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on Network Economics |
| By: | Amador, João; Cabral, Sónia |
| Abstract: | Global Value Chains (GVCs) became the paradigm for the production of most goods and services around the world. Hence, interconnections among countries can no longer be adequately assessed through standard bilateral gross trade flows and new methods of analysis are needed. In this paper, we compute measures of network analysis and apply visualisation tools to value added trade flows in order to understand the nature and dynamics of GVCs. The paper uses data on the bilateral foreign value added in exports for the period 1995-2011 and, in each year, GVCs are represented as directed networks of nodes (countries) and edges (value added flows). The analysis is extended beyond total trade flows to discuss the distinct roles of goods and services in GVCs. Moreover, the differences between Germany, the US, China and Russia as major suppliers of value added in GVCs are also examined. JEL Classification: F12, F14, C67 |
| Keywords: | global value chains, input-output tables, international trade, network analysis |
| Date: | 2016–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20161931&r=net |
| By: | Wohlrabe, Klaus; Sommer, Vera |
| Abstract: | In this paper we reconsider the investigation by \cite{moosa2016} using a much larger data set of almost one million articles listed in RePEc. This article provides new insights into the effects of co-authorship on citation counts and the correlation between quality of papers and quality of the publishing journal. Our evidence is partially in contrast to the results reported in Moosa (2016). We find a positive correlation between the h-index of a journal and the quality of papers measured in terms of citations. This correlation becomes almost perfect using a non-linear model. Results from a regression of citation counts on the number of authors show evidence of a positive and significant effect of co-authorship on the quality of a paper when time effects and large sets of top-cited articles are taken into account. The inclusion of time effects and the large data set, that allows to differentiate between top-cited cohorts, add further insights to the existing literature. |
| Keywords: | Citations, multiple authorship, journal quality, RePEc |
| JEL: | A12 A14 |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:73292&r=net |
| By: | Candogan, Ozan (University of Chicago); Epitropou, Markos (University of Pennsylvania); Vohra, Rakesh V. (University of Pennsylvania) |
| Abstract: | Under full substitutability of preferences, it has been shown that a competitive equilibrium exists in trading networks,and is equivalent (after a restriction to equilibrium trades) to (chain) stable outcomes. In this paper, we formulate the problem of finding an efficient outcome as a generalized submodular flow problem on a suitable network. Equivalence with seemingly weaker notions of stability follows directly from the optimality conditions, in particular the absence of improvement cycles in the flow problem. Our formulation yields strongly polynomial algorithms for finding competitive equilibria in trading networks, and testing (chain) stability. |
| Keywords: | Trading networks, competitive equilibrium, stability, submodular flow problems, discrete convexity |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ihs:ihsesp:323&r=net |
| By: | Fesselmeyer, Eric (National University of Singapore); Liu, Haoming (National University of Singapore) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the network externality of a public transit system by examining the effects of its expansion on the housing market. Our results show that a major expansion of Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system increased the price of apartments within 0.5 km of a pre-expansion station by 1.6% to 2.1% relative to apartments that were further away from a station. Evaluated at the mean housing price, the expansion increased the value of pre-connected apartments by at least S$386 million, which is equivalent to about 8% of the estimated S$5 billion cost of the expansion. |
| Keywords: | public transportation, housing, network effects |
| JEL: | H4 R21 R42 H23 |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10142&r=net |
| By: | Chatterjee, Susmita; Datta, Debabrata; Banerjee, Ranjan |
| Abstract: | The logic for state monopoly of public utilities arises from increasing returns to scale and the concern that private business in these areas results in monopolistic exploitation of consumers. The state monopoly however is fraught with the danger of production inefficiency. In this backdrop, the market form of mixed oligopoly is contemplated in markets like health, education, electricity, gas, telecommunications, etc, where public and private sector coexists. The private firms maximize profit but the public firm maximizes social welfare. Despite this theoretical exposition, it is often observed that public firms fail to make contributions according to their potentiality. As a result the issue of social welfare gets a short shrift. While assessing the behaviour and performance of the firm in this setup we must know the objective functions and the constraints. The asymmetry of objectives between private and public firms and the asymmetry of constraints may explain the below par performance of public firms. This needs focus on the existing theoretical construct on mixed oligopoly and empirical consideration of the performance of some specific public firm. In this paper we study the state owned Indian telecom company Bharat Shanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) to get an understanding of performance of mixed oligopoly. |
| Keywords: | Mixed oligopoly, public sector firm, welfare |
| JEL: | D63 H83 |
| Date: | 2016–07–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:72949&r=net |