|
on Investment |
| By: | Philipp Ager; Viktor Malein |
| Abstract: | The paper evaluates the long-run impact of charity nurseries for disadvantaged children in early 20th-century New York. Access to charity nurseries with kindergarten instruction raised children’s years of education and reduced their likelihood of working in low-skilled jobs later in life. Instead, exposed children were more likely to work in jobs requiring higher cognitive and language skills. The effects were strongest for children from the most disadvantaged immigrant groups at that time. Our findings suggest that kindergarten instruction in charity nurseries helped immigrant children better understand teachers’ instructions and learning materials which improved their economic outcomes in adulthood. |
| Keywords: | Age of Mass Migration; Charity Nurseries; Child Care; Disadvantaged Children; Kindergarten Instruction; New York City |
| JEL: | I21 I26 J13 J15 N31 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_596 |
| By: | Mateos, Angel; Harvey, John; Wu, Rongzong; Buscheck, Jeff; Butt, Ali; Guada, Irwin; Bowman, Michael; Rahman, Mohammad; Brotschi, Julian; Yu, Justin |
| Abstract: | Current Caltrans Standard Specifications for rubberized hot mix asphalt–gap-graded (RHMA-G) do not allow the inclusion of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). This report summarizes the research conducted by the UCPRC in support of the Caltrans-industry initiative “10% RAP in RHMA-G, ” whose goal is to evaluate the use of up to 10% RAP (by aggregate replacement) in RHMA-G mixes, provided that the research does not identify significant potential problems for durability. Five pilot projects were built by Caltrans as part the initiative. In each of the pilots, a control RHMA-G (without RAP) and an RHMA-G with 10% RAP were placed. The mixes were sampled during production and tested using performance-related tests at the UCPRC laboratory. The results of the testing of the mixes—including stiffness, four-point bending fatigue resistance, and rutting resistance—indicate that the addition of 10% RAP had minor effects on the mechanical properties of the RHMA-G. With just a few exceptions related to changes in the total binder content of the mix, the effect of the RAP addition was negligible compared with project-to-project differences. Modeling with CalME software based on four-point bending testing results indicated that the impact of the RAP addition on the cracking performance of the pavement was either negligible or comparable to project-to-project differences. From the constructability point of view, the addition of the RAP did not create any problems. The life cycle assessment presented in this report indicates that the addition of 10% RAP to the RHMA-G can reduce the greenhouse gasses emissions associated with the RHMA-G production (cradle-to-gate) by up to 5%. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, asphalt overlay, rubberized hot mix asphalt–gap-graded (RHMA-G), crumb rubber modifier, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) |
| Date: | 2024–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt2np2f69j |
| By: | Marco Cipriani; Thomas M. Eisenbach; Anna Kovner |
| Abstract: | We use high-frequency interbank payments data to trace deposit flows in March 2023 and identify twenty-two banks that suffered a run, significantly more than the two that failed but fewer than the number that experienced large negative stock returns. The runs were driven by large (institutional) depositors, rather than many small (retail) depositors. While the runs were related to weak fundamentals, we find evidence for the importance of coordination because run banks were disproportionately publicly traded and many banks with similarly bad fundamentals did not suffer a run. Banks that survived a run did so by borrowing new funds and then raising deposit rates, not by selling liquid securities. |
| Keywords: | bank runs; payments; coordination; public signals |
| JEL: | E41 E58 G01 G21 G28 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedrwp:98842 |
| By: | Rivas Valdivia, Juan Carlos; Santamaría, Jesús |
| Abstract: | En esta investigación, se lleva a cabo un análisis estadístico y econométrico para evaluar los efectos del aumento del gasto público sobre la actividad económica durante la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) en los países de Centroamérica y la República Dominicana, en el período 2020-2022. Entre las principales conclusiones, cabe mencionar que los países que presentaron un mayor gasto público entre 2020 y 2021 también experimentaron una recuperación económica significativa en 2021. Asimismo, dichos países cuentan con un mayor multiplicador del gasto público en relación con el producto interno bruto (PIB). Los modelos autorregresivos vectoriales y el análisis de las funciones de impulso-respuesta confirman que los efectos de las medidas fiscales