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on Post Keynesian Economics |
| By: | Rahul Lahoti, Arjun Jayadev and Sanjay Reddy (New School for Social Research, New York, NY) |
| Abstract: | We introduce the Global Consumption and Income Project (GCIP), which is developing two separate datasets (The Global Consumption Dataset (GCD) and The Global Income Dataset (GID)) containing an unprecedented portrait of consumption and income of persons over time, within and across countries, around the world. The benchmark version of the dataset presents estimates of monthly real consumption and income of every decile of the population (a ‘consumption/income profile’) for the vast majority of countries in the world (more than 130) for every year for more than half a century (1960-2012). We describe here its construction and provide an initial set of descriptive findings in order to showcase the possibilities for its use. |
| Keywords: | Consumption, Income, Growth, Global Income Distribution, Global Poverty, Inclusive Growth, Inequality, International Comparisons, National Accounts, Poverty, Poverty Measurement, Welfare |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:epa:cepawp:2014-10&r=pke |
| By: | Asian Development Bank (ADB); (Regional and Sustainable Development Department, ADB); ; |
| Abstract: | Increasing job opportunities and decent work for women are essential for advancing economic and social development in countries, because many women continue to experience gender inequalities at work. An analysis of strategies to counter gender discrimination and promote equality between men and women shows how a combination of good practices in law and in social and economic policy can improve equitable employment opportunities, remuneration,and treatment for women and men at work. This report provides some examples of good global legal practices to reverse unequal labor market outcomes for women and realize their economic potential to the full. It is part of a series consisting of: •Good Global Economic and Social Practices to Promote Gender Equality in the Labor Market •Good Global Legal Practices to Promote Gender Equality in the Labor Market •Gender Equality and the Labor Market: Cambodia, Kazakhstan, and the Philippines •Gender Equality in the Labor Market in Cambodia •Gender Equality in the Labor Market in the Philippines. |
| Keywords: | gender, women, labor market, global practices, legal, gender equality, asian development bank, adb, international labour organization, ilo, gad, gender and development, technical assistance, gender mainstreaming, discrimination, legislation, access to work, working women, recruitment, employment, international standards, minimum wage, equal remuneration, sexual harassment, labor clauses, public contracts, security, formal employment, informal employment, part-time work, short-term contracts, home workers, domestic workers, rural workers, entrepreneurs, cooperatives, social protection, maternity care, family leave, child care, association, collective bargaining, freedom of association, social dialogue |
| Date: | 2013–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asd:wpaper:rpt136183-3&r=pke |
| By: | Karolina MAJDZINSKA (Institute of Social Economy, Collegium of Socio-Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Poland) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to describe the aid and support provided for social economy in Poland, especially with respect to social cooperatives. In Poland idea of social economy spread after 1989. One example of social economy entity in Poland is new type of cooperative – social cooperative. Social cooperatives in the Polish legal order are the only type of a social enterprise entered in the legal system by a separate act in 2006. The Polish legislative body followed the model of social cooperatives type B, operating in Italy. Polish social cooperatives are an example not only of a social enterprise, but also a very good active social policy tool to actively counteract unemployment according to the principle “Jobs instead of benefits”. Due to this aspect, social cooperatives can also be interpreted in two ways – firstly, as a place of social employment (or supported employment) and secondly – simply as a subject of social economy. Those two ways of interpretation are connected with the possible aid and support for this kind of enterprises. These organizations may aid and support from different sources like: from authority/state – the governmental aid (e.g. special funding, special taxation rules), from European Union (EU) – EU funds, from others civil society organizations or non – governmental organizations (NGO’s) and at least from private sector. This paper starts with short description of polish model of social economy and the regulation about it. Author presents the information, regulation and data about actual position and situation of social economy in Poland. A key point of this part is the act of April 27th, 2006 on social cooperatives (Social Cooperatives Law Act of April 27th, 2006 – Journal of Laws of 2006 no. 94, item 651 as amended). Afterwards there are presented the dynamics of the aid and support and theirs influence on social cooperatives. Those analysis are at first more theoretical, but subsequently are also presented examples of the aid and support. In the summary author gives answers to four questions. Firstly, is the provision of aid and support rightful (in relation to fair/unfair competition)? Secondly, is the aid and support provided in the same manner in each Polish region? If there are any differences, how do they influence social cooperatives? Finally, is the aid and support delivered efficiently and, therefore, is the development of social cooperatives stimulated? |
