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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Wenche Tobiasson; Christina Beestermöller; Tooraj Jamasb |
| Abstract: | Ambitious renewable energy targets and an aging infrastructure necessitate a substantial upgrading and expansion of the electricity transmission networks around Europe and beyond. Although vital for the functioning of the economy, grid development projects are often met by public opposition, which increase costs and lengthy planning processes. The current planning processes have proven ineffective at resolving the conflicts among stakeholders, indicating the need for a new approach. We analyse these issues from an Economic perspective, outlining the economic characteristics of transmission developments and public engagement. We identify previously overlooked features of the planning process that are contributing to the rise in conflicts, public opposition and prolonged project realisation. The Scottish Beauly-Denny high voltage transmission development is discussed in detail and our findings indicate a need for increased engagement with local communities at an earlier stage of planning. Trust between communities, developers and government is important for future negotiations and can be achieved through transparency, specific education and set guidelines for stakeholder engagement in the planning process. |
| Keywords: | Electricity transmission, public engagement, property rights |
| JEL: | L94 L98 D23 P48 |
| Date: | 2015–04–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:1511&r=ppm |
| By: | Cerqueti, Roy; Lupi, Claudio |
| Abstract: | In decision theory projects are usually evaluated in terms of their riskiness, and often decision under risk is intended as the one-shot-type binary choice of accepting or not accepting the risk. This paper elaborates on the concept of risk acceptance, and aims at developing a theoretical framework based on networks theory. In doing this, the interconnections between the random quantities involved in the decision are taken into account. The conditions to be satisfied in order for the risk-acceptance criterion to be consistent with the axiomatization of standard expected utility theory are also explored. In accordance with existing literature, we obtain that a risk evaluation problem can be meaningful even if it is not consistent with the standard axiomatization of expected utility. Some illustrative examples are also provided. |
| Keywords: | Risk acceptance, networks, decision theory, expected utility, insurance |
| JEL: | D81 D85 G22 |
| Date: | 2015–04–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mol:ecsdps:esdp15076&r=ppm |
| By: | Aristotelis Boukouras |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a theoretical model for explaining the separation of ownership and control in fi rms. An entrepreneur hires a worker for providing effort to complete a project. The worker's effort determines the probability that the project is completed on time, but the worker receives private benefit s for every period she is employed. We show that hiring a manager on a short-term contract may increase firm value and we identify the conditions under which separation of ownership and control is optimal. |
| Keywords: | commitment problem, control rights, control structure, moral hazard, private bene t, separation of ownership and control, soft-budget constraint, strategic delegation |
| JEL: | D86 G34 J31 L22 L26 |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lec:leecon:15/02&r=ppm |
| By: | Vicente Correia Lima Neto; Daniel Rodrigues Aldigueri |
| Abstract: | O objetivo deste artigo é apontar a necessidade e a importância do uso de técnicas de análise multicritério (AMC) na avaliação do projeto de transportes segundo os grupos afetados. Essa importância também é avaliada considerando o perfil dos atores e mostrando a relevância da diferenciação dos pesos em relação às características desse perfil. Esta pesquisa foi aplicada a um tipo de ator, o usuário de rodovias federais, que compõe duas classes de motoristas: condutores de veículos leves e condutores de veículos pesados. Os impactos do projeto foram analisados em relação aos potenciais benefícios gerados para os usuários das rodovias, segundo os critérios utilizados em metodologia de análise de propostas de percepção dos usuários da estrada para a importância destes critérios e, consequentemente, seu impacto sobre a avaliação do projeto de estrada. Apurou-se que a distinção entre usuários, de acordo com as variáveis, tipo de veículo usado: veículo leve (VL) e veículo pesado (VP), região da rodovia onde será aplicado e o nível de escolaridade seria de grande importância na avaliação de projetos rodoviários. É visto que a determinação de perfis dos motoristas na rodovia é importante para a obtenção de pesos adequados para a avaliação do projeto da estrada; isso também pode ser feito para a ponderação de outros critérios utilizados em diversos métodos existentes de transporte geral concentrado em outros atores. The aim of this paper is to point out the need and importance of multi-criteria weighting in road project assessment in the interests of the group affected by the project. This importance is also assessed considering the actors’ profile, showing the relevance of the differentiation of the weights in relation to the profile characteristics. This research was applied to one type of actor, road users, divided into two classes of drivers: driver’s light vehicles (LV) and driver’s heavy vehicles (HV). These impacts of the road project were analyzed in relation to the potential benefits generated for road users, by the project, corresponding to the criteria utilized in the proposed analysis methodology of road users’ perception of the importance of these criteria and consequently its impact on the road project assessment. It was found that distinguishing between users according to the variables, type of vehicle used (HV or LV), region where the road will be implemented and the level of education would be of great importance in assessing road projects. It is seen that the determination of highway driver’s profiles is important for obtaining adequate weights for road project assessment: this can also be done for weighting other criteria used in other existing methods of general-transport project assessment and focus on others actors. |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2079&r=ppm |
| By: | César Nunes de Castro |
| Abstract: | A agricultura brasileira passou por um processo de modernização que ocorreu gradativamente entre a década de 1950 e os dias atuais. Fez parte dessa modernização a incorporação de práticas agrícolas mais eficientes com relação à produtividade. Entretanto, a agricultura brasileira enfrenta diversos obstáculos para o seu crescimento, um dos maiores é a infraestrutura de transportes deficiente. Esse texto trata dessa questão. O objetivo principal deste estudo é abordar a relação entre o agronegócio brasileiro e a infraestrutura de transportes necessária para permitir um desenvolvimento continuado das atividades agropecuárias no Brasil. Alternativas para se ampliar e modernizar a infraestrutura de transportes brasileira existem. Essas alternativas, por sua vez, enfrentam o obstáculo do financiamento.1 Por mais que elas sejam benéficas para o setor agropecuário, os recursos disponíveis para financiar muitos dos projetos são escassos. A resolução do problema de se melhorar a deficiente infraestrutura de transportes brasileira não é trivial, mas é uma que deve ser debatida pela sociedade e cobrada do poder público. Brazilian agriculture has undergone a process of modernization that occurred gradually since the 1950s to the present day. Part of this modernization included the use of more efficient agricultural practices with respect to agricultural yield. However, Brazilian agriculture still faces many obstacles to its further development, one of which is posed by the faulty transport and logistics infrastructure. This text deals with this issue. The main purpose of it is to address the relationship between agribusiness and logistics infrastructure necessary to allow Brazilian agriculture continued development. Alternatives to expand and modernize Brazilian transport infrastructure exist. These alternatives in turn face the problem of funding. As much as they are beneficial to the agricultural sector, the available resources to fund many of the projects are scarce. The resolution of such a challenge, to improve poor Brazilian logistics infrastructure, is not trivial, but it is one that must be addressed by society and public authorities. |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2074&r=ppm |
| By: | Klimczuk, Andrzej |
| Abstract: | The history of social innovation in country, challenges being addressed by social innovation. the key actors, who is promoting social innovation. A few of the key projects that illustrate social innovation. |
| Keywords: | Social Innovation |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:63877&r=ppm |