contracíclicas que se pusieron en marcha durante la pandemia en las economías de Centroamérica y la República Dominicana son diferenciados y persistentes. Estas medidas tuvieron un impacto a corto, mediano y largo plazo, ya que tanto los efectos positivos como los negativos se disiparon tras tres o cuatro años y los indicadores regresaron a sus niveles habituales en el cuarto o quinto año. Además, a partir de la estimación de modelos usando el método generalizado de momentos (MGM), se demostró que la puesta en marcha de una política fiscal contracíclica durante la pandemia tuvo un efecto positivo sobre el PIB a corto plazo en todos los países, si bien en diferente medida. El modelo de panel para el conjunto de los países estudiados también confirmó que el mayor déficit fiscal en ese período tuvo un impacto positivo sobre el PIB. Por lo tanto, la política fiscal desempeñó un papel central en la mitigación de las repercusiones económicas de la pandemia de COVID-19 y, al mismo tiempo, proporcionó parte del impulso necesario para lograr la reactivación de la actividad económica en los países de Centroamérica y en la República Dominicana. |
| Date: | 2024–08–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col031:80601 |
| By: | Marwil J. Dávila-Fernández; Christian Proaño; Serena Sordi |
| Abstract: | The ongoing transformation of the social base supporting political choices in highincome countries is happening in the context of raising demand for more significant efforts to reduce carbon emissions. Our research question lies in the intersection between these two major themes. We develop a heterogeneous agents behavioural macro model that differentiates between left- and right-wing voting preferences in two main political dimensions: economic-distributive and socio-cultural. A continuous-time version of the discrete-choice approach describes the composition of the population over time. The model is compatible with the emergence of “left-left”, “left-right”, “rightleft”, and “right-right” coalitions, each associated with a skill premium and carbon taxes or subsidies. Human capital accumulation results in a wage differential that influences production and feedback on inequality. Through induced technical change, taxing emissions influences the development of carbon-neutral production techniques, impacting output and ultimately feeding political attitudes. We numerically study the implications of secularisation and the asymmetric effects of carbon taxes on low/highskilled workers to green transition. It is shown that achieving absolute decoupling is a two-part problem. Reaching a consensus for implementing a carbon tax is only the first step. A sufficiently strong element of induced technical change favouring carbonneutral production techniques is also necessary to avoid reducing living standards |
| Keywords: | Political cleavages; Climate change; Inequality; Human capital; Carbon tax |
| JEL: | C62 D72 Q01 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usi:wpaper:909 |
| By: | Jinglei Huang (Tsinghua University, School of Social Science, Mingzhai Building, Haidian District, Beijing, China); Guofu Tan (University of Southern California, 3620 South Vermont Avenue KAP Hall, 300, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0253, United States); Tat-How Teh (Nanyang Technological University, Division of Economics, 48 Nanyang Ave, 639818 Singapore); Junjie Zhou (Tsinghua University, School of Economics and Management, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China) |
| Abstract: | Network interoperability between platforms often comes in various possible configurations, including industry-wide, coalition-based, and pairwise interoperability arrangements. We present an approach to incorporate generalized configurations of network interoperability into the analysis of price competition among any number of symmetric platforms. Specifically, the network benefit received by consumers on each platform increases with the effective network size of the platform, which is determined by an interoperability matrix reflecting the connections between platforms. Four key factors—the strength of interoperability, the shape of the network externality function, the interoperability configuration, and the number of platforms—jointly determine the equilibrium prices. Our findings show, among other things, that increased interoperability strength tends to reduce prices and benefit consumers when: (i) the network externality function exhibits strong increasing returns to scale, or (ii) the interoperability configuration includes multiple coalitions. |
| Keywords: | platforms, interoperability, interconnectivity, compatibility, data sharing, learning curve, coalitions |
| JEL: | D43 L15 L20 L50 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:net:wpaper:2403 |
| By: | Vincent Meisner; Pascal Pillath |
