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on Investment |
| By: | Arindrajit Dube; Ben Zipperer |
| Abstract: | The own-wage elasticity (OWE) of employment estimated using minimum wage increases provides an economically meaningful measure of the policy on jobs. We discuss how to interpret the magnitude of the OWE, including in terms of welfare and under alternative models of the labor market. We present a comprehensive set of OWE estimates from 88 studies and introduce an regularly updated repository of the estimates---https://economic.github.io/owe---an up-to-date snapshot of the existing literature for scholars and policymakers. We find that most studies to date suggest a fairly modest impact of minimum wages on jobs: the median OWE estimate of 72 studies published in academic journals is -0.13, which suggests that only around 13 percent of the potential earnings gains from minimum wage increases are offset due to associated job losses. Estimates published since 2010 tend to be closer to zero. |
| JEL: | J0 J2 J88 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32925 |
| By: | Christopher F. Baum (Boston College); Hans Lööf (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm); Andreas Stephan (Linneaus University); Klaus F. Zimmermann (UNU-Merit Maastricht University) |
| Abstract: | In this case study, we examine the wage earnings of fully-employed previous refugee immigrants in Sweden. Using administrative employer-employee data from 1990 onwards, about 100, 000 refugee immigrants who arrived between 1980 and 1996 and were granted asylum are compared to a matched sample of native- born workers using coarsened exact matching. Employing recentered influence function (RIF) quantile regressions to wage earnings for the period 2011–2015, the occupational-task-based Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition approach shows that refugees perform better than natives at the median wage, controlling for individual and firm characteristics. The RIF-quantile approach provides better insights for the analysis of these wage differentials than the standard regression model employed in earlier versions of the study. |
| Date: | 2024–09–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:lsug24:06 |
| By: | Priyaranjan Jha; David Neumark; Antonio Rodriguez-Lopez |
| Abstract: | Dube, Lester, and Reich (2010) argue that state-level minimum wage variation correlated with economic shocks generates spurious evidence that higher minimum wages reduce employment. Using minimum wage variation within contiguous county pairs sharing a state border, they find no relationship between minimum wages and employment in the U.S. restaurant industry. Using the same research design, we show that this result is overturned if we use instead multi-state commuting zones, which provide superior definitions of local economic areas. These contrasting results are explained by a positive bias in the county-pair specification when using pairs formed by counties from different commuting zones. |
| JEL: | J23 J38 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32901 |
| By: | Rastrollo Suárez, Juan José (Universidad de Salamanca) |
| Abstract: | A lo largo de este trabajo ponemos de relieve, en primer lugar, la dimensión jurídica y política que han ido alcanzando los conceptos de medio ambiente, agricultura y alimentación en la Unión Europea. En segundo lugar, analizamos la proyección última del principio de sostenibilidad en la política alimentaria a partir de la aprobación del Pacto Verde y la aprobación de la Estrategia “de la granja a la mesa”. Ello, nos sirve para ahondar en los conceptos de seguridad alimentaria y soberanía alimentaria y su relación con la PAC y otras normas. Por último, revisamos en clave jurídico-administrativa como se ha materializado la puesta en marcha de la Estrategia en sus vertientes preventiva, de control y represiva. |
| Date: | 2024–09–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:6q79x |
| By: | Karim Khelifi (Esthua Faculté de Tourisme, Culture et Hospitalité) |
| Abstract: | This study aims to measure the impact of boarding denials i (a direct consequence of the practice of overbooking) in the airline industryon airline customer loyalty. Drawing on the work of Bejou and Palmer (1998), and Wangenheim and Bayon (2007), the author develops a conceptual model for measuring the impact of denied boarding on airline loyalty, based on two distinct behavioral responses. Specifically, the problem studied is to understand the extent to which denied boarding impacts customer loyalty to the airline, according to the two scenarios of voluntary denied boarding (1) and involuntary denied boarding (2). The overall aim of this study is to provide academic researchers and practitioners with a better understanding of the determinants of loyalty in the airline industry, and to help airlines better manage reputational damage. |
| Abstract: | Le secteur du transport aérien est particulièrement exposé aux défaillances de service, notamment aux retards, à la perte de bagages ou aux annulations de vols. Cette étude vise donc à mesurer l'impact des refus d'embarquement dans le transport aérien (une conséquence directe de la pratique de surréservation) sur la fidélité client à la compagnie aérienne. S'appuyant sur les travaux de Bejou et Palmer (1998), ainsi que ceux de Wangenheim et Bayon (2007), l'auteur élabore un modèle conceptuel qui permet de mesurer l'impact du refus d'embarquement sur la fidélité à la compagnie aérienne sur la base de deux réponses comportementales distinctes. De manière spécifique la problématique étudiée est de comprendre dans quelle mesure les refus d'embarquement impactent la fidélité du client à la compagnie aérienne en fonction des deux cas de figure de refus d'embarquement volontaire (1) ou de refus d'embarquement involontaire (2). L'objectif global de cette étude est d'offrir aux chercheurs universitaires et aux praticiens une meilleure compréhension des déterminants de la fidélité dans le secteur du transport aérien, ainsi qu'à aider les compagnies aériennes à mieux gérer les atteintes à leur réputation. |
