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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Larry Sawers; Eileen Stillwaggon |
| Abstract: | Background: Adult HIV prevalence in southern Africa is many times greater than prevalence in other low- and middle-income countries. Previous studies argue that the intensity of the HIV epidemic in southern Africa results from regional characteristics, such as apartheid labour regulations and mineral wealth, which contributed to circular migration patterns and highly skewed income distribution, both thought to promote risky sexual behaviour. This study emphasizes the importance of common infectious and parasitic diseases that increase the likelihood of HIV transmission by making HIVinfected persons more contagious and by making uninfected persons more vulnerable. |
| Keywords: | HIV/AIDS, migration, southern Africa, tropical disease, poverty |
| Date: | 2009–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amu:wpaper:2009-09&r=mig |
| By: | Sankar Mukhopadhyay (Department of Economics, University of Nevada, Reno) |
| Abstract: | This paper quantifies the association between religions, religiosity and educational attainment of new lawful immigrants to the U.S. This paper considers a broad set of religions that includes most of the major religions of the world. Using data from the New Immigrant Survey (2003), we show that affiliation with religion is not necessarily associated with an increase in educational attainment. Muslim and “Other religion” immigrants have less education compared to the immigrants who are not affiliated with any religion. However, affiliation with the Jewish religion is associated with higher educational attainment for males. With regard to religiosity, our results show that high religiosity is associated with lower educational attainment, especially for females. We also outline alternative frameworks that provide insight about the mechanisms that link religion and religiosity with educational attainment. |
| Keywords: | Immigration; Religion; Religiosity; Education |
| JEL: | I21 Z12 |
| Date: | 2009–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unr:wpaper:09-003&r=mig |
| By: | Degen, Kathrin; Fischer, Andreas M |
| Abstract: | This study examines the behavior of Swiss house prices to immigration flows for 85 districts from 2001 to 2006. The results show that the nexus between immigration and house prices holds even in an environment of low house price inflation and modest immigration flows. An immigration inflow equal to 1% of an area’s population is coincident with an increase in prices for single-family homes of about 2.7%: a result consistent with previous studies. The overall immigration effect for single-family houses captures almost two-thirds of the total price increase. |
| Keywords: | house prices; immigration |
| JEL: | F22 J61 R21 |
| Date: | 2009–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:7583&r=mig |
| By: | Deborah A. Cobb-Clark; Mathias G. Sinning |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of neighborhood diversity on the nativity gap in homevalue appreciation in Australia. Specifically, immigrant homeowners experienced a 41.7 percent increase in median home values between 2001 and 2006, while the median value of housing owned by the native-born increased by 59.4 percent over the same period. We use a semi-parametric decomposition approach to assess the relative importance of the various determinants of home values in producing this gap. We find that the differential returns to housing wealth are not related to changes in the nature of the houses or the neighborhoods in which immigrants and native-born homeowners live. Rather, the gap stems from the fact that over time there were differential changes across groups in the hedonic prices (i.e., returns) associated with the underlying determinants of home values. |
| Keywords: | international migration, home-ownership, decomposition analysis |
| JEL: | F22 D31 |
| Date: | 2009–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:auu:dpaper:624&r=mig |
| By: | Ariane TICHIT MINISCLOUX (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur le Développement International); Daniela BORODAK (Ecole Supérieure de Commerce (Clermont-Ferrand)) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the motivations behind the trip duration in the destination country for Moldovan migrants. The New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM) asserts that preference for the home country; wage differential and migration costs drive the choice of the timing of return. Within this framework, we focus on the influence of the legal status of migrants (as part of the migration costs) and on the potential push or pull effects of the characteristics of the migrant's region of origin (influencing the choice of the migrant both in terms of wage differential and preference for the origin country). The central proposition is that undocumented migrants face higher migration costs than legal migrants and therefore have an incentive to stay in destination countries longer than migrants with documents in order to increase the amount of savings relative to the costs of entry on a given trip. To test this hypothesis we run a duration model using a national household dataset on migration in the Republic of Moldova collected in 2006 complemented with a regional dataset from Roscovan and Galer (2006). Evidence from parametric survival models supports our proposition and therefore recommends enforcing international laws as regards to the free movement of labor. In addition, the social regional development of the departure zone acts as a pull factor, claiming for more public development aid. |
| Keywords: | Moldova, duration, migration |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdi:wpaper:1079&r=mig |
| By: | Christian EBEKE; Maëlan LE GOFF |
| Abstract: | According to the literature, the effect of remittances on income inequality in origin countries of migrants is not clear, whatever empirical approach is used. Aiming at clearing up this ambiguity, some authors took into account the historical, social or economic context of the home countries considered. The underlying idea of most of these studies is actually that the impact of remittances on income inequality depends on whom migrates, i.e. on the location migrants occupy in income distribution in their home country. However, to our knowledge, no macroeconomic study examining the remittances effect on inequality, consider the composition of migratory flows. To reveal at the macroeconomic level the position of migrants in income distribution at origin, we introduce in our equation of inequality non-linearities in the level of development of the recipient countries, in the costs of migration and in the level of brain drain. Using a panel sample of 80 developing countries over the period 1970-2000, and even by factoring in the endogeneity of remittances, this paper provides evidence of some characteristics of countries of origin in which there is an inequality-decreasing effect of remittances on income inequality. It turns out that countries belonging to the Mediterranean Basin have the characteristics revealed. |
| Keywords: | Brain drain, Income, Mediterranean basin, Migrants' remittances, income inequality, instrumental variables, migration costs |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdi:wpaper:1094&r=mig |
| By: | Stegmann, Tim |
| Abstract: | Migration related intentions to stay in Germany or return to home country are conceptualized in different contexts in research on migration and integration. With the German Socio-economic Panel dataset (SOEP) provided by the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) it is possible to undertake comprehensive longitudinal and cross-sectional studies on this topic. The paper describes which variables are included in the SOEP concerning this matter, identifies some constraints of the information provided and shows an exemplary analysis. |
| Keywords: | Migration; Integration; Identifikative Assimilation; Rückkehrabsichten; Verbleibsabsichten; SOEP |
| JEL: | F22 C23 |
| Date: | 2009–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:13240&r=mig |