| Abstract: | We design the profit-maximizing mechanism to sell an excludable and non-rival good with network effects. Buyers have heterogeneous private values that depend on how many others also consume the good. In optimum, an endogenous number of the highest types shares consumption, and we provide an algorithm that implements this allocation in dominant strategies. We apply our insights to digital content creation, and we are able to rationalize features seen in monetization schemes in this industry such as voluntary contributions, community subsidies, and exclusivity bids. |
| Keywords: | Mechanism design, non-rival goods, club goods, network effects, digital content, creator economy |
| JEL: | D82 |
| Date: | 2024–09–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0049 |
| By: | Azwar Muhammad Aslam (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics); Ahmed Waqar Qasim (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics) |
| Abstract: | No titles to land in the existing land titling system therefore instruments in the contemporary system are not instruments of title and hence are not conclusive. Records of right are not instruments of titles only carry the presumption of truth Mutation since not part of the record of right, does not even carry the presumption of truth and is neither document of title. Transfer deed registration does not equate to the registration of title/right rather it just adds the element of presumption of truth. So, the contemporary does not provide titles to land and hence not a land titling system. Rather a land record management system that just registers the tools and records the rights transferred based on those tools. Multiple agencies are handling records pertaining to land and records keeping is just for revenue generation purposes. The system itself is outdated and has serious implications for the economy and society since land is not part of the economic transactions due to unclear and dubious property rights. Past transactions and transfer of rights are needed to establish the chain of ownership. Torrens is the only way forward, as it will provide title to land in a transparent and effective manner. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:kbrief:2024:125 |
| By: | Perona, Mathieu |
| Abstract: | Les principaux indicateurs de bien-être progressent en septembre, tant par rapport à juin que par rapport à septembre 2023. La satisfaction générale dans la vie, le sentiment de sens ou encore la satisfaction par rapport au travail atteignent certains de leurs plus hauts niveaux depuis 2016, tandis que le sentiment d’avoir été heureux ou l’appréciation des perspectives de la prochaine génération se redressent. Dans un climat d’incertitude politique et de stagnation de la situation financière des ménages, cette embellie découle probablement du sentiment d’enthousiasme créé par les Jeux Olympiques et Paralympiques de Paris 2024. |
| Keywords: | France, Well-Being, Conjoncture, Bien-être |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:notobe:2412 |
| By: | Byran Fanning (School of Social Policy, Social Work and Social Justice, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland) |
| Abstract: | Responses to refugees and international protection applicants in the Republic of Ireland have, in recent years, mostly been reactive attempts at crisis management. Since the invasion of the Ukraine by Russia in 2022, Ireland has admitted exponentially larger numbers of refugees than previously (under the European Temporary Protection Directive) alongside hugely increased numbers of asylum seekers (International Protection applicants). In the absence of state capacity to provide adequate accommodation for the increased number of refugees and asylum seekers and to provide supports for host communities, this has led to an ongoing wave of anti-refugee protests and anti-social behaviour promoted and exploited by far-right groups in both deprived urban areas and in rural areas. The focus of this paper is on a number of interconnected challenges. There is a need to develop services, accommodation and infrastructure to meet the needs of future projected arrivals, as well as those who have arrived in recent years. There is also a need to proactively address anxieties within host communities by improving engagement with and supports to these communities. Zero-sum perceptions that host communities suffer from the arrival of refugees need to be addressed. This cannot be done without a wider social policy focus on social cohesion, community development and the strategic development of State capacity to provide proactive supports to host communities. |
| Keywords: | Asylum seekers, community engagement, far-right, politics, hostile environments, International protection applicants, localism, protests, refugees, social cohesion, state capacity, Ukrainians |
| JEL: | P0 |
| Date: | 2024–03–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucd:wpaper:202405 |
