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on All new papers |
| By: | Baum, Charles L. (Middle Tennessee State University); Ruhm, Christopher J. (University of Virginia) |
| Abstract: | Using data from the 1997 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY-97), we examine the effects of California's paid family leave program (CA-PFL) on mothers' and fathers' use of leave during the period surrounding child birth, and on the timing of mothers' return to work, the probability of eventually returning to pre-childbirth jobs, and subsequent labor market outcomes. Our results show that CA-PFL raised leave-taking by around three weeks for the average mother and approximately one week for the average father. The timing of the increased leave use – immediately after birth for men and around the time that temporary disability insurance benefits are exhausted for women – is consistent with causal effects of CA-PFL. Rights to paid leave are also associated with higher work and employment probabilities for mothers nine to twelve months after birth, possibly because they increase job continuity among those with relatively weak labor force attachments. We also find positive effects of California's program on hours and weeks of work during their child's second year of life and possibly also on wages. |
| Keywords: | parental leave, paid leave, family leave, employment, wages, leave-taking, return-to-work decisions |
| JEL: | J1 J2 J3 J13 J18 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8390&r=lab |
| By: | Dauth, Wolfgang (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]) |
| Abstract: | "The labor markets of most industrialized countries are polarized. This means that employment has grown in jobs at the upper and lower tails of the wage distribution, while employment in the middle part of the distribution has stagnated or declined. However, there exists no measure that allows a quantitative comparison across different labor markets as yet. I propose a straightforward way to measure the actual magnitude of job polarization. To demonstrate its application, I use this measure to compare polarization across German local labor markets. Job polarization almost exclusively occurs in urban areas where the hypothesis of routine biased technological change is most likely to prevail." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Arbeitsmarkt, lokale Ökonomie, regionaler Vergleich, Beschäftigungsentwicklung, Lohnhöhe, Westdeutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland |
| JEL: | J31 J24 R23 |
| Date: | 2014–08–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:201418&r=lab |
| By: | Klinger, Sabine (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]); Weber, Enzo (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]) |
| Abstract: | "This paper investigates the time-varying relationship between German output and employment growth, in particular their decoupling in recent years. We estimate a correlated unobserved components model that allows for both persistent and cyclical time variation in the employment impact of GDP as well as an autonomous employment component capturing other factors than real output. As one result, we measure a permanent decline in Verdoorn's coefficient as well as pronounced effects of the autonomous employment component in the recent years. The development of the estimated impact parameters is shown to crucially depend on structural change, but also on labour availability and business expectations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Schätzung, Beschäftigungsentwicklung, ökonomische Theorie |
| JEL: | E24 E32 J23 J24 C32 |
| Date: | 2014–08–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:201421&r=lab |
| By: | Mukoyama, Toshihiko; Patterson, Christina; Sahin, Aysegul (Federal Reserve Bank of New York) |
| Abstract: | We create a novel measure of job search effort starting in 1994 by exploiting the overlap between the Current Population Survey and the American Time Use Survey. We examine the cyclical behavior of aggregate job search effort using time series and cross-state variation and find that it is countercyclical. About half of the countercyclical movement is explained by a cyclical shift in the observable characteristics of the unemployed. Individual responses to labor market conditions and drops in wealth are important in explaining the remaining variation. |
| Keywords: | job search; time; use; business cycles |
| JEL: | E24 E32 J22 J64 |
| Date: | 2014–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednsr:689&r=lab |
| By: | Bergin, Adele (ESRI, Dublin); Kelly, Elish (Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin); McGuinness, Seamus (Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin) |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the impact that the 2009 Great Recession had on individual's transitions to and from unemployment in Ireland. The rate of transition from unemployment to employment declined between 2006 and 2011, while the rate from employment to unemployment increased. The impact of some of the factors identified as contributing to the likelihood of a transition taking place were found to have changed over this period. In particular, young people are much less likely to exit unemployment, but at the same time they have a lower risk of becoming unemployed. Education has become an increasingly important factor in both supporting unemployment exits and reducing the risk of becoming unemployed since the recession. The scarring impact of long-term unemployment appears to have fallen substantially in Ireland post-recession. The results from a decomposition analysis show that compositional changes are largely unimportant in explaining the change in the transition rates between 2006 and 2011. |
| Keywords: | labour market transitions, Great Recession, longitudinal data, decomposition techniques, Ireland |
