differed. We identified eight types of evolutions of couplings and their underlying generative mechanisms. These evolutions led to different, mostly negative implications on the planned collaborative innovations. Particularly, we observed a systematic degradation of the couplings that were planned to connect sub-groups of organizational actors. Over time, the projects became less collaborative than planned, and they have a tendency to fragment into isolated activities by subgroups of actors. Based on these findings, we propose an emerging process model which helps to better understand how and why the couplings evolve in multi-actor RDI projects. |
| Keywords: | multi-actor projects, collaborative innovation |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04314362&r=ppm |
| By: | Guido Núñez-Mujica (Breakthrough Institute); Vijaya Ramachandran (Breakthrough Institute); Scott Morris (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | The World Bank is one of the largest providers of development finance to poor countries. In recent years, it has been under immense public pressure, mostly from its richest shareholders, to expand its climate portfolio. We examine the World Bank’s climate portfolio at the project level for the period 2000-2022 and find that financing is skewed towards mitigation projects. These projects lack estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions, and there is no standardized reporting on GHG estimates across the portfolio. Further, hundreds of projects tagged climate—many in poorer countries—appear to have little to do with climate change mitigation or adaptation. We recommend that projects labeled climate should be accompanied by a clear explanation of why they mitigate emissions (with estimates of GHG reductions) or how they help increase resilience to climate-related events. Likewise, the World Bank must do more to identify outputs and verify outcomes for climate projects. |
| Date: | 2023–06–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:296&r=ppm |
| By: | Saeri, Alexander K; O'Connor, Ruby |
| Abstract: | This playbook, written by researchers at Monash University, is a practical guide for academic AI experts to help them apply artificial intelligence (AI) tools and techniques to complex challenges in policy and sustainability. It includes a five step guide: (1) Finding and working with partners (2) Understanding the problem (3) Assessing fit and selecting an AI approach (4) Design and validation of AI tool(s) (5) Embedding the AI tool in practice. It also provides a simple introduction to policy, sustainability & sustainable development, and the current evidence on the promise & reality of applying AI to these challenges. As part of the attached OSF project, templates are provided to plan and conduct partner workshops and propose collaborative pilot projects. |
| Date: | 2023–12–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:y75rq&r=ppm |
| By: | Edward T. A. Mitchard; Harry Carstairs; Riccardo Cosenza; Sassan S. Saatchi; Jason Funk; Paula Nieto Quintano; Thom Brade; Iain M. McNicol; Patrick Meir; Murray B. Collins; Eric Nowak |
| Abstract: | Independent retrospective analyses of the effectiveness of reducing deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) projects are vital to ensure climate change benefits are being delivered. A recent study in Science by West et al. (1) appeared therefore to be a timely alert that the majority of projects operating in the 2010s failed to reduce deforestation rates. Unfortunately, their analysis suffered from major flaws in the choice of underlying data, resulting in poorly matched and unstable counterfactual scenarios. These were compounded by calculation errors, biasing the study against finding that projects significantly reduced deforestation. This flawed analysis of 24 projects unfairly condemned all 100+ REDD projects, and risks cutting off finance for protecting vulnerable tropical forests from destruction at a time when funding needs to grow rapidly. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2312.06793&r=ppm |
| By: | Shelby Bourgault (Center for Global Development); Megan O’Donnel (Center for Global Development); Mia Griffin (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | Research demonstrates that the COVID-19 pandemic has had differential effects by gender, with women experiencing higher job and income loss, increased rates of domestic violence, and mounting care burdens globally. While governments and civil society organizations were pivotal to mitigating the impacts of the pandemic, international institutions, and multilateral development banks (MDBs) in particular, also played a role in financing and informing the design and implementation of COVID-19 response programs. MDBs are institutions with significant financial resources and policy leverage, but relatively little is known about their impact on narrowing gender gaps in their partner countries, especially during the COVID-19 crisis. This paper examines the extent to which MDB COVID response projects incorporated gender elements. Using project data from the World Bank, African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, and Inter-American Development Bank, this paper presents descriptive statistics on the presence of gender-related indicators and gender-dedicated projects across MDBs in projects focused on health, social protection, and other areas of COVID response and recovery. We analyze data across institutions, geographies, and project sectors—and highlight the main gaps in MDB response efforts. |
| Date: | 2023–05–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:293&r=ppm |
| By: | Ranil Dissanayake (Center for Global Development); Bernat Camps (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | Pull financing is a powerful but underused mechanism for incentivising progress on hard-to-tackle social problems for which innovation or the take-up of innovation may be part of the solution. It should become part of the ongoing landscape for climate and development work. This paper sets out the specific design features for a portfolio of pull financing mechanisms to support the accelerated development of socially valuable innovations with both climate and development implications. It considers the institutional structure required to manage such a novel mechanism, a process for finding and developing a potential application, and the objectives pull financing should pursue. It then looks in detail at seven applications of pull financing in the climate and development space, each selected to illustrate the potential and challenges of the approach. We conclude by setting out how to construct a high-ambition portfolio of pull financing projects that is both tractable and attractive to potential funders. |
