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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Michel Beine (Department of Economics and Management, Université du Luxembourg); Arnaud Dupuy (Department of Economics and Management, Université du Luxembourg); Majlinda Joxhe (Department of Economics and Management, Université du Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | This paper documents data about migration intentions collected through a survey conducted between September and December 2019 in the city of Tirana (Albania). The information contained in the data belongs to three main categories: (i) the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects interviewed (ii) their migration intentions in the form of rankings of preferred destinations within Europe as well as worldwide, and (iii) measures of their risk and time preferences. The data collection involved two different approaches. First, incentivized lab-in-the-field laboratory games were used to elicit risk and time preferences of the subjects. Second, a randomized experiment with respect to the preferred migration destinations was used to unveil the importance of information about potential destinations when individuals rank destinations. Descriptive statistics of the data indicate that approximately 72% of the subjects in our sample express the desire to migrate in the future. The country ranked as most preferred European destination is Germany, while worldwide the US rank first. About 57% of the subjects consider the level of earnings at destination as the most important attribute to decide where to emigrate. We find further that, when provided with official statistics about earnings at destinations, 26% of individuals change their most preferred destination. Interestingly, the data suggest that this change is twice as much prevailing for those with no intention to migrate than for intended movers. Finally, whether we provide more than just information about earnings or not does not seem to matter much. |
| Keywords: | Field Experiment, Data Collection, Albania, Intended Migration |
| JEL: | C93 C81 F22 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:20-14&r=all |
| By: | Amaia Palencia-Esteban (Universidade de Vigo); Coral del RiÌ o (Universidade de Vigo) |
| Abstract: | The concentration of different social groups in certain occupations creates and perpetuates inequalities inside and outside the labor market. This paper quantifies the economic and well-being consequences of occupational segregation by gender and migration status in 12 European countries. The effects are negative for most foreign workers, especially for women, who always derive larger welfare losses than men. In general, these losses are remarkably high in southeast Europe and smaller in the northwest, whereas immigrant men derive very small gains in Portugal and the UK. Female natives are also deprived in most countries. However, immigrants’ characteristics, particularly education, explain a significant part of these geographical disparities. In fact, while the UK is in a somewhat better position thanks to its immigrants' higher educational levels, the counterfactual analysis reinforces Portugal's good position, reflecting higher levels of labor market integration among its immigrant population. |
| Keywords: | Occupational segregation, welfare, gender, immigration, Europe. |
| JEL: | D63 F22 J10 |
| Date: | 2020–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inq:inqwps:ecineq2020-533&r=all |
| By: | Kai Barron (Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin); Heike Harmgart (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, London, UK, and Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin); Steffen Huck (Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin); Sebastian Schneider (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn); Matthias Sutter (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn) |
| Abstract: | We measure the prevalence of discrimination between Jordanian host and Syrian refugee children attending school in Jordan. Using a simple sharing experiment, we find only little discrimination. Among the Jordanian children, however, we see that those who descended from Palestinian refugees do not discriminate at all, suggesting that a family history of refugee status can generate solidarity with new refugees. We also find that parents’ narratives about the refugee crisis are correlated with the degree of discrimination, suggesting that discriminatory preferences are being transmitted through parental attitudes |
| Keywords: | Discrimination, refugees, children, experiment, integration |
| JEL: | C91 D90 J15 C93 J13 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpg:wpaper:2020_13&r=all |
| By: | Alexander Subbotin (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Samin Aref (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany) |
| Abstract: | We study international mobility in academia with a focus on migration of researchers to and from Russia. Using millions of Scopus publications from 1996 to 2019, we analyze detailed records of more than half a million researchers who have published with a Russian affiliation address at some point in their careers. Migration of researchers is observed through the changes in their affiliation addresses. We compute net migration rates based on incoming and outgoing flows of researchers which indicate that while Russia has been a donor country in the late 1990s and early 2000s, in more recent years, it has experienced relatively balanced flows and a symmetric circulation of researchers. Using subject categories of publications, we obtain a profile of possibly mixed disciplines for each researcher. This allows us to quantify the impact of migration on each field of science. For a country assumed to be losing scientists, our analysis shows that while Russia has suffered a net loss in most disciplines and more so in pharmacology, agriculture, environmental science, and energy, it is actually on the winning side of a brain circulation system for dentistry, psychology, and chemistry. For the discipline of nursing, there is a balanced circulation of researchers to and from Russia. Our substantive results reveal new aspects of international mobility in academia and its impact on a national science system which could inform policy development. Methodologically, our new approach can be adopted as a framework of analysis for studying scholarly migration in other countries. |
| Keywords: | Russian Federation, bibliographies, brain drain, circular migration, computational demography, computational social science, digital demography, information sciences, international migration, labor migration, libraries, library science |
| JEL: | J1 Z0 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dem:wpaper:wp-2020-025&r=all |