| JEL: | J64 J88 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8401&r=lab |
| By: | Bernd Hayo (University of Marburg); Matthias Uhl (University of Marburg) |
| Abstract: | We study the influence of taxation on labour supply using a specifically designed representative survey of the German population. First, we investigate whether taxes generally matter for the labour supply decisions of our respondents. Around 41 per cent report taking taxes into consideration, which implies that the majority of the German population appears unresponsive to taxation. Second, we look at self-reported labour supply adjustments following a recently enacted payroll tax change. Only around 12 per cent of all respondents report an actual labour supply response, but we find evidence of an income, as well as a substitution, effect of the tax change. Our conclusion is that effects of taxes on labour supply in Germany are likely small. We analyse the correlation with economic and socio-demographic variables, and find that the self-employed are relatively more sensitive to taxation and that low interest rates reduce incentives for an expansion of the labour supply. |
| Keywords: | Taxation, Labour supply, Representative population survey Germany |
| JEL: | E62 H30 J22 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:201438&r=lab |
| By: | Junankar, Pramod N. (Raja) (University of New South Wales) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the impact of the GFC on youth unemployment and long term unemployment. In particular, we study whether the GFC had a bigger impact on youths than adults, and whether youth unemployment rates increased due to an increase in youth wages relative to adult wages. To anticipate our results, we find that the youth unemployment rates increased significantly more than that of adults even though youth wages had been falling relative to adult wages. |
| Keywords: | youth labour markets, youth unemployment, global financial crisis |
| JEL: | J64 J21 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8400&r=lab |
| By: | Dupor, William D. (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis); Mehkari, M. Saif (University of Richmond) |
| Abstract: | This paper (i) estimates the local effects of government stimulus spending on labor market outcomes and (ii) shows how these effects can be obtained from a firm's optimal policy in the presence of costs to hiring workers. We analyze the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) using instrumental variables at the county-level. We find that $1 million of government spending increased employment locally by 5.5 persons and also increased wage payments to existing workers by $178,000. Next, we build a model in which a firm meets new government demand with a combination of new hiring and increasing the number of hours for existing workers. Faced with hiring costs and an overtime premium, the firm responds by increasing hours along both margins. Our analysis also provides insight into how government spending policy should be structured to lower the cost of generating new jobs. Finally, we catalog survey evidence from Recovery Act fund recipients that reinforces the importance of the intensive labor margin. |
| Keywords: | fiscal policy; intensive and extensive labor margins; the 2009 Recovery Act. |
| JEL: | D21 D24 E52 E62 |
| Date: | 2014–08–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedlwp:2014-023&r=lab |
| By: | Kruppe, Thomas (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]); Lang, Julia (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]) |
| Abstract: | "We analyse the impact of retraining for the unemployed on future labour market success, and estimate effects separately for different target occupations. We use German registry data and apply statistical matching methods. The results show that on average, after a period with strong lock-in effects, retraining increases the employment probability of women by more than 20 percentage points. Effects for male participants are somewhat weaker. Although we find differences in the effectiveness of retraining by target occupations, these differences cannot completely explain the observed gender differences. Healthcare occupations, which are the most important target occupations especially of female participants, are among those with the strongest effects. Despite differences between occupational fields, retraining in most of the considered occupations positively affects employment prospects of participants. Finally, sorting into different occupations seems to be present, as participants with different target professions also differ in their observable characteristics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Umschulung, Arbeitslose, Zielberuf, Arbeitsmarktchancen, arbeitslose Frauen, arbeitslose Männer, Integrierte Erwerbsbiografien, arbeitsmarktpolitische Maßnahme, Wirkungsforschung |
| JEL: | J24 J68 C14 |
| Date: | 2014–08–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:201420&r=lab |
| By: | Aida Caldera Sánchez |
