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on Network Economics |
| By: | Alberto Baccini; Lucio Barabesi; Marzia Marcheselli |
| Abstract: | The exploratory analysis developed in this paper relies on the hypothesis that each editor possesses some power in the definition of the editorial policy of her journal. Consequently if the same scholar sits on the board of two journals, those journals could have some common elements in their editorial policies. The proximity of the editorial policies of two scientific journals can be assessed by the number of common editors sitting on their boards. A database of all editors of the journals classified as “Statistics & Probability” in the Journal of Citation Report by ISI-Thomson is used. The structure of the network generated by the interlocking editorship is explored applying the instruments of network analysis. Evidences are found of a very compact network. This is interpreted as the result of a common perspective about the appropriate methods for investigating the problems and constructing the theories in the domain of statistics |
| Keywords: | Networks; Journals; Editorial boards; Interlocking editorship; Statisticians |
| JEL: | A |
| Date: | 2008–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usi:wpaper:524&r=net |
| By: | John Hartman (University of California Santa Barbara) |
| Abstract: | Heterogeneity is important in some settings. One such instance involves congested networks with tolls, since people trade time for money at different rates. This paper reports results from two experiments that examine these issues. In both experiments, subjects choose between traveling on an indirect route that does not congest and a direct toll route that congests as more subjects travel on it. In the first experiment, values of time are assigned to subjects. Subjects generally sort themselves with high value-of-time subjects choosing the toll route. I also find that as the cost of deviating from the equilibrium prediction increases, subjects are more likely to make choices consistent with equilibrium. In other words, coordination problems diminish as value-of-time heterogeneity increases. The second experiment simulates a boring commute in which subjects must wait after the experimental rounds are finished. Subjects can give up money for reduced waiting time in this experiment by traveling on the toll route. In this experiment, some subjects travel the toll route frequently, giving up some of their payout in order to reduce their waiting time after the experiment. These choices are likely based on individuals' values of time, since aggregate behavior differs by session. There is also evidence that subjects with time constraints travel the toll route more often than other subjects. |
| Keywords: | congestion, Pigou-Knight-Downs paradox, experiment, toll, value of time, externalities, heterogeneity, |
| Date: | 2007–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:ucsbec:15-07&r=net |
| By: | Roberto Fontana (University of Pavia); Alessandro Nuvolari (Eindhoven University of Technology); Bart Verspagen (Eindhoven University of Technology) |
| Keywords: | Technical systems, Technological trajectories, Patents, Network analysis, Data communications |
| JEL: | O30 O33 L96 |
| Date: | 2007–02–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sru:ssewps:166&r=net |
| By: | Broström, Anders (CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Royal Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | R&D managers at 50 firms randomly selected from all firms who have formal relations with two research universities in Stockholm are being interviewed about their rationales for collaboration. Drawing on this material, a distinctive typology of rationales and the therewith associated effects from cooperative relations is presented. As expected, rationales related to innovation, in terms of invented or improved products or processes, are found to be the main drivers for interaction. As regards the nature of the innovation process leading to innovation, most respondents indicate that “indirect” relationships between collaboration outcomes and successful innovation dominate over “direct” appropriation of results. Contrasting open ended search rationales with pursuit of defined objectives, we find that both types are strongly represented among the studied collaborative linkages. We also find that interaction rationales often go beyond the pursuit of innovation per se; firms also work with university researchers to access academic networks, to develop its human capital and to realise direct business opportunities. The consequences of these findings for policy measures steered towards the strengthening of collaborative university-industry linkages are discussed. |
| Keywords: | R&D collaboration; technology transfer; university-industry linkages; innovation collaboration |
| JEL: | O32 O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2008–02–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0115&r=net |
| By: | Lindelauf, R.; Borm, P.E.M.; Hamers, H.J.M. (Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | In order to be able to devise successful strategies for destabilizing terrorist organizations it is vital to recognize and understand their structural properties. This paper deals with the opti- mal communication structure of terrorist organizations when considering the tradeoff between secrecy and operational efficiency. We use elements from game theory and graph theory to determine the `optimal' communication structure a covert network should adopt. Every covert organization faces the constant dilemma of staying secret and ensuring the necessary coordina- tion between its members. For several different secrecy and information scenarios this dilemma is modeled as a game theoretic bargaining problem over the set of connected graphs of given order. Assuming uniform exposure probability of individuals in the network we show that the Nash bargaining solution corresponds to either a network with a central individual (the star graph) or an all-to-all network (the complete graph) depending on the link detection probabil- ity, which is the probability that communication between individuals will be detected. If the probability that an individual is exposed as member of the network depends on the information hierarchy determined by the structure of the graph, the Nash bargaining solution corresponds to cellular-like networks. |
| Keywords: | covert networks;terrorist networks;Nash bargaining;game theory;information;secrecy. |
| JEL: | C50 C78 |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:kubcen:200823&r=net |
| By: | Kyoji Fukao; Toshihiro Okubo |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the causes of the decline in Japan's border effect in four machinery industries (electrical, general, precision, and transportation machinery) by estimating gravity equations for Japan's international and interregional trade. In the estimation, we explicitly take account of firms' networks. We find that ownership relations usually enhance trade between two regions (countries); moreover, we find that we can explain 35% of the decline in Japan's border effect from 1980 to 1995 in the electrical machinery industry by the increase of international networks. |
| Keywords: | Gravity Model, Border Effect, Networks, Fragmentation |
| JEL: | F14 F17 F21 L14 |
| Date: | 2008–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hst:hstdps:d07-238&r=net |
| By: | Mislav Ante Omazić (Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb); Dario Blažeković |
| Abstract: | Access to advanced ideas, specific information, advanced expertise, accumulated experience and applicable knowledge are key competitive determinants of those that want to prosper in knowledge based society. In other words human capital is principal competitive advantage of knowledge based economies. Trends in today’s world are making us rethink the methods of delivering knowledge. In order to answer to those trends and as a proactive effort to foster their global competitiveness top students from two most influenced graduate schools (Faculty of Economics and Business and Faculty Electrical Engineering and Computing both within University of Zagreb) in Croatia gathered within eSTUDENT initiative and they have started project “Virtual Mentorship”. Its primary goal is to initialize and organize cooperation between senior undergraduate students from Croatian universities and acknowledged members of academic society and business world who live abroad but do have originated from Croatia. Purpose of the project is to establish mentor-protégé relationship between these two parties that will enable students to learn and improve their knowledge as well as gain new skills through quality virtual communication with respectable scientists and professionals. This project has a great potential and significance for development of Croatian system of education as well as for improvement of Croatian labor competitiveness in general. Its significance lies primarily on impacts that Virtual Mentorship has on educational system. |
| Keywords: | mentorship, virtual, knowledge sharing, networking, distance learning |
| Date: | 2008–01–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zag:wpaper:0801&r=net |