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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2016‒09‒25
nine papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Jens K. Perret (Europäisches Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (EIIW)) |
| Abstract: | At the core of every national innovation system two concepts are of central importance: The generation and the diffusion of innovations and ergo knowledge; on the one hand inside the system itself and on the other across the system's borders. The present study picks up on the aspect of knowledge generation in the context of the Russian Federation. An extended knowledge production function is estimated on the basis of Russian regional data and it is shown that the Russian NIS, nationally as well as internationally, is functional, however, not all channels of knowledge transfer work as efficiently as those in comparable Western European countries. |
| Keywords: | Knowledge Production Function, Russian Federation, National Innovation System, Panel Econometrics, Regional Economics, Patent Data |
| JEL: | O31 R11 R15 P25 |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bwu:eiiwdp:disbei217&r=knm |
| By: | Hanushek, Eric A. (Stanford University); Ruhose, Jens (Leibniz University); Woessmann, Ludger (University of Munich) |
| Abstract: | Although many U.S. state policies presume that human capital is important for state economic development, there is little research linking better education to state incomes. We develop detailed measures of skills of workers in each state based on school attainment from census micro data and on cognitive skills from state- and country-of-origin achievement tests. These new measures of knowledge capital permit development accounting analyses calibrated with standard production parameters. We find that differences in knowledge capital account for 20-35 percent of the current variation in per-capita GDP among states, with roughly even contributions by school attainment and cognitive skills. Similar results emerge from growth accounting analyses, emphasizing the importance of appropriately measuring worker skills. These estimates support emphasis on school improvement as a strategy for state economic development. |
| Keywords: | economic growth, human capital, cognitive skills, schooling, U.S. states JEL Classification: O47, I25, J24 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cge:wacage:299&r=knm |
| By: | Julien Ambrosino (Aerospace Valley, ESTIA Recherche - Ecole Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles Avancées (ESTIA), Agence de Développement et d'Innovation, IMS - Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Dimitri Masson (ESTIA Recherche - Ecole Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles Avancées (ESTIA)); Jérémy Legardeur (IMS - Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ESTIA Recherche - Ecole Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles Avancées (ESTIA)); Guillaume Tastet (Open Decide) |
| Abstract: | In the context of the emergence of collaborative innovation projects, the animation of creative sessions permits to identify new opportunities. The number of ideas generated is a lot more important than the number of collaborative projects implemented. To improve this ratio, we assume that group discussions could be facilitated by the cleavage of opinions about the quality of the ideas discussed during the meeting. We support our approach with a digital tool to promote information feedback throughout the session. |
| Abstract: | Dans le cadre de l'émergence de projets collaboratifs d'innovation, l'animation de séance de créativité permet d'identifier de nouvelles opportunités. Généralement, le nombre d'idées générées est bien plus important que le nombre de suites données (e.g. étude, lancement et montage de projets associés). Afin d'améliorer ce ratio, nous faisons les hypothèses que d'une part les évaluations et discussions en groupe sur les idées proposées pourraient être facilitées, et d'autre part que la singularité d'opinions concernant la qualité des idées évoquées en séance peut être facilitateur d'échanges. Pour cela, nous appuyons notre démarche par un outil numérique pour réaliser le partage d'informations des évaluations tout au long de la séance de créativité. |
| Keywords: | creativity,innovation,ideation,evaluation,rating,creative support tool,outil support à la créativité,créativité |
| Date: | 2016–07–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01346087&r=knm |
| By: | Petros Gkotsis (European Commission – JRC); Antonio Vezzani (European Commission – JRC Author-Workplace-Homepage: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en) |