| Abstract: | Economic growth and recent policy reforms have increased employment and reduced overall poverty in Chile. Yet there are some groups that remain at the margins of the labour market and could benefit from and contribute more to growth. Women and young people have entered the labour force in greater numbers, but their participation rates remain low compared to most OECD and Latin American countries. The participation of women in the labour market is held down by economic, cultural and regulatory barriers. For youth, poor basic skills acquired through compulsory education and the weak linkages between secondary education and job related skills often limit their employment prospects. Among lowskilled workers, a high minimum wage and strict employment protection pose a barrier to employment. At the same time, education and training policies do not sufficiently reach those with poor skills and the public employment services lack the capacity to deliver high quality job-search services. The paper discusses a number of policies that could help to make the Chilean labour market more inclusive and broaden the benefits of growth. These include expanding childcare, promoting a more flexible labour market and strengthening education and skills policies, among others. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-chile.htm). Des politiques pour rendre le marché du travail chilien plus inclusif La croissance économique et les réformes récentes ont accru le niveau d’emploi et réduit la pauvreté globale au Chili. Pourtant, il y a certains groupes qui restent en marge du marché du travail. Les femmes et les jeunes sont de plus en plus nombreux à investir le marché du travail, mais leur taux d’activité reste faible par rapport à ceux de la plupart des pays de l’OCDE et d’Amérique latine. La participation des femmes sur le marché du travail est tenu par des obstacles économiques, culturels et réglementaires. Pour les jeunes, les faibles compétences de base acquises par l'éducation obligatoire et la faiblesse des liens entre l'enseignement secondaire ainsi que les compétences professionnelles limitent souvent leurs perspectives d'emploi. S’agissant des travailleurs peu qualifiés, l’existence d’un salaire minimum élevé et d’une protection de l’emploi rigide freinent l’accès à l’emploi. Dans le même temps, les politiques d'éducation et de formation ne parviennent pas suffisamment à ceux ayant de faibles capacités et les services publics de l'emploi n'ont pas la capacité de fournir des services de recherche d'emploi de haute qualité. Cette étude examine un certain nombre de politiques qui pourraient contribuer à rendre le marché du travail chilien plus inclusif et à élargir les bénéfices de la croissance. Il s'agit notamment de l’extension des services d’accueil des enfants, l’assouplissement du marché du travail et le renforcement des politiques éducatives et de développement des compétences, parmi d’autres mesures. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l'Étude économique de l'OCDE de Chili 2013 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/chili-2013.h tm). |
| Keywords: | female employment, youth employment, low-skilled workers, labour market policies, Chile, Chili, travailleurs peu qualifiés, emploi des femmes, emploi des jeunes, politique du marché du travail |
| JEL: | J1 J16 J21 J24 J3 J7 |
| Date: | 2014–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1117-en&r=lab |
| By: | Maria Cubel (University of Barcelona and IEB); Ana Nuevo-Chiquero (University of Sheffield); Santiago Sanchez-Pages (Edinburgh School of Economics and University of Barcelona); Marian Vidal-Fernandez (University of New South Wales and IZA) |
| Abstract: | While survey data supports a strong relationship between personality and labor market outcomes, the exact mechanisms behind this association remain unexplored. In this paper, we take advantage of a controlled laboratory set-up to test whether this relationship operates through productivity, and isolate this mechanism from other channels such as bargaining ability or self-selection into jobs. Using a gender neutral real-effort task, we analyse the impact of the Big Five personality traits on performance. We find that more neurotic subjects perform worse, and that more conscientious individuals perform better. These findings are in line with previous survey studies and suggest that at least part of the effect of personality on labor market outcomes operates through productivity. In addition, we find evidence that gender and university major affect the impact of the Big Five personality traits on performance. |
| Keywords: | Big-Five; personality traits; experiment; labour productivity; performance |
| JEL: | C91 D03 J3 M5 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shf:wpaper:2014012&r=lab |
| By: | Jeremy Schwartz (Loyoloa University Maryland) |
| Abstract: | During the Great Recession of 2007, unemployment reached nearly 10 percent and the ratio of unemployment to open positions (as measured by the Help Wanted OnLine Index) more than tripled. The weak labor market prompted an unprecedented extension in the length of time in which a claimant can collect unemployment insurance (UI) to 99 weeks, at an expense to date of $226.4 billion. While many claim that extending UI during a recession will reduce search intensity, the effect of weak labor market conditions on search remains a mystery. As a result, policymakers are in the dark as to whether UI extensions reduce already low search effort during recessions or perhaps decrease excessive search, which causes congestion in the labor market. At the same time, modelers of the labor market have little empirical justification for their assumptions on how search intensity changes over the business cycle. This paper develops a search model where the impact of macro labor market conditions on a worker’s search effort depends on whether these two factors are substitutes or complements in the job search process. Parameter estimates of the structural model using a sample of unemployment spells from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 indicate that macro labor market conditions and individual search effort are complements and move together over the business cycle. The estimation also reveals that more risk-averse and less wealthy individuals exhibit less search effort. |
| Keywords: | Job search, search models, structural estimation, search methods |
| JEL: | D1 D9 E2 E3 J6 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upj:weupjo:14-215&r=lab |
