|
on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Maurice Kugler (UNDP); Oren Levintal (Department of Economics, Bar-Ilan University); Hillel Rapoport (Paris School of Economics, University Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | The gravity model has provided a tractable empirical framework to account for bilateral flows not only of manufactured goods, as in the case of merchandise trade, but also of financial flows. In particular, recent literature has emphasized the role of information costs in preventing larger diversification of financial investments. This paper investigates the role of migration in alleviating information imperfections between home and host countries. We show that the impact of migration on financial flows is strongest where information problems are more acute (that is, for more informational sensitive investments and between more culturally distant countries) and for the type of migrants that are most able to enhance the flow of information, namely, skilled migrants. We interpret these differential effects as additional evidence pointing to the role of information in generating home-bias and as new evidence of the role of migration in reducing information frictions between countries. |
| Keywords: | Migration, international financial flows, international loans, gravity models, information asymmetries |
| JEL: | F21 F22 O1 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1317&r=mig |
| By: | Olper, Alessandro; Raimondi, Valentina; Cavicchioli, Daniele; Vigani, Mauro |
| Abstract: | The paper deals with the determinants of labour out-migration from agriculture across 149 EU regions over the 1990-2008 period. The central aim is to shed light on the role played by CAP payments on this important adjustment process. Using static and dynamic panel data estimators, we show that standard neo-classic drivers, like the relative income and the relative labour share, represent significant determinants of the inter-sectoral migration of agricultural labour. Overall, CAP payments contributed significantly to job creation in agriculture, although the magnitude of the economic effect was quite moderate. We also found that Pillar I subsidies exerted an effect approximately two times greater than that of Pillar II payments. |
| Keywords: | Out-farm Migration, Labour Markets, CAP Payments, Panel Data Analysis, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, Labor and Human Capital, Q12, Q18, O13, J21, J43, J60, |
| Date: | 2013–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iatr13:152326&r=mig |
| By: | David Atkin (Economic Growth Center, Yale University) |
| Abstract: | Anthropologists have long documented substantial and persistent differences across social groups in the preferences and taboos for particular foods. One natural question to ask is whether such food cultures matter in an economic sense. In particular, can culture constrain caloric intake and contribute to malnutrition? To answer this question, I first document that inter-state migrants within India consume fewer calories per Rupee of food expenditure compared to their non-migrant neighbors, even for households with very low caloric intake. I then form a chain of evidence in support of an explanation based on culture: that migrants make nutritionally-suboptimal food choices due to cultural preferences for the traditional foods of their origin states. First, I focus on the preferences themselves and document that migrants bring their origin-state food preferences with them when they migrate. Second, I link together the findings on caloric intake and preferences by showing that the gap in caloric intake between locals and migrants is related to the suitability and intensity of the migrants’ origin-state food preferences: the most adversely affected migrants (households in which both husband and wife migrated to a village where their origin-state preferences are unsuited to the local price vector) would consume 7 percent more calories if they possessed the same preferences as their neighbors. |
| Keywords: | Culture, Food Preferences, Migration, India, Nutrition |
| JEL: | I10 O10 Z10 D12 |
| Date: | 2013–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egc:wpaper:1028&r=mig |
| By: | Olper, A.; Raimondi, V.; Cavicchioli, D.; Vigani, M. |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, Labor and Human Capital, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, |
| Date: | 2013–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iatr13:152328&r=mig |
| By: | Elsayed, Ahmed (Maastricht University); de Grip, Andries (ROA, Maastricht University) |
| Abstract: | We study the effect that a series of fundamentalist-Islamic terrorist attacks in Europe had on the attitudes of Muslim immigrants in the Netherlands towards integration. Shortly after the attacks, Muslim immigrants' perceived integration, as measured by various indicators, decreased significantly relative to that of non-Muslims immigrants whereas there is no evidence for the existence of a negative trend in the integration of Muslims prior to the terrorist attacks. We further show that terrorism has a particularly negative impact on the integration of the highly educated, employed, and less religious Muslims – those who arguably have a strong potential for integration. |
| Keywords: | terrorism, integration, Muslim immigrants |
| JEL: | F22 J15 Z13 |
| Date: | 2013–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7530&r=mig |
| By: | Coulter, Rory (University of Cambridge); van Ham, Maarten (Delft University of Technology); Findlay, Allan M. (University of St. Andrews) |
| Abstract: | While researchers are increasingly reconceptualising international migration, less interest is being shown in rethinking the geographies of short-distance residential mobility and immobility. Short-distance moves are crucial for the structuration of everyday life, the operation of housing and labour markets and the (re)production of social inequalities. This paper argues that a deeper understanding of residential mobility and immobility can be gained by exploring developments in longitudinal analysis while seeking theoretical innovations derived from extending life course theories. Rethinking the geographies of residential mobility around notions of 'linked lives' will allow us to understand, critique and address major contemporary challenges. |
