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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | François-Gabriel Percie Du Sert (Safran Data Systems); Christophe Midler (i3-CRG - Centre de recherche en gestion i3 - X - École polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Aeronautics industry is often seen as reluctant to innovate: «what has flied will fly». But current constraints such as the more open competition in the sector are pushing for a radicalisation of the innovation effort. This movement affects aircraft manufacturers but also equipment manufacturers such as Zodiac Data Systems, now a subsidiary of the SAFRAN group, a supplier of data acquisition systems for embedded environments. To develop and conquer new markets, the company is implementing a deep transition and wants to become a force of proposal in terms of products and solutions. This study was carried out as part of the Small Project, an original project for the company. Aiming at the design of a new type of acquisition system, it is also an experience for pexploratory projects. The project was launched outside any pre-existing framework in the company. Its implementation provides many lessons for the management of similar breakthrough projects in the future, and the prefiguration of an ambidextrous organisational model for the firm. The study of the progress of this completely new project, its exploratory nature, its impacts on the company and its surroundings, the good practices and warnings it contains for conducting exploration are studied in this booklet. Based on these elements, it proposes the basis for the operation of a unit dedicated to exploration in the company. |
| Abstract: | L'industrie aéronautique est souvent considérée comme réticente à l'innovation: « ce qui a volé volera ». Mais les contraintes actuelles comme la compétition plus ouverte du secteur poussent à radicaliser l'effort d'innovation. Ce mouvement touche les avionneurs mais aussi les équipementiers comme Zodiac Data Systems, aujourd'hui filiale du groupe SAFRAN, fournisseur de systèmes d'acquisition de données pour environnements embarqués. Pour se développer et conquérir de nouveaux marchés, l'entreprise est en évolution et veut devenir force de proposition en termes de produits et de solutions. Cette étude s'est déroulée dans le cadre du projet Small, projet original pour l'entreprise. Visant à la conception d'un nouveau genre de système d'acquisition, il est aussi une expérience du projet exploratoire. En effet, le projet a été lancé en dehors de tout cadre préexistant dans l'entreprise. Son déroulement apporte de nombreux enseignements pour la conduite de projets de rupture similaires dans le futur, et le fonctionnement de l'entreprise en ambidextrie. L'étude du déroulement de ce projet tout à fait nouveau, son caractère exploratoire, ses impacts sur l'entreprise et autour d'elle, les bonnes pratiques et mises en gardes qu'il contient pour la conduite de l'exploration sont étudiés dans ce cahier. A partir de ces éléments, il propose les bases d'un fonctionnement de cellule dédiée à l'exploration dans l'entreprise Zodiac Data Systems. |
| Keywords: | Breakthrough projects,Proof of concept,ambidextrous organization,Aeronautic Industry.,Innovation de rupture,POC,démonstrateur,organisation ambidextre,industrie aéronautique |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02872859&r=all |
| By: | Benjamin Blanchard (Murfy); Tony da Motta Cerveira (Square Management); Rémi Maniak (i3-CRG - Centre de recherche en gestion i3 - X - École polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Christophe Midler (i3-CRG - Centre de recherche en gestion i3 - X - École polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Innovation based competition pushes companies to make more and more radical innovative strategies. But exploring such breakthrough is a complex and costly process, generating significant uncertainties. Evaluating their potential beforehand is therefore an essential requirement. However, current practices do not take into account properly the strategic value of innovations. This limit generally gives rise, in business plans, to qualitative additions that have little weight compared to the evidence of quantitative results. But while a relevant «ex ante» assessment of the value of innovation is necessary, it is not sufficient on its own. Value is built and negotiated gradually as it adapts and is recognized by those who will produce and use it. Managing this value creation means identifying and implementing action plans capable of successfully completing this trajectory. The research presented here aims at designing and testing an economic evaluation and management method that integrates the strategic dimensions of exploration projects while providing a credible costing in an uncertain environment. It is part of the CRG's research programme on the «Full Value» concept of innovation and the expertise of the consulting firm Vianeo, which specialises in supporting disruptive innovation projects. After a presentation of the theoretical foundations of the method, in terms of critical diagnosis of classical approaches and concepts on which to base new ways of evaluating and managing the value of innovations, we present the methodology and analyses its implementation on the cases tested. Finally, we draw lessons from this research as to the principles, assets and conditions of applicability of the «Full Value» approach in companies. |
