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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2018‒12‒17
six papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Nina Bohdan (Belarus State Economic University) |
| Abstract: | The paper examines the innovative development of Belarus in the context of international indicators and ratings of innovation. International indicators of innovation are becoming an important tool for evaluating the effectiveness of innovation policy. Innovation policy often suffers, especially in developing countries, from an insufficient understanding of the complex phenomenon of innovation. Lack of a systemic approach to innovation leads to a lack of the emphasis on innovation based on knowledge from any source and not just on the knowledge formally created through R&D. Identified are the strengths and weaknesses of innovation policy of Belarus, as well as the problems of innovative development given the Global Innovation Index, the Innovation Union Scoreboard and Knowledge Economy Index. Developed are the new directions of innovation policy for Belarus. |
| Keywords: | Key words: innovation, performance of innovation development, resources of innovation, efficiency innovation, national innovation system, innovation policy. |
| JEL: | O31 O34 O38 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:7010408&r=knm |
| By: | König, Michael; Rogers, Tim |
| Abstract: | We study the coevolutionary dynamics of knowledge creation and diffusion with the formation of R&D collaboration networks. Differently to previous works, we do not treat knowledge as an abstract scalar variable, but rather represent it as a multidimensional portfolio of technologies. Over time the composition of this portfolio may change due innovations and knowledge spillovers between collaborating firms. The collaborations between firms, in turn, are dynamically adjusted based on the firms' expectations of learning a new technology from their collaboration partners. We show that the interplay between knowledge diffusion, network formation and competition across sectors can give rise to a cyclical pattern in the collaboration intensity, which can be described as a damped oscillation. This theoretical finding recapitulates the novel observation of oscillations in an empirical sample of a large R&D collaboration network over several decades. Finally, we apply our findings to describe how an effective R&D policy can balance subsidies for entrants as well as R&D collaborations between incumbent firms. |
| Keywords: | Innovation; network formation; R&D networks; technology cycles |
| JEL: | D85 L24 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13307&r=knm |
| By: | Qing Li (Business School, The University of Western Australia); Long H. Vo (Business School, The University of Western Australia); Yanrui Wu (Business School, The University of Western Australia) |
| Abstract: | Our main argument in this paper is that conventional growth convergence analysis in China is incomplete without considering intangible investment. We first document the unbalanced investment of intangible capital across Chinese regions. A few mega cities invest heavily in intangible capital, while the majority of regions have below-average investment levels. In addition, long-term convergence clusters is an important feature of intangible capital distribution: High levels of investment tend to be persistently concentrated in the few coastal regions while investment in poorer regions is projected to be low, leading to a long-run distribution with probability mass located at levels much lower than the national average. External shocks such as the global financial crisis can exert an adverse effect: The level to which most regions converge based on the post-crisis transition dynamics is lower than that based on the pre-crisis dynamics. Finally, we document that poorer regions have less difficulty in converging to the average level of their neighbouring regions, suggesting that knowledge spill-overs is an important mechanism that help mitigate the level of unbalance in the context of intangible economy. |
| Keywords: | Economic growth convergence; Intangible capital; Distribution dynamics |
| JEL: | O10 R11 C14 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uwa:wpaper:18-08&r=knm |
| By: | Tigist Gebrehiwot (University of South Africa) |
| Abstract: | The study is written with the purpose of answering three basic questions: Firstly, how Africa implement the appropriate policy, which is relevant to its socio-economic contexts in creating inclusive economic growth? Secondly, how the educational programme incorporates traditional knowledge (TK) into the mainstream in recognising the importance of these pieces of knowledge to the people? Thirdly, what comprises an appropriate knowledge management in building a knowledge economy in Africa? The analysis of the study deals with the various challenges facing Africa transition to a knowledge economy. The significance of the study is to address Africa?s overlooked and neglected knowledge produced locally from an institution and informal sectors which has a detrimental effect on building an inclusive economy. To resolve the issue, it is argued that appropriate reform in the structure administering knowledge is necessary for creating opportunities for individuals in building a network of innovators in society. The emerging understanding of knowledge economy also will be utilised to find the most appropriate solutions in this regard. It is, therefore, this study will explore using descriptive approach to qualitative research, multi-disciplinary in nature, the management, the law, and economics by building bridges to the main disciplines working jointly to move beyond discipline specifics approach to address the issue. Both a desk and data-based approach utilising qualitative tools will be used in conducting this study. |
| Keywords: | Africa EconomyIntellectual PropertyManagementTraditional Knowledge |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:7008863&r=knm |
| By: | A. Alexander (Global Centre for Circular Economy - University of Exeter Business School); Dominique Martin (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); C. Manolchev (University of Exeter); K. Miller (University of Ulster) |
| Abstract: | University–industry knowledge transfer is an important source wealth of creation for all partners; however, the practical management of this activity within universities is often hampered by procedural rigidity either through the absence of decision-making protocols to reconcile conflicting priorities or through the inconsistent implementation of existing policies. This is problematic, since it can impede operational effectiveness, prevent inter-organisational knowledge-creation and hamper organisational learning. This paper addresses this issue by adopting a cross-discipline approach and presenting meta-rules as a solution to aid organisational decision making. It is proposed that meta-rules can help resolve tensions arising from conflicting priorities between academics, knowledge transfer offices and industry and help facilitate strategic alignment of processes and policies within and between organisations. This research contributes to the growing debate on the strategic challenges of managing knowledge transfer and presents meta-rules as a practical solution to facilitate strategic alignment of internal and external stakeholder tensions. Meta-rules has previously only been applied in a computer intelligence context however, this research proves the efficacy of meta rules in a university–industry knowledge transfer context. This research also has practical implications for knowledge transfer office managers who can use meta-rules to help overcome resource limitations, conflicting priorities and goals of diverse internal and external stakeholders. |
| Keywords: | Organisational learning,Strategy,Organisational capability,University–industry collaboration,Knowledge transfer,Meta-rules |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01935697&r=knm |
| By: | Tiago Sequeira (Universidade da Beira Interior and CEFAGE-UBI); Pedro Cunha Neves (Universidade da Beira Interior and CEFAGE-UBI) |
| Abstract: | Decreasing returns to scale in physical resources in the knowledge production function have been widely considered in the economic growth literature. However, given the heterogeneity of empirical results, it is difficult to access its accurate value. We provide a quantitative meta-analysis of the value of the decreasing returns to physical resources in the knowledge production function (stepping-on-toes effect). This has important policy implications regarding the subsidization of R&D activities and policy measures to facilitate the diffusion of knowledge. We conclude that there is some evidence of publication bias. Moreover, the average size-effect is quite small, around 0.2, which implies a high stepping-on-toes effect. This value tends to be higher when variables linked with international linkages are present, resources allocated to R&D are measured by labour, the knowledge pool is proxied by population, and instrumental variable estimation techniques are employed. On the contrary, the average returns to scale estimate decreases when resources allocated to R&D are measured by population and when only rich countries are included in the sample. |
| Keywords: | knowledge production function; R&D; research policy; stepping-on-toes; duplication effect. |
| JEL: | O10 O30 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cfe:wpcefa:2018_03&r=knm |