| By: | Karimi, Arizo (IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the consequences of the spacing of births for women’s subsequent labor income and wages. Spacing births in longer intervals may allow women to re-enter the labor market between childbearing events, thereby avoiding expanded work interruptions and, in turn, reducing the negative effects of subsequent children. Based on arguably exogenous variation in birth spacing induced by pregnancy loss between the first two live births, the evidence provided in this paper supports this hypothesis and suggest that delaying the second birth by one year, on average, increases the probability of re-entering the labor market between births. Moreover, spacing births are found to increase both labor market participation and labor income over a long time period after second birth. Also long-run wages are positively affected, with a more pronounced effect for highly educated mothers. |
| Keywords: | Child spacing; female wages; female lifetime earnings; natural experiment |
| JEL: | J13 J31 |
| Date: | 2014–08–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ifauwp:2014_018&r=lab |
| By: | Daniele Pacifico |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of unobserved preference heterogeneity in empirical applications of discrete choice models of labour supply. Typically, unobserved heterogeneity is estimated either with continuous or discrete mixture models. However, in order to avoid estimation difficulties, most of the empirical analysis assumes a relatively constrained mixture, standard examples being models where only few coefficients are allowed to vary with independent normal distributions or with discrete distributions with few mass points. We compare labour supply elasticities obtained with these typical specifications of unobserved heterogeneity with those from a more general model that we are able to estimate through an EM algorithm for the nonparametric estimation of mixed models. Results show that labour supply elasticities change significantly with respect to a basic model without unobserved heterogeneity only when the joint distribution of the varying tastes is left completely unspecified. |
| Keywords: | labour supply, unobserved heterogeneity, mixed logit models, EM algorithm |
| JEL: | J22 H31 H24 C25 C14 |
| Date: | 2014–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:itt:wpaper:2014-6&r=lab |
| By: | Liemt, Gijsbert van |
| Abstract: | This paper, written by Gijsbert van Liemt, considers the occupational characteristics of cultural workers and their employment relationships and income, the role of the State in cultural and creative industries, and to what extent arts and culture set the trend for the rest of the labour market. It provides an overview of technological, business and financial changes occurring in recent years in the live performance, arts and culture subsector in some OECD countries and how these have affected employment relationships. He assesses whether employment is becoming less secure, if freelance work is increasingly prevalent, and whether social dialogue is addressing the challenges of the industry. The arts and culture industry is undergoing significant change, and information and communications technology has already had a major effect on the composition of the sector and on employment relationships within it. He notes that most arts and culture workers have a high level of commitment to their work, have fragmented and often unpredictable employment patterns, are often underemployed, and tend to work fewer hours than they would like to. |
| Keywords: | employment, labour relations, working conditions, work organization, self employment, state intervention, trend, artist, performer, author, entertainment industry, music, theatre, emploi, relations de travail, conditions de travail, organisation du travail, travail indépendant, intervention de l'Etat, tendance, artiste, artiste interprète, auteur, métiers du spectacle, musique, théâtre, empleo, relaciones laborales, condiciones de trabajo, organización del trabajo, trabajo a cuenta propia, intervención estatal, tendencia, artista, artista interprete, autor, industria del espectáculo, música, teatro |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:485810&r=lab |
| By: | Bibby, Andrew |
| Keywords: | labour relations, collective bargaining, employment, working conditions, mass media, publishing, film industry, relations de travail, négociation collective, emploi, conditions de travail, mass média, édition, industrie cinématographique, relaciones laborales, negociación colectiva, empleo, condiciones de trabajo, medios de comunicación de masas, edición, industria cinematográfica |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:485098&r=lab |
| By: | Horbach, Jens |
| Abstract: | "Despite the ongoing discussion on labor shortage in the German economy there is still a lack of empirical analyses of this problem based on adequate econometric methods. The paper explores the determinants of labor shortage in the environmental sector supplying products and services that help to reduce environmental impacts and energy use. Labor shortages occur when the price adjustment mechanism is too slow to balance labor demand and supply. The empirical analysis of labor shortage uses recent data of the establishment panel of the Institute for Employment Research in Nuremberg. A descriptive analysis shows that the environmental sector seems to be over-proportionally affected by labor shortage. Following the results of an econometric analysis innovative firms are significantly more likely to be characterized by labor shortage problems. For climate protection technologies, analytics/consulting or environmental research and development labor shortage seems to result from the respective innovative activities of the firms requiring highskilled and specialized staff whereas labor shortage in the recycling sector is due to a lack of low-paid personnel. Further econometric estimations show that firms characterized by labor shortage problems are significantly more likely to pay wages above average." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Arbeitskräftebedarf, Fachkräfte, Arbeitskräftemangel, IAB-Betriebspanel, regenerative Energie, Umweltschutzindustrie, Ökologie |
