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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Marit Hinnosaar; Elaine M. Liu |
| Abstract: | How malleable is alcohol consumption? Specifically, how much is alcohol consumption driven by the current environment versus individual characteristics? To answer this question, we analyze changes in alcohol purchases when consumers move from one state to another in the United States. Right after moving, movers’ alcohol purchases converge sharply toward the average level in their destination state, implying that the current environment explains about two-thirds of the differences in alcohol purchases. The adjustment takes place both on the extensive and intensive margin. |
| Keywords: | alcohol, geographic variation, migration, taxes, regulation. |
| JEL: | I12 L66 D12 I18 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cca:wpaper:620&r=all |
| By: | Claudio Deiana; Vikram Maheshri; Giovanni Mastrobuoni |
| Abstract: | The Central Mediterranean Sea is the world’s most dangerous crossing for irregular migrants. In response to mounting deaths, European nations intensified search and rescue operations in 2013. We develop a model of irregular migration to identify the effects of these operations. Leveraging plausibly exogenous variation from rapidly varying crossing conditions, we find that smugglers responded by sending boats in adverse weather and shifting from seaworthy boats to flimsy rafts. In doing so, these operations induced more crossings, ultimately offsetting their intended safety benefits. A more successful policy should restrict the supply of rafts and expand legal alternatives to irregular migration. |
| Keywords: | Central Mediterranean sea crossings, international, undocumented, irregular migration, search and rescue operations, rubber boats, deaths. |
| JEL: | F22 H12 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cca:wpaper:636&r=all |
| By: | Bellemare, Charles (Université Laval); Kyui, Natalia (Bank of Canada); Lacroix, Guy (Université Laval) |
| Abstract: | We show that survey and administrative data-based estimates of a panel data model of earnings, employment, and outmigration yield very different qualitative and quantitative predictions. Survey-based estimates substantially overpredict outmigration, in particular for lower performing immigrants. Consequently, employment and earnings of immigrants who remain in the country are overpredicted relative to model predictions from administrative data. Importantly, estimates from both data sources find opposite self-selection mechanisms into outmigration. Differences hold despite using the same cohort, survey period, and observable characteristics. Differences in predictions are driven by difficulties of properly separating non-random sample attrition from selective outmigration in survey data. |
| Keywords: | sample attrition, outmigration, measurement errors, employment and earnings |
| JEL: | C33 J31 J15 J61 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14217&r=all |
| By: | Gaurav Khanna; Wenquan Liang; Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak; Ran Song |
| Abstract: | Migration and pollution are two defining features of China's impressive growth performance over the last 30 years. In this paper we study the migration response to pollution in Chinese cities, and its consequences for productivity and welfare. We document a robust pattern in which skilled workers emigrate more in response to pollution than the unskilled. Their greater sensitivity to air quality holds up in cross-sectional variation across cities, panel variation with individual fixed-effects, and when instrumenting for pollution using distant power-plants upwind of cities, or thermal inversions that trap pollution. Pollution therefore changes the spatial distribution of skilled and unskilled workers, which results in higher returns to skill in cities that the educated migrate away from. We quantify the loss in aggregate productivity due to this re-sorting by estimating a model of demand and supply of skilled and unskilled workers across Chinese cities. Counterfactual simulations from the estimated model show that reducing pollution would increase productivity through spatial re-sorting by approximately as much as the direct health benefits of clean air. Physical and institutional restrictions on mobility exacerbate welfare losses. People's dislike of pollution explains a substantial portion of the wage gap between cities. |
| JEL: | E24 J61 O18 Q52 R12 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28401&r=all |
| By: | Honorata Bogusz (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, Labfam, Data Science Lab WNE UW) |
| Abstract: | In this article I provide a quantitative analysis of suburban migration patterns in Warsaw, Poland. Basing this analysis on the extended gravity model of migration, an econometric panel model was built to identify key pulling factors for migrants who move from Warsaw to its suburbs. The role of residential lot prices and the resulting possible endogeneity are also discussed. It was confirmed that migrants choose boroughs of greater population density that have higher average relative income and more amenities, but at a smaller distance to Warsaw’s city center and with lower residential lot prices relative to those in Warsaw. |