| By: | Dimitrios Bakas (Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University (UK) and Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis (RCEA) (USA)); Ioanna Konstantakopoulou (Centre for Planning and Economic Research (Greece)); Athanasios Triantafyllou (IESEG School of Management, Univ. Lille (France)) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the validity of the tourism-led economic growth hypothesis for the Euro Area economies. We employ linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag cointegration approaches to examine the symmetric and asymmetric effects of tourism on economic growth. Furthermore, we control for the presence of structural breaks in the time series which account for the recent financial and debt crises in the Euro Area. The results support the positive impact of tourism on economic growth for most of the Euro Area economies and are robust to alternative tourism measures. The findings indicate that an asymmetric impact exists both in the long and the short run. Positive and negative shocks of tourism and real exchange rate result to very different effects, in the sign and magnitude, on economic growth. |
| Keywords: | Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis; Euro Area; ARDL; Nonlinear ARDL; Structural Breaks |
| JEL: | E00 F00 C32 L83 O10 O11 Z32 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:awm:wpaper:20 |
| By: | Khuc, Van Quy; Bui, Trinh |
| Abstract: | Thời gian gần đây, cụm từ Kinh tế số (Digital Economy) đã được các phương tiện truyền thông và thậm chí các nhà kinh tế nhắc đến như một từ thời thượng. Tuy nhiên, sự hiểu biết thực sự về lĩnh vực này như về cơ cấu, sự đóng góp và ảnh hưởng của kinh tế số vào tăng trưởng GDP vẫn còn nhiều hạn chế. Nghiên cứu này tập trung vào đánh giá tác động của nhóm ngành công nghệ thông tin và truyền thông (ICT) bao gồm sản xuất ICT và dịch vụ ICT đến một số nhóm ngành khác trong nền kinh tế. Cụ thể, nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp phân tích cân đối liên ngành I.O và bộ dữ liệu của 9 nhóm ngành được cập nhật đến năm 2016 để xác định tác động lan tỏa tổng quát, tác động tràn (spillover effects) của ICT, đóng góp của các nhân tố của cầu cuối cùng lan tỏa đến giá trị gia tăng của nền kinh tế. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tác động lan tỏa tổng quát của hai nhóm ngành sản xuất ICT và dịch vụ ICT đều thấp. Sản phẩm cuối cùng của sản xuất ICT lan tỏa ít đến sản xuất trong nước nhưng lan tỏa mạnh đến nhập khẩu. Điều này có nghĩa là sản xuất ICT của Việt Nam chủ yếu lan tỏa đến nhập khẩu và sản phẩm phụ trợ trong nước cho việc sản xuất ICT là tương đối yếu kém. Kết quả nghiên cứu gợi mở một số hàm ý chính sách vĩ mô quan trọng để tập trung phát triển ngành ICT và một số ngành có chỉ số tác động lan tỏa tốt để góp phần thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế Việt Nam trong thời gian đến. |
| Date: | 2024–09–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:n37xr |
| By: | Diana Barro (Dept. of Economics, University of Venice); Antonella Basso (Dept. of Economics, University of Venice); Stefania Funari (Dept. of Management, University of Venice); Guglielmo Alessandro Visentin (Dept. of Management, University of Venice) |
| Abstract: | In the last decades, financial markets have experienced great uncertainty that has led investors to look for alternative assets to further diversify their portfolios. Art and collectibles fall under such category, and there is a lively debate among academics and practitioners regarding the role of art in financial markets and portfolio choices. For such reason, we investigate the financial characteristics of the art market, and build a portfolio diversified with art to asses whether it outperforms, in terms of risk and return, portfolios which do not include art. We show that art performs well compared with standard and other alternative investments with which art is low correlated. In addition, we find that art returns follow an untypical seasonal pattern, and that much of the volatility in the art market can be attributed to the seasonal component of the time series. Finally, the results of the portfolio optimization analysis indicate that art enters efficient portfolios, and when additional constraints are implemented into the classical mean-variance optimization model, to account for investors’ preferences for liquidity, portfolios which include art still perform well. |
| Keywords: | Art investment, Alternative assets, Portfolio diversification, STL decomposition, Mean-variance optimization |
| JEL: | C22 G11 Z11 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vnm:wpdman:205 |
| By: | Lee Braine; Shreepad Shukla; Piyush Agrawal |