| Abstract: | La compétition par l'innovation pousse les entreprises à toujours plus de ruptures innovantes. Mais l'exploration de telles ruptures est une démarche complexe et coûteuse, génératrice de fortes incertitudes. Évaluer en amont leur potentiel est alors une exigence incontournable. Or les pratiques actuelles prennent mal en compte la valeur stratégique des innovations. Cette limite donne généralement lieu, dans les business plans, à des compléments qualitatifs qui ont peu de poids face à l'évidence des résultats quantitatifs. Mais si une évaluation « ex ante » pertinente de la valeur de l'innovation est nécessaire, elle n'est, à elle seule, pas suffisante. La valeur se construit et se négocie en effet progressivement à mesure qu'elle s'adapte et est reconnue par ceux qui vont la produire et l'utiliser. Piloter cette création de valeur, c'est identifier et mettre en œuvre les plans d'action capables de mener à bien cette trajectoire. La recherche présentée ici vise à concevoir et tester une méthode d'évaluation et de pilotage économique intégrant les dimensions stratégiques du projet d'exploration tout en apportant un chiffrage crédible en environnement incertain. Elle s'inscrit dans le programme de recherche du CRG sur le concept de « Full Value » de l'innovation et l'expertise de la société de conseil Vianeo, spécialisée dans l'accompagnement des projets d'innovation de rupture. Après une présentation des fondements théoriques de la méthode, sur le plan du diagnostic critique des approches classiques et des concepts sur lesquels baser de nouvelles manières d'évaluer et de piloter la valeur les innovations, ce cahier présente la méthodologie et analyse sa mise en œuvre sur les cas testés. Le cahier tire enfin les enseignements de cette recherche quant aux principes, atouts et conditions d'applicabilité de la démarche « Full Value » dans les entreprises. |
| Keywords: | innovation,economic evaluation methodology,economic management,full value,méthodologie d’évaluation économique,pilotage économique |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02873965&r=all |
| By: | Cian O’Donovan (Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU), University of Sussex); Aleksandra Michalec (Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU), University of Sussex); Joshua R. Moon (Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU), University of Sussex) |
| Abstract: | Research framed to address global, grand and societal challenges has brought fresh impetus to calls by funding agencies for transdisciplinary research. Yet the urgency of such calls is not matched by sufficient knowledge of how to foster and maintain the capabilities to do transdisciplinary work. Significant gaps exist in how to cultivate and maintain transdisciplinary methods, practices and the underlying capabilities required to support them. This paper employs a capability approach to construct a realist evaluative framework with which to assess such capabilities. The framework is operationalised through a novel three-stage mixed method procedure which seeks to evaluate transdisciplinary capabilities as they are valued and experienced by researchers themselves. The procedure is tested on a portfolio of five ‘pump-priming’ projects funded by the ESRC Nexus Network. The paper reports a set of transdisciplinary capabilities valued by nexus research participants and found to varying degrees within eeach of the research projects. We find that pump-priming investments are sites of research capability development in three ways; through convening cognitive capabilities; cultivating transgressive capabilities; and maintaining backstage capabilities over durations that extend beyond the beginning and end of individual projects. Furthermore, for researchers, it is the transgressive quality of these capabilities that is most salient. Directing greater attention to these different modes of capability development in pump-priming research programmes may be useful in growing and steering research system capacity towards contemporary and future societal needs. |
| Keywords: | Transdisciplinary research, research evaluation, grand challenges, sustainability, capability approach, bibliometrics |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sru:ssewps:2020-12&r=all |
| By: | Lambrecht, Isabel; Sproule, Katie; Synt, Nang Lun Kham; Ei Win, Hnin; Win, Khin Zin |
| Abstract: | When designing and evaluating policies and projects for women’s empowerment, appropriate indicators are needed. This paper reports on the lessons learned from two rounds of pretesting and cognitive testing of the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI) in a total of five States/Regions in Myanmar. We assess if respondents understand the modules as intended and which questions require modification based on the cultural context. We find that the questions also present in the abbreviated WEAI are generally well understood, particularly on instrumental and group agency. The challenge to respond to hypothetical and abstract questions did become apparent in the domains representing intrinsic agency, and was problematic for questions on autonomy and self-efficacy. Also, the internationally validated questions on attitudes towards domestic violence were too abstract, and responses depend on the scenario envisioned. We also suggest including an adapted version of the module on speaking up in public, to reinforce the domain on collective agency. Our findings provide an encouraging message to those aspiring to use pro-WEAI, but emphasize the need for continued attention for context-specific adjustments and critical testing of even those instruments that are widely used and deemed validated. |