| Keywords: | gravity model of migration, suburbanization, Mundlak terms, Correlated Random Effects |
| JEL: | R23 P25 C23 C51 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2021-01&r=all |
| By: | Chenevier, Randall; Piper, Alan T.; Willis, Craig |
| Abstract: | Every year many Chileans migrate, an increasing trend. Academic literature often highlights the roles of individual well-being and crime among important reasons for migration in general. We contribute to this literature by focusing on Chile. This investigation considers, with multiple years of a secondary dataset, the intention to migrate and, with a primary data sample, the post migration life of Chileans. We find that Chileans are more likely to migrate if they are less satisfied with life, have themselves or a family member been a victim of crime, are highly dissatisfied with their income, at least reasonably well-educated, self-employed and male. We also present tentative evidence that, for those who have migrated, being a victim of crime when in Chile is associated with greater life satisfaction in the host country. Policy implications are also presented, reflecting the desire of the Chilean government desire to slow this increasing trend of migration. |
| Keywords: | Crime; Migration; Life Satisfaction; Chile; Latinobarometer |
| JEL: | F22 I31 N36 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:106502&r=all |
| By: | Isil R. Yavuz (Bryant University); Berrak Bahadir (Department of Economics, Florida International University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the moderating influence of home country ethnic diversity in the relationship between migrant remittances and new business creation in developing countries. By employing the theories of transaction cost, social network, social identity, and trust, we argue that ethnic diversity is negatively associated with new business creation; nevertheless, it strengthens the positive association between migrant remittances and new business creation in developing countries. We test our hypotheses on 64 developing countries over an 11-year period (2006-2016). This paper contributes to entrepreneurship literature by emphasizing the importance of home country ethnic diversity in channeling migrants’ remittances to new business creation in developing countries. |
| Keywords: | Migrant Remittances, New Business Creation, Ethnic Diversity, Developing Countries |
| JEL: | L26 M13 J15 F24 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fiu:wpaper:2110&r=all |
| By: | Yselle F. Malah (Yaounde, Cameroon); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | The paper explores the dark side of economic openness by examining empirically the nexus between the globalization process and human trafficking. Specifically, it is about showing in a global perspective how the growing process of free movement of people, goods, capital, services and information technology make the globe a connected web of activity for the sale and exploitation of human beings. After discussing some transmission channels through which globalization could increase this practice based on the lessons from the literature, an empirical analysis is done by employing OLS and Probit regressions on a cross-sectional model covering 130 countries worldwide. Findings, robust to the consideration of the sub-regional specificities and controlling for social, cultural and historical factors, suggest that globalization, particularly financial and cultural, favors human trafficking. In the light of these results, some policy recommendations are discussed. |
| Keywords: | globalization, human trafficking, cross section model |
| JEL: | F53 C21 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:21/020&r=all |
| By: | Sandrine Mesplé-Somps (DIAL - Développement, institutions et analyses de long terme, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres); Björn Nilsson (DIAL - Développement, institutions et analyses de long terme) |
| Abstract: | Household surveys carried out in Mali in 2011 and 2016 show that Malian migrants are now moving more towards emerging dynamic African countries not bordering with Mali and towards Ivory Coast, a historic destination, than towards France and the Europeans countries. Migrant remittances go relatively more to wealthy households, thus reinforcing inequalities, but they remain, even if they are of limited weight, a significant factor in poverty reduction. |
| Abstract: | Les enquêtes effectuées au Mali auprès des ménages en 2011 et 2016 montrent que les migrants maliens s'orientent dorénavant plus vers des pays africains non limitrophes avec le Mali et vers la Côte d'Ivoire, destination historique, que vers la France et les pays européens. Les transferts de fonds des migrants vont relativement plus vers les ménages aisés, renforçant ainsi les inégalités, mais ils demeurent, même s'ils sont d'un poids limité, un facteur non négligeable de réduction de la pauvreté. |
| Keywords: | Remittances,Mali,Transfert de fonds des migrants |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03105641&r=all |