| Abstract: | In the UK, the Bank of England and HM Treasury are exploring a potential UK retail CBDC, the digital pound, with one of their motivations being the potential role of the digital pound as an anchor for monetary and financial stability. In this paper, we explore three elements for anchoring money (singleness of money, official currency as the unit of account, and safety and soundness of financial institutions and payment systems) that maintain public trust and confidence in private UK retail digital money and the financial system. We also identify core capabilities (comprising on-demand interoperability across issuers and forms of private money, settlement finality in wholesale central bank money, and access to physical cash) and appropriate measures (comprising customer funds protection, robust regulation, effective supervision, safe innovation in money and payments, and the central bank as the lender of last resort) that together provide the foundations for the three elements for anchoring money. Our preliminary analysis concludes that anchoring private UK retail digital money is supported by these elements, capabilities and measures. Further work could include public-private collaboration to explore anchoring all forms of UK retail digital money. |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2409.18532 |
| By: | Timothy DeStefano; Nick Johnstone; Richard Kneller; Jonathan Timmis |
| Abstract: | The arrival of cloud computing provides firms a new way to access digital technologies as digital services. Yet, capital incentive policies present in every OECD country are still targeted towards investments in information technology (IT) capital. If cloud services are partial substitutes for IT investments, the presence of capital incentive policies may unintentionally discourage the adoption of cloud and technologies that rely on the cloud, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics. This paper exploits a tax incentive in the UK for capital investment as a quasi-natural experiment to examine the impact on firm adoption of cloud computing, big data analytics and AI. The empirical results find that the policy increased investment in IT capital as would be expected; but it slowed firm adoption of cloud, big data and AI. Matched employer-employee data shows that the policy also led firms to reduce their demand for workers that perform data analytics, but not other types of workers. |
| Keywords: | Capital incentives, Firms, Cloud computing, Artificial Intelligence |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:not:notgep:2024-04 |
| By: | Bergvall, Sanna (Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg); Fernström, Clara (Stockholm Business School, Stockholm University); Ranehill, Eva (Department of Economics, Lund University); Sandberg, Anna (Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University) |
| Abstract: | Recent self-reported and cross-sectional survey evidence documents high levels of mental health problems among PhD students. We study the impact of PhD studies on mental health care uptake using Swedish administrative records of prescriptions for psychiatric medication for the full population of PhD students. First, we provide descriptive evidence that PhD students collect psychiatric medication at a higher rate than a matched sample of individuals holding a master’s degree, but at a lower rate than a matched sample from the general population. Second, we implement an event study analysis and document that, in the years preceding their PhD studies, prospective students collect psychiatric medication at a rate similar to that of a matched sample of individuals holding a master’s degree. However, following the start of PhD studies, the use of psychiatric medication among PhD students increases substantially. This upward trend continues throughout the course of PhD studies, with estimates showing a 40 percent increase by the fifth year compared to pre-PhD levels. After the fifth year, which represents the average duration of PhD studies in our sample, we observe a notable decrease in the utilization of psychiatric medication. |
| Keywords: | Mental health; PhD studies; psychiatric medication |
| JEL: | I10 I23 |
| Date: | 2024–09–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lunewp:2024_007 |
| By: | Haishi Li (The University of Hong Kong); Zhi Li (The Chinese University of Hong Kong); Ziho Park (National Taiwan University); Yulin Wang (The University of Hong Kong); Jing Wu (The Chinese University of Hong Kong) |
| Abstract: | We study how firms in neutral countries adjusted supply chains to Western sanctions on Russia. Firms with headquarters in sanctioning countries (sanctioning MNEs) reduced sanctioned product exports to Russia, showing MNEs' global influence. However, domestic firms in neutral countries increased sanctioned exports, weakening sanctions. Firms exporting more to sanctioning countries complied more, while those sourcing more inputs rerouted sanctioned products to Russia. Sanctioning MNEs expanded exports to both sanctioning and Russia-friendly countries, blending compliance and evasion. Financial sanctions led sanctioning MNEs to reduce imports from Russia in risky sectors. To improve sanctions, stronger secondary sanctions and MNE involvement are essential. |