| Keywords: | Surréservation aérien transport refus d'embarquement involontaire volontaire yield fidélité consommateur confiance marketing comportement Questionnement scientifique, Surréservation, aérien, transport, refus d'embarquement, involontaire, volontaire, yield, fidélité, consommateur, confiance, marketing, comportement Questionnement scientifique |
| Date: | 2024–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04680182 |
| By: | Marshall Burke; Mustafa Zahid; Mariana C. M. Martins; Christopher W. Callahan; Richard Lee; Tumenkhusel Avirmed; Sam Heft-Neal; Mathew Kiang; Solomon M. Hsiang; David Lobell |
| Abstract: | We study whether the sensitivity of economic, health, and livelihood outcomes to climate extremes has declined over the last half century, consistent with adaptation. Understanding whether such adaptation is already occurring is central to anticipating future climate damages, to calibrating the level of ambition needed for emissions mitigation efforts, and to understanding additional investments in adaptation that could be required to avoid additional damages. Using comprehensive panel data across diverse geographies and outcomes, including data on mortality, agricultural productivity, crime, conflict, economic output, and damages from flooding and tropical cyclones, we find limited systematic evidence of adaptation to date. Across 21 outcomes we study, six show a statistically significant declining sensitivity to a changing climate, five show an increasing sensitivity, and the remainder show no statistically significant change. Our results do not imply that specific documented adaptation efforts are ineffective or certain locations have not adapted, but instead that the net effects of existing actions have largely not been successful in meaningfully reducing climate impacts in aggregate. To avoid ongoing and future damages from warming, our results suggest a need to identify promising adaptation strategies and understand how they can be scaled. |
| JEL: | O13 Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32985 |
| By: | Miquel-Angel Garcia Lopez; Luz Yadira Gomez-Hernandez; Rosa Sanchis-Guarner |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a theoretical framework to study the relationship between expanded road capacity, traffic volumes and increased economic activity. We build on Anas (2024) to show that increased volumes do not necessarily lead to congestion if adjustments in economic factors, such as population or employment, are not substantial. We test our predictions obtaining key estimates with data from Great Britain between 2001 and 2020 and adopting a shift-share instrumental variable approach. We find that the elasticity of vehicle kilometres travelled to road capacity improvements is positive and statistically different from 1 across different specifications, while the elasticity of population and employment is positive but smaller than 1. In our framework this implies that the cost of driving does not increase above initial levels, resulting in higher consumer surplus through changes in travel demand and time savings. |
| Keywords: | transportation, road capacity, aggregate travel cost, economic activity |
| Date: | 2024–09–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2034 |
| By: | Mateos, Angel; Harvey, John; Wu, Rongzong; Buscheck, Jeff; Butt, Ali; Guada, Irwin; Bowman, Michael; Rahman, Mohammad; Brotschi, Julian; Yu, Justin |
| Abstract: | Current Caltrans Standard Specifications for rubberized hot mix asphalt–gap-graded (RHMA-G) do not allow the inclusion of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). This report summarizes the research conducted by the UCPRC in support of the Caltrans-industry initiative “10% RAP in RHMA-G, ” whose goal is to evaluate the use of up to 10% RAP (by aggregate replacement) in RHMA-G mixes, provided that the research does not identify significant potential problems for durability. Five pilot projects were built by Caltrans as part the initiative. In each of the pilots, a control RHMA-G (without RAP) and an RHMA-G with 10% RAP were placed. The mixes were sampled during production and tested using performance-related tests at the UCPRC laboratory. The results of the testing of the mixes—including stiffness, four-point bending fatigue resistance, and rutting resistance—indicate that the addition of 10% RAP had minor effects on the mechanical properties of the RHMA-G. With just a few exceptions related to changes in the total binder content of the mix, the effect of the RAP addition was negligible compared with project-to-project differences. Modeling with CalME software based on four-point bending testing results indicated that the impact of the RAP addition on the cracking performance of the pavement was either negligible or comparable to project-to-project differences. From the constructability point of view, the addition of the RAP did not create any problems. The life cycle assessment presented in this report indicates that the addition of 10% RAP to the RHMA-G can reduce the greenhouse gasses emissions associated with the RHMA-G production (cradle-to-gate) by up to 5%. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, asphalt overlay, rubberized hot mix asphalt–gap-graded (RHMA-G), crumb rubber modifier, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) |
| Date: | 2024–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt72d731bw |