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on Central and South America |
| By: | Costa, Francisco J M (FGV EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance); Goldemberg, Diana (Minerva Schools at KGI) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of cumulative heat exposure on dropout rates for K10-12 students across Brazil, using data from over 30, 000 schools and 80 million enrollments between 2007 and 2016. We find that a one-standard-deviation increase in the share of days above 34°C raises dropout rates by 0.36 percentage points, representing a 5.1% increase in the average dropout rate. The effects are concentrated in public schools, particularly in urban areas, where poor infrastructure amplifies the impact of heat. In contrast, private schools show no significant effects, likely due to better resources, such as air conditioning. These findings highlight the need to improve learning environments, particularly in public schools, to help students cope with rising temperatures and reduce dropout rates and educational inequality. |
| Date: | 2024–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:apu6j |
| By: | Patricia Justino; Santiago Tobón; Martín Vanegas-Arias; Juan Vargas |
| Abstract: | Tax revenues are fundamental to state-building and development, particularly in the aftermath of conflict. Through the lens of the recent post-conflict experience of Colombia, this paper explores the challenges of increasing tax revenues amid violence and illicit economic activities. We study four factors that the literature has identified as key determinants of a country's local fiscal capacity: early land conflicts; historical political violence; recent political violence; and the prevalence of illegal economies. |
| Keywords: | Taxation, Conflict, Violence, Colombia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2024-62 |