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on Labour Economics |
| By: | Ivanov, Boris; Pfeiffer, Friedhelm; Pohlan, Laura |
| Abstract: | In this paper we analyze the effects of a German job creation scheme (JCS) on the social integration and well-being of long-term unemployed individuals. Using linked survey and administrative data for participants and a group of matched non-participants, we find significant positive effects of being employed within this program. They are larger for individuals with health impairments and above-average duration of welfare dependence. The program effects decline over time, which cannot be explained by decreasing levels of well-being and social integration of the participants. Instead, this decrease is driven by a rising share of controls who find a job and catch up to similar outcome levels as program participants. Overall, our results suggest that JCSs can be an efficient labor market policy instrument to improve the quality of life of the long-term unemployed. |
| Keywords: | unemployment,active labor market policy,job creation schemes,wellbeing,social integration,matching |
| JEL: | I31 J64 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:19048&r=all |
| By: | Reaney, Ruth; Cullinane, Niall |
| Abstract: | Competitiveness agreements in France became a much discussed feature of company-level responses to the 2008 crisis and aftermath. Such innovations raise several issues in a context of multi-unionism, in terms of how different workplace unions of varying organisational cultures respond, but also the consequences for inter-union relations. It is observed that such dynamics are complicated by the representative reforms of 2008 which link local bargaining power to performance in workplace elections. Based on case study analysis of the crisis-ridden automotive industry, this article therefore examines how union responses to competitiveness bargaining are proceeding in light of the revised representative rules. |
| Keywords: | cooperation; labour unions; trade unions; union elections |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2019–10–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:102522&r=all |
| By: | Neyt, Brecht; Baert, Stijn; Vynckier, Jana |
| Abstract: | Research exploiting data on classic (offline) couple formation has confirmed predictions from evolutionary psychology in a sense that males attach more value to attractiveness and women attach more value to earnings potential. We examine whether these human partner preferences survive in a context of fewer search and social frictions. We do this by means of a field experiment on the mobile dating app Tinder, which takes a central place in contemporary couple formation. Thirty-two fictitious Tinder profiles that randomly differ in job status and job prestige are evaluated by 4,800 other, real users. We find that both males and females do not use job status or job prestige as a determinant of whom to show initial interest in on Tinder. However, we do see evidence that, after this initial phase, males less frequently begin a conversation with females when those females are unemployed but also then do not care about the particular job prestige of employed females. |
| Keywords: | job prestige,partner preferences,dating apps,online dating,Tinder |
| JEL: | J12 J16 J13 C93 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:422&r=all |
| By: | Naomi Gershoni (BGU); Corinne Low (University of Pennsylvania) |
| JEL: | D10 J12 J13 J16 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bgu:wpaper:1913&r=all |
| By: | D. Chise; M. Fort; C. Monfardini |
| Abstract: | We provide novel evidence on the existence and the extent of intergenerational transmission of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education using a recent large administrative dataset of Italian graduates obtained from the Almalaurea data. Parental influence on two STEM educational outcomes (high school and university degree completion) is strong and, net of student's time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity, proves to be stronger at the stage of the educational career closer to labour market entry. At this stage, the influence of fathers outweighs the one of mothers and is larger for sons than for daughters. The documented STEM intergenerational transmission is not driven by liberal profession of parents for most of STEM fields, while it is for some non-STEM fields (economic and legal studies), consistently with the presence of entry barriers in some professions. |
| JEL: | J16 J24 I24 |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bol:bodewp:wp1138&r=all |
| By: | Emanuele Ciani (Bank of Italy); Adele Grompone (Bank of Italy); Elisabetta Olivieri (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | We provide new evidence on the effectiveness of hiring subsidies that target the long-term unemployed, analysing a generous policy that was in force until the end of 2014 in Italy. Unlike others of its kind, this policy was particularly ambitious as it encouraged only permanent employment, which at the time still benefited from strong employment protection legislation. To achieve identification, we use a triple difference estimator, where we exploit three sources of variation: (i) the subsidy was only for the long-term unemployed and not for the short-term unemployed; (ii) it was significantly more generous in the South; (iii) it was in place until 2014. We find that the relative probability of eligible individuals in the southern regions of finding a permanent job dropped after the program terminated. This effect does not seem to be driven by substitutions over time, across contracts or among jobseekers. A cost-benefit analysis shows that the policy was globally in surplus. |
