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on Central and South America |
| By: | Malena Dolcet (IIE-FCE-UNLP); Natalia Porto (IIE-FCE-UNLP); Joaquín Zarrilli (IIE-FCE-UNLP) |
| Abstract: | Young people entering the labor markets face several and important challenges. These issues deepen due to rooted structural barriers such as informality or precarity, low-paid jobs, and low economic growth in regions like Latin America and sectors such as tourism (Abramo, 2022). Tourism has great potential to employ many of these young people because it provides opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers, it has low barriers to entry and flexible conditions, and it provides critical skills for their professional life. However, the youth population needs to reduce the gap between their available skills and experienced gained and the future requirements of labor markets to avoid being socially excluded. We apply the multidimensional poverty methodology developed by Alkire and Foster (2011) to build a Quality of Employment index (QoE) for young workers employed in the tourism industry in Latin America for the period 2015-2019. Focusing on two groups of young workers -super young for those aged 15 to 24 and young those aged 25 to 35- we consider several aspects of working conditions and discuss some differences in job quality across countries by gender and education considering different levels of deprivation in the index. The results suggest a high level of deprivation in the young workers, specially in the super young group. However, employment quality increased in both groups for all countries in the region during the period 2015-2019. |
| JEL: | J81 L83 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dls:wpaper:0341 |
| By: | Gareth Campbell (Queen’s University Belfast); Áine Gallagher (Queen’s University Belfast); Richard S.Grossman (Department of Economics, Wesleyan University) |
| Abstract: | Substantial amounts of British capital flowed to Latin America during the latter part of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Companies financed by this capital were typically headquartered in the UK, but operated thousands of miles away. This paper asks how this separation between governance and place of business affected the valuation of these firms. We find that the location of the headquarters played a more important role than the location of operations. Stock prices tended to fluctuate in line with other equities based in the UK, suggesting that they were still regarded as being, at least partially, British companies. |
| Keywords: | Latin America, equity markets, portfolio investing, emerging markets |
| JEL: | F21 F54 F65 G11 G12 G15 G51 N16 N26 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wes:weswpa:2024-013 |
| By: | María Solana Cucher (Universidad de San Andrés); María Victoria Rosino (Universidad de San Andrés); María Florencia Ruiz (Universidad de San Andrés); Mariano Tommasi (Universidad de San Andrés) |
| Abstract: | Family structure and characteristics are considered an important factor in the reproduction of social inequalities. It has been documented that family structure and its stability correlate with various measures of well-being for children and adults, especially women, involved. In this paper, we use a retrospective survey for the City of Buenos Aires involving three different cohorts of women, to explore their conjugal and fertility trajectories. We describe those trajectories with a vector of variables that expand the notion of “fragile families” and use cluster analysis to characterize these trajectories. We find that our indicator of fragility correlates well with variables capturing social vulnerability both in the families of origin as well as in the women's own trajectories. Other findings include (i) an increase in "modern" lifestyles across cohorts, as captured by our indicators; (ii) a rise in educational attainment, with non-university tertiary education increasing before university education, indicating a transitional effect; and (iii) several indications of intergenerational transmission of family patterns and values – for instance, paternal absence is associated with higher teen fertility, and more "modern" lifestyles tend to be adopted by women whose mothers were the main breadwinners at home. A worrisome finding is that, according to our clustering, the number of women with high fragility has increased substantially. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sad:wpaper:171 |
| By: | Octavio Bertín (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP); Guillermo Cruces (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP & University of Nottingham); Fabian Enrique Gonzalez (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP); Ignacio Lunghi (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP); Azul Menduiña (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP) |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the impact of a hiring credit policy introduced in Argentina in 2014 on various labor outcomes of firms. The reform established differentiated labor cost reductions in the employers contributions to be paid for their new employees, according to the size that firms had at a date prior to the announcement of the policy. Using a differences-in-differences approach and employer-employee administrative data, we analyze the intervention’s effects. Our results show a significant 4.1 percentage point increase in employment growth rates for small firms compared to medium-sized ones, persisting for several years post-reform. This paper also explores the relationship between the intervention’s effects and sector labor informality; we find a significant 6.2 percentage point increase in employment growth rates for firms in high-informality sector, whereas no significant effect is found for firms in low-informality sectors. |
| JEL: | C31 J08 J23 O17 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dls:wpaper:0342 |