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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2018‒04‒23
four papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Wiljan van den Berge (CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis); Jonneke Bolhaar (CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis); Roel van Elk (CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis) |
| Abstract: | We study knowledge spillovers from European universities and other research organizations using data from patent citations at the EPO. Using matching techniques to construct a sample of control patents, we show that the probability to cite a university patent declines with distance. In particular, we fi nd a sharp cut-o ff at around 25 kilometers. For longer distances the probability to cite a university patent is more or less constant. For other research organizations we find no evidence that distance plays a role. Country borders are shown to play an important role in restricting the diff usion of patents of both universities and other research organizations. These results are in line with recent literature for the U.S. and suggest that knowledge spillovers and tacit knowledge are important when using knowledge embodied in university patents. |
| JEL: | O33 O34 I23 |
| Date: | 2017–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpb:discus:348&r=knm |
| By: | Berno Büchel (University of Fribourg, Economics); Stefan Klößner (Saarland University, Statistics and Econometrics); Martin Lochmüller (Saarland University, Statistics and Econometrics); Heiko Rauhut (University of Zurich, Sociology) |
| Abstract: | We investigate how the selection process of a leader affects team performance with respect to social learning. We use a lab experiment in which an incentivized guessing task is repeated in a star network with the leader at the center. Leader selection is either based on competence, on self-confidence, or made at random. Teams with random leaders do not underperform compared to competent leaders, and they even outperform teams whose leader is selected based on self-confidence. The reason is that random leaders are better able to use the knowledge within the team. We can show that it is the declaration of the selection procedure which makes non-random leaders overly influential. We set up a horse race between several rational and naïve models of social learning to investigate the micro-level mechanisms. We find that overconfidence and conservatism contribute to the fact that overly influential leaders mislead their team. |
| Keywords: | Social Networks, Social Influence, Confidence, Overconfidence, Bayesian Updating, Naïve Learning, Sortition, Wisdom of Crowds |
| JEL: | D83 D85 C91 |
| Date: | 2018–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2018.02&r=knm |
| By: | Michaël Meijer; Gert-Joost Peek |
| Abstract: | Our paper will focus on the role of iconic occupiers in development of the Rotterdam Innovation District. This area combines two distinct port areas, RDM Campus and Merwe-Vierhavens (M4H). We will analyse the two approaches of redevelopment of these areas using the conceptual model of multi-helices. These approaches resulted in different preliminary results: a firmly organised redevelopment project resulting in a campus environment versus a loosely organised organic redevelopment process resulting in several lab like innovation environments. We characterise the redevelopment of the RDM site by the Triple Helix of university-industry-government relationships fostering innovation. The M4H area as a less preplanned redevelopment is following the Quadruple Helix, blending in the perspective of civil society in knowledge production and innovation, and the concept of the Living Lab.Certain occupiers are positioned as network builder. These are perceived to be good examples for the branding of M4H or their innovative character are called ‘area ambassadors’. Two of these are regarded as world famous brands and for that as ‘iconic’ occupiers of the area. This in contrast to the iconic buildings that feature the Rotterdam skyline. Studio Roosegaarde creates interactive designs exploring the dynamic relation between people, technology and space. Atelier van Lieshout is a multidisciplinary firm that operates internationally in contemporary art, design and architecture. By collaborating with these iconic end-users the City Ports organization wants to direct more attention to M4H, to create a stronger image for the area and to benefit from the extended network of these users. Previously, we published our preliminary findings on the arrival of Studio Roosegaarde in the area in 2015. Our paper will evaluate the role of Studio Roosegaarde as network builder for the area up until mid 2017 and we will make a start with describing and understanding Atelier van Lieshout’s iconic role.Next to interviews and desk research, we aim to research the network in M4H and RDM using Actor-Network specific methods. And we will put forward an analysis of the role of our own institution, the Rotterdam University of Applied Science, in developing the Rotterdam Innovation District. The university is a prominent actor filling in the university-part of the Triple Helix at RDM and is currently exploring a greater involvement in M4H including the recent opening of a student hub in the area. |
| Keywords: | Iconic occupiers; Innovation district; Network building; Redevelopment; Urban area development |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2017–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2017_104&r=knm |
| By: | Robert Grundke (OECD); Luca Marcolin (OECD); The Linh Bao Nguyen (Bocconi University); Mariagrazia Squicciarini (OECD) |
| Abstract: | This paper sheds light on the extent to which different types of skills are rewarded as industries go digital. It relies on information from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills on labour market participation and workers’ skills for 31 countries as well as on a novel OECD index on the digital penetration of industries. It investigates how cognitive and non-cognitive skills are rewarded in digital vs. less digital intensive industries and assesses the extent to which skills bundles matter. The results indicate that digital intensive industries especially reward workers having relatively higher levels of self-organisation and advanced numeracy skills. Moreover, for workers in digital intensive industries, bundles of skills are particularly important: workers endowed with a high level of numeracy skills receive an additional wage premium, if they also show high levels of self-organisation or managing and communication skills. |
| Date: | 2018–04–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaaa:2018/09-en&r=knm |