| Keywords: | Aid, support, social cooperatives, social economy, social enterprise, Poland, active social policy, unemployment |
| JEL: | L38 P13 J68 |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crc:wpaper:1411&r=pke |
| By: | Elisabeth Nindl |
| Abstract: | The present papers establishes a framework that allows to investigate the determinants of the extensive and intensive margin of participation in the Fairtrade certification scheme. We use this knowlegde to identify a causal effect of Fairtrade certification on growth in the agricultural sector in low- and middle-income countries in order to assess whether participation in Fairtrade indeed reduces poverty among smallholders and marginalized farmers. First of all we compile a unique dataset on the number of Fairtrade certified producer cooperatives across countries and time. With this dataset at hand, the determinants of the extensive and intensive margin of participation in Fairtrade are modelled in a two-stage problem using a zero inflated negative binomial model. The growth regressions are estimated with a set of different estimation methods with Blundell-Bond system GMM estimation as our preferred method. We find that large countries with a labor intensive agricultural sector are most likely to have Fairtrade certified producer cooperatives. Finally, the growth regressions show that there is indeed a small positive effect on agricultural growth, suggesting that the benefits of Fairtrade (fixed minimum price, price premium etc.) indeed help to reduce poverty. |
| Keywords: | All low- and middle-income countries as listed by the World Bank , Agricultural issues, Developing countries |
| Date: | 2014–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ekd:006356:6866&r=pke |
| By: | Gregor Semieniuk (New School for Social Research, New York, NY) |
| Abstract: | This note examines Thomas Piketty’s (2014) explanation and prediction of simultaneously rising capital income ratio and profit share by an elasticity of substitution, σ, greater than one between labor and capital in an aggregate production function. Semieniuk reviews Piketty’s elasticity argument, which relies on a non-standard capital definition. In light of the theory of land rent, he discusses why the non-standard capital definition is problematic for estimating elasticities. For lack of existing results, Semieniuk makes a simple estimate of σ in the class of constant elasticity of substitution functions for Piketty’s data as well as for a subset of his capital measure that comes closer to the standard capital definition. The estimation results cast doubt on Piketty’s hypothesis of a σ greater than one. |
| Keywords: | Piketty, elasticity of substitution, capital definition, theory of rent, classical political economy, wealth |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:epa:cepawp:2014-8&r=pke |
| By: | Bögenhold, Dieter |
| Abstract: | This paper deals with methodological principles of Schumpeter’s academic writings. Those principles led Schumpeter to create diverse works and were reflected systematically in some of his writings, where Schumpeter emerged as a theorist of science. Besides working on specific topics, Schumpeter dealt systematically with methodological issues in different works. Schumpeter’s History of Economic Analysis, in particular, must be regarded as the one study among his diverse works, which is considered not only his latest but also his most relevant analysis concerning social sciences and the role of economics in relation to sociology, history and other academic branches. The substantial preface of the History of Economic Analysis can be regarded as a manual on how to refer to different academic branches and integrate them into a coherent universal social science, which is far removed from being an autistic, narrow economic science of some modern representation. Although Schumpeter’s History of Economic Analysis has been extensively printed in several editions, the idea is that the preface especially reveals somewhat neglected thoughts in Schumpeterian discourse. While Schumpeter is mostly regarded as a pioneer of evolutionary economics, this paper argues that Schumpeter could also, perhaps primarily, be interpreted as a well-reasoning institutionalist aiming at a universal social science. From today’s point of view, Schumpeter is a truly interdisciplinary theorist. |
| Keywords: | economics; sociology; Joseph A. Schumpeter; social science; history of economic thought; methodology |
| JEL: | A14 B31 |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:58115&r=pke |
| By: | Covi, Giovanni |
| Abstract: | The paper aims at understanding if the First Oil Shock has produced long-term effects to the economic system and its fundamentals, if it is still indirectly affecting the energy market and the growth rates of the Western Economies and Less Developed Countries. An historical perspective here will be used as an interpretative tool in order to discern the causes of the 1973’s events and its long-term consequences on the world economy during the two decades following the First Oil Shock. The circumstances and the causes by which the shock has developed, the happenings during the conflict, and the changes in the structure of the energy market play a key role for the analysis and therefore will be deeply investigated. |
| Keywords: | First Oil Shock; Sustainable Development; Long Waves; Oil; |
| JEL: | O11 Q32 Q43 |
| Date: | 2014–08–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:58130&r=pke |
| By: | Barbara Bruns; Javier Luque |
| Keywords: | Secondary Education Teaching and Learning Education - Education For All Education - Primary Education Tertiary Education |
| Date: | 2014–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:19507&r=pke |