| Keywords: | Global Supply Chains; Geopolitical Risk; International Conflict |
| JEL: | F14 F63 O19 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:net:wpaper:2401 |
| By: | Steven Campbell; Qien Song; Ting-Kam Leonard Wong |
| Abstract: | Macroscopic properties of equity markets affect the performance of active equity strategies but many are not adequately captured by conventional models of financial mathematics and econometrics. Using the CRSP Database of the US equity market, we study empirically several macroscopic properties defined in terms of market capitalizations and returns, and highlight a list of stylized facts and open questions motivated in part by stochastic portfolio theory. Additionally, we present a systematic backtest of the diversity-weighted portfolio under various configurations and study its performance in relation to macroscopic quantities. All of our results can be replicated using codes made available on our GitHub repository. |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2409.10859 |
| By: | Jackson Tamunosaki Jack |
| Abstract: | Violent conflicts act as disincentives for sustainable socioeconomic development in conflict-prone societies, especially in the Global South. Existing studies focus largely on economic, political, and social triggers of violent conflicts; cultural factors, while important, are often not considered. This paper undertakes a case study of the Niger Delta region, Nigeria, to investigate the importance of cultural factors in the cycle of violence. |
| Keywords: | Violent conflict, Norms, Violence, Culture, Nigeria |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2024-57 |
| By: | Cecilia POGGI; Sveva Vitellozzi; Lucia Ferrone; Frank Otchere |
| Abstract: | We explore the association between domestic labor and psychological distress among women and men in Ghana. A growing body of literature has recently focused on the relationship between time use and mental health, uncovering a negative association between women’s mental health and domestic labor. This work contributes to the literature by i) focusing on the number of activities, rather than the amount of time, ii) including both women and men, while most studies focus only on women. We use the second and third waves of the Ghana Socioeconomic Panel Survey (GSPS). We find that a higher number of domestic activities is associated with a higher psychological distress. For women the effect is driven mainly by care activities, while for men by both domestic and care activities. We posit that the relevant mechanism is the effort required to switch from one activity to another, and from one role to another. |
| Keywords: | Ghana |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2024–09–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en17394 |
| By: | Damelang, Andreas (FAU); Rückel, Ann-Katrin (FAU); Stops, Michael (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | "This study presents patterns of gender stereotyping in job ads in the German labor market and examines its association with the unequal distribution of men and women across occupations. Using a large dataset of job ads from the "BA-Jobbörse", one of the largest online job portals in Germany, we apply a machine learning algorithm to identify the explicitly verbalized job descriptions. We then use a dictionary of agentic (male-associated) and communal (female-associated) signal words to measure gender stereotyping in the job descriptions. We collect information for 710 different occupations. Our first result shows that more jobs are female-stereotyped than male-stereotyped. We then take the example of two occupational groups that reveal clear differences in tasks contents and are highly relevant regarding important megatrends like digitalization and the demographic change: On the one hand, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and, on the other hand, Health and Social Services occupations. Additionally, we investigate the hierarchical aspect of occupational gender segregation. We distinguish jobs according to their required skill level and whether or not they are supervisory and leadership positions. In contrast to our first result, we find within STEM occupations as well as in supervisory and leadership positions that the majority of jobs is male-stereotyped. Our findings indicate a positive association between gender stereotyping and occupational gender segregation, suggesting that gender stereotyping in job ads might contribute to the underrepresentation of women in certain occupations and occupational positions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | IAB-Open-Access-Publikation |
| JEL: | J71 |
| Date: | 2024–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:202413 |