| Keywords: | MYANMAR; BURMA; SOUTHEAST ASIA; ASIA; empowerment; gender; women; women's empowerment; indicators; households; income; domestic violence; violence; agriculture; Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index; cognitive testing; intimate partner violence against women; violence against women |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1945&r=all |
| By: | Burke,Andrew; Cuadra,Ernesto Pancracio; Mahon,Tony; Moreno Olmedilla,Juan Manuel; Thacker,Simon |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a comprehensive review of the World Bank?supported Teacher Education Improvement Project for Grades 1-4 Class Teachers in the West Bank and Gaza (2008-19) and has important policy implications for similar initiatives in other developing economies. A professional development index of teaching competences was created and used to redesign, develop, implement, and evaluate pre-service and in-service programs in line with international good practice. By linking pre-service to in-service, the index is innovative in capturing the continuum of a teacher's professional development. The index as well as all elements of the pre-service and in-service programs were developed by Palestinians with consultant assistance. This developmental process strengthened the capacity of those involved and ensured understanding and ownership of outputs. The project resulted in an increase of fully qualified teachers from 54 percent in 2011 to 92 percent in 2018. In 2019, five of six university pre-service programs were granted unconditional accreditation by representative panels chaired by international experts. The project won the United Kingdom's prestigious Times Higher Education Award for International Impact, 2018 due to its innovative approaches and potential for replication in other countries. The model of reform developed in the project is currently influencing the development of strategies for the coherent and systemic reform of teacher education in World Bank?supported projects in The Gambia and Zambia. |
| Keywords: | Educational Sciences,Educational Institutions&Facilities,Effective Schools and Teachers,Labor Markets |
| Date: | 2020–07–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:wp9328&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | The Public Investment Management Assessment (PIMA) of Benin has brought to light an institutional framework of high quality but ineffective implementation. In accordance with the PIMA methodology applied in several countries, the mission focused on assessing the institutional strengths for each institution in the analytical framework, as well as its effective implementation. The authorities in 2016 adopted an ambitious investment plan, the government action program (PAG), which is designed to stimulate Benin's economic and social development. Investments in flagship sectors have been identified as means to support this development; the PAG provides recourse primarily to new financing mechanisms, such as public-private partnerships, to ensure the realization of these investments. In connection with the implementation of the PAG, the financial incidences of selected projects should be fully accounted for and reflected in the budget documentation to ensure their sustainability. Enhanced coordination of planning and budget exercises would encourage a better consideration of recurrent expenditure. |
| Keywords: | Public financial management;Public investments;Fiscal policy;Economic policy;Financial management information systems;ISCR,CR,PPPs,ex-post,public investment,WAEMU,investment project |
| Date: | 2020–01–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2020/028&r=all |
| By: | Barbour, Elisaa; Grover, Salvador; Lamoureaux, Yulia; Chaudhary, Gyanendra; Handy, Susan |
| Abstract: | Transit-oriented development—higher density residential or mixed-use development centered around high-quality transit stations—can reduce the need for driving and cut vehicle greenhouse gas emissions. It can also play a role in revitalizing downtowns, improving accessibility for residents, and preserving open space. For these reasons, state and local governments in California have adopted goals and policies to support transit-oriented development. Despite its benefits, transit-oriented development faces multiple barriers. Projects may face more complex planning, financing, and regulatory hurdles, and often entail higher land and development costs compared to greenfield development. Local governments are confronting these challenges through the adoption of innovative policy, planning, and finance tools. Researchers at the University of California, Davis surveyed almost 150 city planning directors in California’s four largest metropolitan areas to better understand cities’ motivations for supporting transit-oriented development, the challenges encountered, and techniques employed in achieving their transit-oriented development goals. The results presented in this policy brief are from the first part of a two-year study. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Financing, Nonmotorized transportation, Policy analysis, Transit oriented development, Transportation planning, Transportation policy, Travel behavior |
| Date: | 2020–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt7jc671t3&r=all |