| Date: | 2022–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:273&r=ppm |
| By: | Mauricio Cárdenas (Columbia University (SIPA and CGEP); Center for Global Development); Juan José Guzmán Ayala (Columbia University, Center on Global Energy Policy (CGEP)) |
| Abstract: | Forest-based carbon markets could become an important source of income for countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia-Pacific. Estimates indicate that under a high carbon prices scenario, the value of the forest-based carbon credit market could increase from US$1.3 billion in 2021 to US$25 billion per year by 2030. Apart from the climate and monetary benefits, forest based carbon markets also have pitfalls that must be avoided. Without the right institutions in place, at the national and local level, forest projects can generate negative externalities, such as population displacement, increases in food prices, and biodiversity degradation. The value chain in carbon credits involves a number of high value-added upstream and downstream activities that tend to take place outside the countries where the projects are located. Industrial policies are required for host countries to receive a higher share of the revenue stream, including in areas such as structuring, monitoring, verification, and surveillance. Countries need to promote actions in labor training, research and development, and access to long-term capital. The paper proposes the creation National Carbon Federations as institutions to resolve several market failures, while preventing conflict, ensuring adequate savings of the additional income, and strengthen democratic governance. These organizations can also provide key public goods, so that local communities benefit from the development of carbon credits from tropical forests. |
| Date: | 2023–11–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:313&r=ppm |
| By: | Schclarek Curutchet Alfredo; Jiajun Xu |
| Abstract: | We analyze how multilateral development banks (MDBs) can lend in local currency to investment projects that are “domestic-oriented” (DOIPs), i.e., which do not generate hard currency, without incurring in currency mismatches between their assets and liabilities, which would downgrade their credit ratings. Further, we compare two funding strategies for MDBs; one that involves buying local currency and one that involves issuing local currency bonds. The main policy conclusion is that there are tradeoffs between these two funding strategies and MDBs should consider the particular exchange rate risks and balance of payments crisis risks for the real investment projects that are financed and the host countries. |
| JEL: | G01 E51 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aep:anales:4692&r=ppm |
| By: | Gordon Rausser; Galina Chebotareva; Wadim Strielkowski; Lubos Smutka |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the critical question of the sustainability of Russian solar energy initiatives in the absence of governmental financial support. The study aims to determine if Russian energy companies can maintain operations in the solar energy sector without relying on direct state subsidies. Methodologically, the analysis utilizes established investment metrics such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Discounted Payback Period (DPP), tailored to reflect the unique technical and economic aspects of Russian solar energy facilities and to evaluate the influence of sector-specific risks on project efficiency, using a rating approach. We examined eleven solar energy projects under ten different scenarios to understand the dynamics of direct state support, exploring variations in support cessation, reductions in financial assistance, and the projects' resilience to external risk factors. Our multi-criteria scenario assessment indicates that, under the prevailing market conditions, the Russian solar energy sector is not yet equipped to operate efficiently without ongoing state financial subsidies. Interestingly, our findings also suggest that the solar energy sector in Russia has a greater potential to reduce its dependence on state support compared to the wind energy sector. Based on these insights, we propose energy policy recommendations aimed at gradually minimizing direct government funding in the Russian renewable energy market. This strategy is designed to foster self-sufficiency and growth in the solar energy sector. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2312.07240&r=ppm |
| By: | Laurien Coenen |
| Abstract: | The BELSPO BRAIN-be 2.0 BECODIGITAL project (2022-2024) researches, over a two-year period, the (pre-)conditions for effective and inclusive digital co-creation in a federal context. In connecting practical and scientific insights about digital co-creation, the project's results will materialise into a validated roadmap to support future co-creation initiatives using digital technologies or targeting public (e-) services. The Baseline Measurement presented in this report entails a first stepping stone in the knowledge acquisition within the project and, hence, the build-up towards the roadmap. Throughout this report, we will first present an elementary introduction to co-creation in public administration. The conceptual choices that will inform the further course of this project are described and argued. As research antecedents are scattered across the fields of public administration, political sciences and information system management, the intersection between them can render intriguing and enriching insights for practitioners. However, research on the crosslines of these disciplines is scarce, and many questions remain unanswered. One of them—and the explicit focus of this Baseline