| Keywords: | biography, life course, linked lives, longitudinal analysis, relationality, residential mobility |
| JEL: | J61 R23 |
| Date: | 2013–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7525&r=mig |
| By: | Liu, Yanyan; Yamauchi, Futoshi |
| Abstract: | Rapid population growth in many developing countries has raised concerns regarding food security and household welfare. To understand the consequences of population growth on in the general equilibrium setting, we examine the dynamics of population density and its impacts on household outcomes using panel data from Indonesia. More specifically we explicitly highlight the importance of migration to urban sectors in the analysis. Empirical results show that human capital in the household determines the effect of increased population density on per capita household consumption expenditure. The effect of population density is positive if the average educational attainment is high (above junior high school), while it is negative otherwise. |
| Keywords: | Population growth, Migration, Land ownership, Rural economy, economic growth, Education, High value agriculture, Land rights, rural areas, |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1271&r=mig |
| By: | Sjaak Braster (Erasmus University Rotterdam); Jaap Dronkers (Maastricht University) |
| Abstract: | According to Robert Putnam (2007) ethnic diversity in cities and neighborhoods does not lead to an increase of trust and social capital as previously predicted by intergroup contact theory (Pettigrew, 1998); instead it triggers a reaction of hunkering down that leads to a decrease in trust and social capital of both in-group and out-groups. But what happens if we focus on youngsters that are growing up in a multi-ethnic metropole, that are considering ethnic diversity as a something "normal", and that are bridging their ethnic differences by sharing a common street culture and language? In this article we use data about 905 pupils, 41 classes and 11 schools in a European metropole to confirm the hypothesis that in this specific context ethnic diversity in classrooms does lead to positive effects on educational performance. |
| Keywords: | ethnic diversity, educational performance, classroom effects, multi-ethnic cities |
| Date: | 2013–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1318&r=mig |
| By: | Boschman, Sanne (Delft University of Technology); van Ham, Maarten (Delft University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | The selective inflow and outflow of residents by ethnicity is the main mechanism behind ethnic residential segregation. Many studies have found that ethnic minorities are more likely than others to move to ethnic minority concentration neighbourhoods. An important question which remains largely unanswered is to what extent this can be explained by own group preferences, or by other neighbourhood or housing market factors. By using longitudinal register data from the Netherlands, this study contributes to the literature on neighbourhood selection by ethnic minorities in two ways. First, it distinguishes between different ethnic minority groups where most studies look at the group as a whole. Second, it takes into account multiple dimensions of neighbourhoods where most other studies look at neighbourhoods one-dimensionally, which allows us to test the own group preferences hypothesis. Using a conditional logit model we find that housing market constraints can partly explain the selection of ethnic minorities into minority concentration neighbourhoods. Also own-group preferences are found to be important in explaining neighbourhood selection. There are, however, differences between ethnic minority groups. Own-group preferences and housing market constraints together explain why Surinamese and Antilleans select into minority concentration neighbourhoods. When these factors are taken into account, Turks and Moroccans are still found to select into concentration neighbourhoods of ethnic minorities other than their own ethnic group. |
| Keywords: | segregation, neighbourhood selection, ethnicity, own-group preference, conditional logit, the Netherlands |
| JEL: | J15 R23 |
| Date: | 2013–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7526&r=mig |
| By: | Jürgen Janger; Anna Strauss; David Campbell |
| Abstract: | Asymmetric international mobility of highly talented scientists is well documented. We try contributing to the explanation of this phenomenon, looking at the “competitiveness” of higher education systems in terms of being able to attract talented scientists in their field. We characterise countries’ capability to offer attractive entry positions into academic careers using the results of a large scale experiment on the determinants of job choice in academia. Examined areas refer to the level of salaries, quality of life, PhD-studies, career perspectives, research organisation, balance between teaching and research, funding and probability of working with high quality peers. Our results indicate that overall, the US research universities offer the most attractive jobs for early stage researchers, consistent with the asymmetric flow of talented scientists to the US. Behind the US is a group of well performing European countries, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Austria and Germany are next, closely followed by France, which in turn is followed by Italy. Spain and Poland are, according to our results, least able to offer attractive entry positions to an academic career. |
| Keywords: | Academic careers, academic labour market, university organisation, brain drain |
| JEL: | I23 I25 I28 |
| Date: | 2013–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:feu:wfewop:y:2013:m:8:d:0:i:37&r=mig |