| Abstract: | In this work we analyse patterns of technological development using patent applications at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) over the 1973-2012 period. Our study focuses on the combinations of technological fields within patent documents and their evolution in time, which can be modelled as a diffusion process. By focusing on the combinatorial dimension of the process we obtain insights that complement those from counting patents. Our results show that the density of the technological knowledge network increased and that the majority of technological fields became more interconnected over time. We find that most technologies follow a similar diffusion path that can be modelled as a Logistic or Gompertz function, which can then be used to estimate the time to maturity defined as the year at which the diffusion process for a specific technology slows down. This allows us to identify a set of promising technologies which are expected to reach maturity in the next decade. Our contribution represents a first step in assessing the importance of diffusion and cross-fertilization in the development of new technologies, which could support the design of targeted and effective Research & Innovation and Industrial policies. |
| Keywords: | technological diffusion, patents, knowledge |
| JEL: | O33 O31 C10 |
| Date: | 2016–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:wpaper:201607&r=knm |
| By: | Baris Alpaslan; Abdilahi Ali |
| Abstract: | This paper extends a two-period Overlapping Generations model of endogenous growth where the interactions between public infrastructure, human capital with R&D activities, and growth are studied. The paper makes two important contributions. First, it accounts for the spillover effect of the stock of ideas on learning which in turn promotes the production of innovative technologies. In doing so, it brings to the fore a two-way interaction between human capital and innovation. The paper then applies various econometric methods which confirm the above theoretical thesis. Second, the solutions of the model emphasise the important role public spending on infrastructure, human capital and R&D can play in promoting economic growth. In order to study the transitional dynamics of the model and to illustrate the impact of public policy, the model is calibrated using the average data for low-income countries and a sensitivity analysis is reported under different parameter configurations. The findings of the numerical analysis show that trade-offs in the allocation of public spending may inevitably emerge. In particular, investment in public infrastructure at the expense of spending on R&D is less likely to succeed in promoting economic growth, whereas it may be more effective to foster growth through an offsetting cut in another productive component, namely, education. In light of these potential trade-offs, governments in low-income countries need to use their limited budgets as part of holistic measures in order to achieve efficient outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Infrastructure, Human Capital, Innovation, Government Policy |
| JEL: | H54 J24 O31 O38 |
| Date: | 2016–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2016-59&r=knm |
| By: | Oleg Curbatov (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - Université Paris 13 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Louyot-Gallicher Marie (CREG - Centre de recherche et d'études en gestion - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour) |
| Abstract: | This communication first relates to the theoretical framework of NBIC Convergence / CKTS and proposes the possible scopes according to a specific process: that of "Convergence-Divergence". From the existing works about this convergence widely studied within the framework of the improvement of the performances and the human skills, our works, coupled with those of Knowledge Marketing, can interest as well the specialists working on the emergence of new industrial processes, products and services(departments) for example in the biomedical domain, as the new lifestyles and consumption by 2020-2050. |
| Abstract: | La présente communication s'inscrit tout d'abord dans le cadre théorique de la Convergence NBIC/CKTS et aborde ensuite les perspectives de développement sous un angle spécifique : celui de « Convergence-Divergence ». A partir des travaux existants au sujet de cette convergence largement étudiée dans le cadre de l'amélioration des performances et des compétences humaines, nos travaux couplés avec ceux du Knowledge Marketing peuvent intéresser tant les spécialistes travaillant sur l'émergence de nouveaux processus industriels, de produits et de services par exemple dans le domaine biomédical, que les nouveaux modes de vie et de consommation à l'horizon 2020-2050. Abstract This communication first relates to the theoretical framework of NBIC Convergence / CKTS and proposes the possible scopes according to a specific process: that of 'Convergence-Divergence'. From the existing works about this convergence widely studied within the framework of the improvement of the performances and the human skills, our research coupled with those of Knowledge Marketing, can interest as well the specialists working on the emergence of new industrial processes, products and services for example in the biomedical domain, as the new lifestyles and consumption by 2020-2050. |
| Keywords: | international strategies,convergence,Knowledge Marketing,health,NBIC |