Measurement—involves the stakeholders that can potentially engage in digital co-creation and how to engage them. The reader will find that with each consecutive step in its theoretical build-up, the Baseline Measurement gradually builds a digital co-creation framework that captures the main concepts within work package one—which are, by extension, also central to BECODIGITAL. Therefore, the analytical framework will serve as a tool to present unique cases in subsequent parts or deliverables of BECODIGITAL clearly and unambiguously. Through a qualitative research approach, deploying semi-structured interviews on various real-life cases, the Baseline Measurement's theoretically-inspired framework will be adapted, expanded and validated. Whereas the framework's final version will be presented and elaborated in the policy brief (D1.4.1), project's final report (D4.2.2) and road map (D2.3.1), this report already details the research questions and design guiding our analytical framework development exercise from a practical angle. Moreover, it provides a first example of what the framework might look like when applied to a digital co-creation case (i.e., the Corona Consultations as organised by Sciensano). |
| Date: | 2023–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:kbiper:731127&r=ppm |
| By: | Clemence Landers (Center for Global Development); Karen Mathiasen (Center for Global Development); Samuel Matthews (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | The climate agenda has been a dominant feature of World Bank reform efforts, with President Banga aiming to both mobilize new resources and increase the proportion of total funding for climate-related projects. The stakes are high: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in many borrowing countries are elevated and rising, dimming prospects for meeting the 2030 Paris Agreement target to limit warming to a 1.5 degrees Celsius increase. To date, stakeholders have focused on how to mobilize new funding for climate mitigation reflecting an emphasis on the supply side (e.g., financing) of the agenda. But there has been little analysis on the demand side (or project pipeline). The assumption is that more money will generate more demand. But this does not necessarily follow. In this paper, we discuss major factors that will influence demand for climate mitigation projects, especially from the largest emitters of greenhouse gases (e.g., China, India, Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico). Our assessment is that factors like World Bank borrowing costs and access to alternative sources of finance will likely limit demand absent financial incentives, which could prove costly and difficult to resource at the scale needed to have meaningful impact. We also see a risk that these incentives could be used inefficiently absent a rigorous analysis to identify where they could have the most impact and a robust framework for assessing results. |
| Date: | 2023–12–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:315&r=ppm |
| By: | Nancy Lee (Center for Global Development); Valerie Laxton (World Resources Institute); Samuel Matthews (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | If we could reinvent MDBs to respond to urgent development and climate needs and to benefit from 70 years of experience with the model, what would they look like? Many are focused on the scale of MDB finance. This paper focuses on how the model needs to change to effectively deploy more finance. A central question for the model is how country investment priorities are set. This paper advocates that countries should chart their own low-carbon climate resilient development and growth paths, with robust analytical support from MDBs that integrates climate and development challenges, including cross-border challenges, and helps countries set priorities for investments and policies. MDBs should work together as a coherent system to support one country-owned strategy, rather than individually creating their own separate strategies and policy conditions. This approach will help overcome fears by borrowing countries that rich shareholders are compelling them to abandon their own development priorities in favor of other countries’ climate priorities. It will also help break down the silos within and across MDBs that thwart collaboration and diminish their effectiveness. The country strategies should go deep rather than broad, aiming for transformative outcomes in a few priority sectors selected for their importance for achieving the country’s sustainable development and climate goals. Success should be measured based on achievement of targeted outcomes, not by the size of financial inputs. Governments, MDBs, and other development partners should all make finance and other commitments under the strategy and be held accountable for their performance. Governments that meet their policy and finance commitments should be assured of consistent, predictable budget support from MDBs, along with investment project and pay-for-results lending. Beyond their own lending, MDBs should focus on improving the terms of market borrowing for sustainable development, making more use of their guarantee and insurance products. And MDB boards should spend less time on individual project approvals and more on monitoring outcome progress at the country level and country contributions to cross-border goals. A second critical challenge is how to boost MDB performance in mobilizing private finance for climate and development goals. The paper advocates putting mobilization at the center of MDB institutional strategies, setting ambitious mobilization targets, and implementing institutional changes needed to achieve those targets. Two core changes are critical: (1) changing financial product offerings to better match instruments to private capital market gaps, which means less emphasis on senior loans and more deployment of subordinated financial products; and (2) focusing more on creating portfolios of sustainable finance assets to offer private investment opportunities at scale. Partnerships with institutional investors and more risk- tolerant investors are both essential to achieve scale and manage increased risk. |
| Date: | 2023–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:299&r=ppm |
