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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Trung Thanh Nguyen; Manh Hung Do |
| Abstract: | This research aimed to examine the factors affecting the participation of female rural-urban migrants in online marketplaces, the welfare gains and their distribution from the participation. Our analysis was based on the data of 373 female rural-urban migrants in Thailand and Vietnam. Online market participation is classified into three activities, financial transaction, trading, and business. We accounted for the endogeneity issue of online market participation in welfare impact assessment by using an instrumental variable approach. Our results show that the participation has a positive effect on the consumption of female migrants only when they participate in the complete bundle of online market activities. In addition, we also find that the poor benefit insignificantly from online marketplaces. This raises a concern of increasing welfare inequality and suggests that the poor should be supported in order not to be left behind. |
| Keywords: | Impact; Welfare, Poverty, Endogenous, Heterogeneity, Instrumental variable |
| JEL: | O18 R11 I30 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tvs:wpaper:wp-026&r= |
| By: | David Granada Donato |
| Abstract: | This document explores the implications of a migratory shock (in the form of household member(s) leaving) on the labour market behaviour of individuals left-behind in Vietnam. In addition, various coping mechanisms exhibited by each age group and their implications regarding sectoral labour allocation are further explored. Using panel data of 2,200 households in six waves and a DiD specification, the results suggest an increase in the likelihood of working for the elderly in agriculture that is most likely associated with higher labour invested in livestock activities. The results are robust to different specifications. Moreover, this coping mechanism of increased work is exhibited by those families that do not receive remittances and seems to last (even increase) for up to three periods after the migratory shock occurs. Interestingly, there is also evidence of diminishing returns on working probability when the share of migrants in the household increase. |
| Keywords: | Migration, Left-Behind, Labour Market, Agriculture |
| JEL: | J61 O15 P25 R23 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tvs:wpaper:wp-023&r= |
| By: | Kopliku Dema, Bresena; Drishti, Elvisa |
| Abstract: | Purpose: The Albanian migration has always reflected a family character, be that before 1945 when Albania was not yet completely isolated, as well as after 1990 when borders were reopened. This feature characterized all types of movement, internal or international, permanent or seasonal migration, return migration or transnational movements, and remigration. The role of the family has been very important in making decisions regarding migration and answering questions from why to how to migrate, from when to where, whom to ask for help or how to invest remittances. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the case study of a rural area in Northern Albania, The Administrative Unit of Dajç, this article explores in detail the roles of family and kinship on decisions regarding return migration, the re-adjustment process, remigration or transnational life. Findings: By exploring the role of the family context in remigration and vice-versa the article reflects that the family biography - including the lifestyle, plans for the future or expectations - has changed due to previous migration experiences or challenges and difficulties when returning to the home country. Originality/value: It demonstrates how individual decisions to migrate or to 'return home' are negotiated and supported within families making transnational life a family project. The article adopts a new approach in the Albanian Migration Studies which may be implied on broader areas for further research in the future. |
| Keywords: | Albania,family,migration,return,transnationalism |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1139&r= |
| By: | Blanco-Álvarez, Jose (University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain); Parsons, Christopher (University of Western Australia); Tang, Sam (University of Western Australia); Wang, Yong (City University of Hong Kong) |
| Abstract: | We examine how low and high skilled internal emigration causally affect investments in human capital at origin. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence of a disincentive mechanism through which individuals refrain from education should low skilled emigration prove a viable alternative. Our identification strategy leverages administrative records of labor contracts of differing skills signed at migrants' provincial destinations. We document large Brain Gain and Brain Refrain effects. Our results paradoxically demonstrate an improvement in human capital given the trajectory of the Spanish labor market over our sample period. When juxtaposed against provinces' net human capital positions however, most provinces lose. |
| Keywords: | brain drain, brain gain, brain refrain, internal migration, low skilled migration, high skilled migration |
| JEL: | F22 |
| Date: | 2022–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15400&r= |
| By: | Sascha O. Becker (Monash U and U Warwick, CAGE, CEHANU, CEPR, CESifo, CReAM, ifo, IZA, ROA, and SoDaLabs); Sharun Mukand (U Warwick and CAGE); Ivan Yotzov (U Warwick and CAGE) |
| Abstract: | Persecution, pogroms, and genocide have plagued humanity for centuries, costing millions of lives and haunting survivors. Economists and economic historians have recently made new contributions to the understanding of these phenomena. We provide a novel conceptual framework which highlights the inter-relationship between the intensity of persecution and migration patterns across dozens of historical episodes. Using this framework as a lens, we survey the growing literature on the causes and consequences of persecution, pogroms, and genocide. Finally, we discuss gaps in the literature and take several tentative steps towards explaining the differences in survival rates of European Jews in the 20th century. |
| Keywords: | Genocide, Persecution, Migration, Immigration restrictions, Exit or Voice |
| JEL: | D74 F22 F51 N4 O15 R23 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2022-18&r= |
| By: | Andrea Cinque; Lennart Reiners |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effects of international migration restrictions on communities’ capacity to absorb income shocks after natural catastrophes. We adopt the implementation of an emigration ban on female Indonesians as a natural experiment. After an array of violent assaults against female servants in Saudi Arabia, the Indonesian government issued a moratorium in 2011, preventing millions of female workers to migrate there as domestic workers. Exploiting the exogenous timing of the ban and that of natural disasters allows us to estimate the causal effect of the absence of international migration as an adaptive strategy. Relying on a panel of the universe of Indonesian villages, we use a triple difference strategy to compare poverty levels in the aftermath of natural disasters for villages whose main destination is Saudi Arabia against others, before and after the policy shock. We find that in villages with strong ex-ante propensity to migrate to Saudi Arabia, poverty increases by 13% in face of natural disasters after the ban, further aggravating the already severe consequences induced by those events. |
| Keywords: | migration, natural disasters, Indonesia, migration ban |
| JEL: | F22 J61 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9837&r= |