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on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy |
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Issue of 2015‒12‒12
nine papers chosen by Laura Ştefănescu Centrul European de Studii Manageriale în Administrarea Afacerilor |
| By: | Antonescu, Daniela |
| Abstract: | During the last period, innovation represented the core topic of a wide number of studies and analyses due to the potential impact it could have on the development level of a country or a region. This aspect is relatively easy to explain: innovation represents an important source of regional/national competitiveness, a modern factor of growth and economic resilience, but also the fundamental objective of the current programming period and of the Europe 2020 Strategy. According to theory, innovation is a process that takes place predominantly at micro-economic level. Still, its approach at regional level gains increasingly more room within economic approaches starting from the premise that innovative performances of a company depend directly and to a large share on the endogenous local potential, but also on a combination of factors of influence, determined by the specifics and conditions of the area. The study intends to analyse from the theoretical and practical viewpoint the role of the innovation process within economic development and growth at regional and national level. |
| Keywords: | innovation, research, regional development, Strategy 2020, innovative region |
| JEL: | O3 O38 R1 R10 R12 R58 |
| Date: | 2015–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:68178&r=knm |
| By: | David de la Croix (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES)); Thomas Baudin (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Centre de Recherche en Démographie) |
| Abstract: | Nous exposons les raisons et les conséquences du passage d’une stagnation millénaire à une croissance durable et en tire des conclusions pour le futur. La quasi-stagnation qui régnait avant 1820 empêchait l’individu moyen de bénéficier d’amélioration de ses conditions de vie à l’échelle de son existence. Après 1820, dans un pays comme la Belgique, le niveau de vie de l’individu moyen a été multiplié en moyenne par 2 tous les 50 ans. Quelle que soit notre position quant à la désirabilité d'une croissance illimitée, force est de constater que la croissance des deux derniers siècles a accompagné bon nombre de d'évolutions positives: la santé (espérance de vie), l'éducation, davantage l'égalité des genres, la démocratie, l'Etat Providence. La croissance économique est donc un phénomène récent, datant de deux siècles seulement. La croissance moderne possède deux types de moteurs : (i) le moteur essentiel qu’est l’innovation, ou autrement dit, le progrès technique, (ii) des moteurs secondaires tels que l’augmentation de l'éducation et l’allongement de l'espérance de vie, l’urbanisation et la baisse de la fécondité. La question se pose aujourd'hui de savoir si cette croissance va poursuivre son chemin en suivant le sentier déterminé depuis deux siècles (vue classique), ou bien, au contraire, va-t-elle plafonner, comme si l'histoire consistait à passer d'un niveau de revenu par habitant à un autre, plus élevé (vue Malthusienne)? Nous concluons que nos moteurs secondaires de croissance semblent donc être à sec - nos économies sont en train de converger vers une situation où seuls les déplacements de la frontière technologique pourront leur permettre de croitre. |
| Keywords: | Stagnation, Capital, Fertility, Mortality, Education, Human Capital, Convergence, Poverty trap, Technical Progress, Decline, Inequality |
| JEL: | O40 |
| Date: | 2015–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctl:louvir:2015021&r=knm |
| By: | AOKI Reiko; ARAI Yasuhiro |
| Abstract: | We examine how a standard evolves when both a standard consortium or firm (incumbent) and an outside firm (potential entrant) innovate to improve the technology. The incumbent improves to deter entry, and the entrant can invest to counter the incumbent's attempt. We show that only when the technology is mature and inertia is sufficiently low will there be entry leading to the coexistence of both standards. When the technology is in its infancy, the incumbent deters entry by technology improvement (upgrade) for any level of inertia. The entrant is never able to drive the incumbent out of the market (replacement). Our results suggest that competition policy to control inertia is not a substitute for policies to promote technological innovation, and that coordination of the two policies is essential. |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:15136&r=knm |
| By: | Thierno Tounkara (DSI - Département Systèmes d'Information - Télécom Ecole de Management - Institut Mines-Télécom); Pierre-Emmanuel Arduin (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Paris IX - Paris Dauphine) |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes an operational evaluation grid which helps Organizations to determine the perception employees have about the degree of alignment between their Information System (IS) supporting knowledge sharing and different organizational culture contexts. Relying on this perception, Organizations can: (1) analyze barriers to a successful use of information system functionalities for greater efficiency of knowledge sharing and (2) identify appropriate IS functionalities they should invest on to increase the dynamic of knowledge sharing. A case study illustrates the use of our evaluation grid and the implications of this work are finally discussed at the end of this paper. |
| Keywords: | knowledge sharing,knowledge management,information system,organizational culture,strategic alignment |