| Date: | 2016–01–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01364860&r=knm |
| By: | Antonio García Sánchez (Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI). Universidad Complutense de Madrid.); José Molero Zayas (Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI). Universidad Complutense de Madrid.); Ruth Rama (Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI). Universidad Complutense de Madrid.) |
| Abstract: | We attempt to contribute to a better understanding of cooperative innovation patterns of foreign subsidiaries (FS) in Spain as a representative intermediate country, going deeply into three main aspects: firstly, a sectoral taxonomy which combines international technological dynamism and revealed technological advantage as a way to understand such patterns. Secondly we focus our attention on innovative intensive subsidiaries, assuming they are the most important ones for hosting countries. Thirdly, we combine innovation and structural-competitive variables to explain local cooperation. We found more intense cooperation of FS with local agents in dynamic specialization sectors, as well as the fact that this is mostly carried out in a complementary mode with inner knowledge capabilities of the companies. Cooperative activities are influenced by economicstructural factors of the Spanish economy, particularly in highly innovative companies. Cooperative strategies of domestic firms might also have an influence on those of foreign subsidiaries. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucm:wpaper:1603&r=knm |
| By: | Massimiliano Croce, Mariano (University of North Carolina); Nguyen, Thien Tung (Ohio State University); McGregor Raymond, Steve (University of North Carolina); Schmid, Lukas (Duke University) |
| Abstract: | Elevated levels of government debt raise concerns about their effects on long-term growth prospects. This study shows that (i) high-R&D firms are more exposed to government debt and pay higher expected returns than low-R&D firms; and (ii) higher levels of the debt-to-GDP ratio predict higher risk premia for high-R&D firms. Furthermore, rises in the cost of capital for innovation-intensive firms are associated with declines in subsequent R&D activity and economic growth. We study these findings in a production-based asset pricing model with endogenous innovation. By accounting for fiscal and political risk, our model reproduces several aspects of the empirical evidence. |
| JEL: | C62 F31 G12 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:ohidic:2016-10&r=knm |
| By: | Julien Ambrosino (Aerospace Valley, ESTIA Recherche - Ecole Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles Avancées (ESTIA), IMS - Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Agence de Développement et d'Innovation); Jérémy Legardeur (ESTIA Recherche - Ecole Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles Avancées (ESTIA), IMS - Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Amélie Demanet (Agence de Développement et d'Innovation); Philippe Lattes (Aerospace Valley) |
| Abstract: | At the regional level, as in Aquitaine region, or at national and European levels, interclustering offers new opportunities to collaborate between clusters/clusters and their respective members. The interclustering steps identified in the literature start usually by exchanging best practices between members and cluster leaders to move towards the setting up collaborative innovation projects with a cross-sectoral dimension. In the case of major clusters, the abundance of technologies identified in the perimeter can limit the impact in its institutional scope. Technological diversification then appears as a new opportunity to foster cross-fertilization between market applications and complementary themes. The number of projects since 2010 in connection with Aerospace Valley competitiveness cluster seems to confirm our assumptions. |
| Abstract: | A l'échelle régionale, comme en Aquitaine, ou au niveau national et européen, l'interclustering offre de nouvelles opportunités de collaborations aux pôles de compétitivité et aux clusters et à leurs adhérents respectifs. Les étapes identifiées dans la littérature à propos de l'interclustering débutent le plus souvent par l'échange de bonnes pratiques entre membres et animateurs de clusters pour tendre vers le montage de projets collaboratifs d'innovation avec une dimension trans-sectorielle. Dans le cas des pôles de compétitivité majeurs, l'abondance des technologies identifiées au sein du périmètre peut limiter l'impact à l'intérieur de son champ d'action institutionnel. La diversification technologique parait alors comme une nouvelle opportunité pour susciter la fertilisation croisée entre des applications marché et des thématiques complémentaires. Le nombre de projets réalisés depuis 2010 en lien avec pôle Aerospace Valley semble confirmer nos hypothèses en ce sens. |
| Keywords: | cluster,innovation,collaborative projects,competitiveness cluster,diversification,interclustering,projets collaboratifs,clusters,pôle de compétitivité |
| Date: | 2016–07–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01346128&r=knm |