| Keywords: | long-term unemployment, triple difference estimator, employment subsidies, place-based policy, regional disparities |
| JEL: | H25 J08 J64 R23 |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:wptemi:td_1249_19&r=all |
| By: | Wheeler, Laurel (University of Alberta, Department of Economics); Garlick, Robert (Duke University); Johnson, Eric (RTI International); Shaw, Patrick (RTI International); Gargano, Marissa (RTI International) |
| Abstract: | Online professional networking platforms are widely used and offer the prospect of alleviating labor market frictions. We run the first randomized evaluation of training workseekers to join one of these platforms. Training increases employment at the end of the program from 70 to 77% and this effect persists for at least twelve months. Treatment effects on platform use explain most of the treatment effect on employment. Administrative data suggest that platform use increases employment by providing information to prospective employers and to workseekers. It may also facilitate referrals but does not reduce job search costs or change self-beliefs. |
| Keywords: | employment; information frictions; online platforms; social networks; field experiment |
| JEL: | J22 J23 J24 J64 M51 O15 |
| Date: | 2019–09–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:albaec:2019_014&r=all |
| By: | Gaurav Khanna; Carlos Medina (Banco de la República de Colombia); Anant Nyshadham; Christian Posso; Jorge Tamayo |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effects of job displacement, as a result of mass-layoffs, on criminal arrests using a novel matched employer-employee-crime dataset in Medellín, Colombia. Job displacement leads to immediate earnings losses, and an increased likelihood of being arrested for both the displaced worker and for other youth in the family. We leverage variation in opportunities for legitimate reemployment and access to consumption credit to investigate the mechanisms underlying this job loss-crime relationship. Workers in booming sectors with more opportunities for legitimate reemployment exhibit lower increases in arrests after job losses. Greater exposure to an expansion in consumption credit also lowers the increase in arrests after employment shocks. **** RESUMEN: Se estiman los efectos de la pérdida del empleo como resultado de un despido masivo, sobre la probabilidad de ser arrestado, utilizando una novedosa base que parea datos de empleados, empleadores y arrestos en Medellín, Colombia. La pérdida del empleo genera una reducción inmediata en los ingresos, y un incremento en la probabilidad de ser arrestado tanto para el empleado despedido, como para otros familiares jóvenes. Nosotros explotamos la variación en las oportunidades de re-emplearse formalmente y en el acceso a crédito formal de consumo, para estudiar los mecanismos detrás de la relación entre la pérdida del empleo y el crimen. Los trabajadores en sectores en auge, con mayores oportunidades de re-emplearse, ven menos afectada su probabilidad de ser arrestados. Una mayor exposición a una expansión en la oferta de crédito de consumo también debilita la respuesta de los arrestos al choque en el mercado laboral. |
| Keywords: | Job displacements, crime, Medellín, Pérdida del empleo, crimen, Medellín |
| JEL: | K42 J63 J65 |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:borrec:1095&r=all |
| By: | Nadav Ben Zeev (BGU); Tomer Ifergane (BGU) |
| Keywords: | Employment protection, Factor Misallocation, Total Factor Productivity, Credit Supply Shocks, Economic resilience, Business cycles, Local projections |
| JEL: | E02 E24 E32 E60 J08 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bgu:wpaper:1910&r=all |
| By: | Arianna Gatta (European University Institute); Francesco Mattioli (Bocconi University); Letizia Mencarini (Bocconi University); Daniele Vignoli (University of Florence) |
| Abstract: | OBJECTIVE: In this study we test whether perceived stability of employment and perceived resilience to potential job loss affect fertility intentions, net of individual level risk attitudes and considering variation in the local macroeconomic conditions. BACKGROUND: The role of employment uncertainty as a fertility driver has been explored in a number of studies with a limited set of constructs, and with inconclusive results. A key reason for this heterogeneous pattern is that scholars did not recognize the multidimensionality and the prospective nature of employment uncertainty. We address these oversights by considering two key dimensions of employment uncertainty: perceived stability of employment and perceived resilience to potential job loss. METHOD: Our study is conducted using the newly-released 2017 OECD Italian Trustlab survey and its built-in module on self-assessed employment uncertainty (N=521). We perform multivariate analysis using ordered logistic regression. RESULTS: Perception of employment resilience is a powerful predictor of fertility intentions, whereas perception of employment stability has only a limited impact. The observed relationship between resilience and fertility intentions is robust to the inclusion of person-specific risk attitude and it does not depend on aggregate-level variables, such as unemployment and fixed-term contract rates in the area of residence. CONCLUSION: With this paper, we argue that the notion of resilience is crucial for making sense of economic prospects in connection to fertility planning. |
| Keywords: | Employment Uncertainty; Fertility Intentions; Resilience; Stability; Italy; Trustlab survey |
| JEL: | J13 J21 |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fir:econom:wp2019_12&r=all |