| JEL: | J23 J63 Q55 C35 |
| Date: | 2014–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:201422&r=lab |
| By: | Joao Paulo A. de Souza (Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses panel cointegration and error correction models to unveil the direction of long-run causality between the real product wage and labor productivity at the industry level. I use two datasets of manufacturing industries: the EU-Klems dataset covering 11 industries in 19 developed economies, and the Unido Industrial Statistics Database covering 22 industries in 30 developed and developing economies. In both datasets, I find evidence of cointegration between the two variables, as well as evidence of two-way, long-run Granger causality. These findings are consistent with theories of directed technical change, which claim that a rise in labor costs sparks the adoption of labor-saving innovations. They are also consistent with distributive theories whereby real wages keep apace of labor productivity growth, giving rise to long-run stability in functional distribution. |
| Keywords: | Technological Change, Wage Shares, Labor Productivity, Panel Cointegration |
| JEL: | B5 E25 O33 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ums:papers:2014-03&r=lab |
| By: | Duncan Roth and (University of Marburg); John Moffat (University of Durham) |
| Abstract: | Will the projected decline in the youth share of European countries’ populations alleviate the currently high levels of youth unemployment in Europe? Economic theory predicts that in the absence of perfectly competitive labour markets, changes in the relative size of age groups will cause changes in age-specific unemployment rates. In light of the expected development of the youth population’s size over the coming decades, this paper utilises the existing heterogeneity in the structure of youth populations across European countries and regions to identify the effect of nationally and regionally defined age-cohort size on the probability of young individuals being unemployed. To account for the possibility that individuals self-select into areas of low unemployment, the empirical analysis employs an instrumental variables estimator to identify the causal effect of age-cohort size. The results show that individuals in larger cohorts are more likely to be unemployed and that this effect is more pronounced when analysis is conducted at the regional level. While shrinking youth cohorts therefore have the potential to contribute to improving the current youth unemployment situation, this mechanism should not be relied in isolation upon due to the relatively greater importance of changes in the macroeconomic environment. |
| Keywords: | Capacity Markets, Cohort size, unemployment, regional labour markets, causal effect, instrumental variables, EU-SILC |
| JEL: | J10 J21 R23 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:201440&r=lab |
| By: | Diamond, Peter A. (Federal Reserve Bank of New York); Sahin, Aysegul (Federal Reserve Bank of New York) |
| Abstract: | This note puts the current shift in the Beveridge curve into context by examining the behavior of the curve since 1950. Outward shifts in the Beveridge curve have been common occurrences during U.S. recoveries. By itself, the presence of a shift has not been a good predictor of whether the unemployment rate at the end of the expansion following a shift was higher or lower than that in the preceding expansion. |
| Keywords: | Beveridge curve; unemployment; vacancies |
| JEL: | E24 J60 |
| Date: | 2014–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednsr:687&r=lab |
| By: | Luciano Fanti |
| Abstract: | In this paper we revisit the issue of the scope of bargaining between firms and unions. It is shown that an agreement between p arties on the bargaining agenda may endogenously emerge only on the Efficient Bargaining arrangement, provided that union’s power is not too high. |
| Keywords: | Efficient bargaining; Right-to-manage; Cournot duopoly. |
| JEL: | J51 L13 |
| Date: | 2014–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pie:dsedps:2014/182&r=lab |
| By: | Luciano Fanti |
| Abstract: | In this paper we investigate the effects of two popular labour market institutions – namely, Monopoly Union (MU) and Efficient Bargaining (EB) – in a Cournot duopoly, in particular as regards the issue of the bargaining agenda. We show that, while when EB and Right-to- Manage arrangements are considered no agreement on the scope of bargaining may occur, when exogenously given MU and EB arrangements are compared both firms and unions may find more convenient the MU institution. This occurs in particular when the value of the union’s bargaining power is included in a “medium-high” range. However this result is not robust to the endogeneization of the scope of bargaining: indeed in the latter case both firms and unions agree with the choice of the EB arrangement for a sizable range of the union's power. Therefore the detection of a set of union bargaining power values for which there exists an agreement between firms and unions eitheron the MU institution in the case of exogenously given arrang ements or on the EB institution in the case of endogenously determined arrangement may be interesting also for policy purposes. |
| Keywords: | Efficient bargaining; Monopoly union; Right-to-manage; Cournot duopoly. |
| JEL: | J51 L13 |
| Date: | 2014–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pie:dsedps:2014/181&r=lab |