| Date: | 2015–09–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01229876&r=knm |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | This study on Human Resource Management (HRM) in States Affected by Fragility and/or Conflict has been produced by the INCAF Secretariat in response to a request made by the INCAF Task Team on Implementation and Reform during its meetings of 25-26 March 2014. The purpose of this publication is to: • provide a shared understanding of HRM issues to policy makers and practitioners involved in states affected by fragility and/or conflict (SFC)2 • outline a set of common challenges faced by INCAF members in relation to HRM in SFC • serve as a peer-learning tool by sharing ideas and experiences on innovative practices and reforms among members of the OECD/DAC’s International Network on Conflict and Fragility (INCAF), or from other organisations working in SFC |
| Keywords: | human resource management |
| Date: | 2015–12–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dcdaab:2-en&r=knm |
| By: | Erin Baker (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA); Olaitan Olaleye (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA); Lara Aleluia Reis (Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM)) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we provide an overview of decision frameworks aimed at crafting an energy technology Research & Development portfolio, based on the results of three large expert elicitation studies and a large scale energy-economic model. We introduce importance sampling as a technique for integrating elicitation data and large IAMs into decision making under uncertainty models. We show that it is important to include both parts of this equation – the prospects for technological advancement and the interactions of the technologies in and with the economy. We find that investment in energy technology R&D is important even in the absence of climate policy. We illustrate the value of considering dynamic two-stage sequential decision models under uncertainty for identifying alternatives with option value. Finally, we consider two frameworks that incorporate ambiguity aversion. We suggest that these results may be best used to guide future research aimed at improving the set of elicitation data. |
| Keywords: | Decision Making Under Uncertainty, Climate Change, Stabilization Pathways, Energy technology, Ambiguity Aversion |
| JEL: | Q42 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2015.42&r=knm |
| By: | KOBAYASHI, Daisuke |
| Abstract: | It has been the consensus among researchers that Schumpeter clearly distinguished the notions of innovation and invention, even neglecting the notion of invention in his work. Consequently, there has been very little effort made to tackle the relationship between Schumpeter’s development theory and the invention theories that were popular in the fields of anthropology and archaeology at that time, making it difficult to grasp how Schumpeter elaborated his own development theory. However, a close examination of his early works demonstrates that Schumpeter’s development theory can also be understood in the context of the debates surrounding the notion of invention. In Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, Schumpeter presented his static agent/innovator dyad with reference to ideas or terms used in the debates of invention being conducted around that time by anthropologists and archaeologists. In the present paper, the author seeks to depict the history of the concept of invention, helped by the work of Benoît Godin, and discusses how Schumpeter presented his development theory based on the ideas involved in the invention debates. |
| Keywords: | invention, evolutionism, diffusionism, unilinear development, psychic unity, |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hok:dpaper:292&r=knm |
| By: | Inga Ivanova (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Oivind Strand (Aalesund University College); Duncan Kushnir (Chalmers University of Technology); Loet Leydesdorff (University of Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | We apply the Method of Reflections developed by Hidalgo and Hausmann for measuring economic complexity to a Triple Helix system of innovations by defining the Patent Complexity Index in analogy and addition to the Economic Complexity Index and extending MR to three dimensions. PCI is operationalized in terms of patent groups instead of product groups. PCI and ECI are computed for three groups of countries. We find no correlation between economic complexity and technological complexity which means that the two measures capture different information. Adding the third dimension of governance to the Method of Reflections, one can incorporate knowledge dimension in Hidalgo and Hausmann defined ECI and use MR for evaluation the efficiency of Triple-Helix system of innovations. The Method of Reflections can thus be used for evaluating the efficiency of a TH system of innovations in terms of its contribution to the net national income |
| Keywords: | Triple-Helix innovation system, Method of Reflections, economic complexity, technological efficiency, patent complexity index PCI |
| JEL: | C63 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:54sti2015&r=knm |
| By: | Yvon Pesqueux (LIRSA - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Sciences de l'Action - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM]) |
| Abstract: | les auteurs avant et après la Deuxième guerre mondiale |
| Keywords: | théorie des organisations |
| Date: | 2015–11–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01235163&r=knm |