| By: | Helen Dempster (Center for Global Development); Nicol Herbert (International Rescue Committee) |
| Abstract: | Humanitarian and development crises are increasingly protracted and complex, lacking clear solutions and paths to reach the most-affected individuals and communities. Those working in such crises must be creative, adaptive, and supported by frameworks that promote efficient and effective responses. Adaptive management is a learning-oriented project management approach that centralizes proactive and ongoing reflection on what is and is not working, adapting the program design or operational delivery based on this new information. This approach is being implemented by a five-year program—Refugees in East Africa: Boosting Urban Innovations for Livelihoods (Re:Build)—aiming to achieve economic self-reliance for urban refugees and other vulnerable residents of Kampala, Uganda and Nairobi, Kenya. The evidence for how to best support refugee economic self-reliance is limited; even less is known about what is effective for urban refugees specifically. Re:Build is utilizing adaptive management principles to navigate this uncertainty with the goal of achieving sustained outcomes for clients and more information about what works. While adaptive management offers a range of potential benefits, it requires implementers and donors to operate in new ways. After summarizing the existing adaptive management literature, this paper outlines lessons from the first two years of Re:Build’s attempts to implement an adaptive program. It concludes by sharing practical recommendations, for both implementers and donors, on how to better live out these principles. |
| Date: | 2023–06–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:295&r=ppm |
| By: | REID Alasdair; STEWARD Fred; MIEDZINSKI Michal (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The report provides guidance on applying a mission-oriented approach to smart specialisation strategies (S3) to address societal challenges and achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Challenge-led missions are systemic frameworks that help align S3 with ambitious societal goals, and provide strategic direction to the implementation of policy instruments and projects mobilised through S3. The report focuses on areas relevant to mission implementation, including framing challenge-led missions, designing policy mix for missions, developing concrete practises to support mission implementation, and adapting the monitoring and evaluation system. The authors propose mission-oriented roadmapping framework to improve the coherence and directionality of policy instruments and processes mobilised through missions. The report was prepared in close cooperation with policy makers from the Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade responsible for the Czech national S3 strategy. The publication is aimed at policymakers in Europe and beyond who are responsible for designing and implementing innovation policies that address sustainability challenges and goals such as the SDGs. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc134466&r=ppm |
| By: | SHUALI TRACHTENBERG Tamar; TENREIRO RODRÍGUEZ Victoria; NEUBAUER Adrián; BAR CENDÓN Antonio; CENTENO Clara (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The present report is the last output of the INNO4DIV project, which aimed at addressing the educational needs of teachers in the EU for inclusive education in a context of diversity. It builds on all the previous steps of the project (literature review and analysis of 21 good practices) and provides a set of Implementation Guidelines addressed to all relevant stakeholders: policy makers at EU, national, regional and local level, tertiary education institutions, school actors, NGOs, non-formal education providers, and, community-based civil society organisations. It provides concrete recommendations, accompanied by examples from the 21 innovative cases analysed, on how stakeholders can contribute to teachers’ Intercultural and Democratic Competence development through innovative actions. This research responds to the “Council recommendation of 22 May 2018 on promoting common values, inclusive education, and the European dimension of teaching (2018/C 195/01)”, which invites Member States to promote active citizenship to foster tolerant and democratic attitudes and social, citizenship and intercultural competences, and enable educational staff to promote common values through initial and continued education. It also responds to the European Commission’s intention to develop and regularly review practical reference tools and guidance documents for policymakers and practitioners and support research and stakeholder engagement to meet knowledge needs. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc133175&r=ppm |
| By: | Marco Paiola; Tatiana Khvatova (EM - emlyon business school); Francesco Schiavone; Alberto Ferraris |
| Abstract: | "The healthcare ecosystem is currently characterized by multiple interactions at different levels that call for new managerial approaches in line with value-based healthcare, where the omnichannel strategy is crucial. Drawing on the omnichannel approach in the B2B context, the overall objective of the current study is to unveil the underlying mechanisms through which a healthcare organization can transform the value creation process within its business ecosystem. An in-depth case study of an ecosystem has been used to demonstrate how the design and development of digital solutions can provide better services to the different agents involved in the healthcare sector. Our results show how an orchestra model of an innovation ecosystem effectively works and reveal the orchestration mechanisms operating in the healthcare industry, drawing on the example of the Patient Support Program (PSP) provider as the orchestrator. Moreover, key challenges have been highlighted, and the role of B2B marketing has been identified as crucial, providing important implications for managers and scholars." |
| Keywords: | Omnichannel strategy, Value-based healthcare, Orchestra model, Innovation ecosystems |
| Date: | 2023–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04325738&r=ppm |