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on Innovation |
| By: | Emna Rassâa (IHEC, University of Carthage); Hafedh Ben Abdennebi (IHEC, University of Carthage) |
| Abstract: | Given the importance of innovation for the development and economic growth in developing countries, we therefore consider it necessary to examine the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPR) and innovation. In order to test this relationship, we use of panel data for a sample of 13 developing countries over the period from 1998 to 2011. We make two contributions to the literature. First of all, the majority of empirical studies, using a single indicator of IPR elaborated by Park And Ginarte (1997), usually do not take into account the application of laws on patents filed in the practice. Unlike the previous studies, we incorporate in our work a new indicator developed by Papageorgiadis et al. (2014) which used to measure the intensity of the dimension related to the application of patent systems. We have also used the one developed by Park and Ginarte (1997) that measures the strength of patent regulations. As a second contribution, we add a new factor likely to influence innovation, namely education. The variable of education has not been taken into account in some studies. On the one hand, our empirical results reveal the existence of nonlinear relationships between IPR and innovation and argue, on the other hand, that the economic development, the opening as well as education are essential factors that contribute significantly and positively to innovation in developing countries. |
| Keywords: | intellectual property rights, innovation, education, developing countries, panel data |
| JEL: | O31 O34 C23 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iefpro:6910165&r=ino |
| By: | Eugenio Caverzasi; Daniele Tori |
| Abstract: | Neo-Schumpeterian economics inspired by the work of Schumpeter and the financial Keynesianism of Minsky are often regarded as unrelated theoretical strands. In this paper, we try to combine these two literatures building on a parallelism between non-financial and financial firms. We focus on recent financial innovations, highlighting how the evolution experienced by US financial institutions led them to transcend their traditional role of credit providers, shaping as 'producers' of financial products, through securitization. This allows on the one hand to broaden the application of Neo-Schumpeterian insights to the financial sector and, on the other, to provide an original explanation of the so-called sub-prime crisis by applying the Financial Instability Hypothesis of Minsky to the alternative context of financial production. We maintain that the 2007-8 crisis was not the result of an innovation in the real sector, but came from an innovation (or a series of innovations) intrinsic to the financial system itself, which fostered credit creation. We argue that this 'cluster of innovations' can be placed under the label 'securitization', defined as the business of packaging and reselling loans, with repo agreements as the main source of funds. |
| Keywords: | Minsky, Schumpeter, securitization, financial firms, Great Financial Crisis |
| Date: | 2018–11–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2018/36&r=ino |
| By: | Tomoyuki Iida (Bank of Japan); Kanako Shoji (Bank of Japan); Shunichi Yoneyama (Bank of Japan) |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the sustainability of China fs rapid growth mainly based on the estimation of the corporate-level total factor productivity of Chinese listed firms. Since the 1980s, both capital accumulation and rapid technological progress -- measured as total factor productivity (TFP) -- have contributed to the high growth of the Chinese aggregate output. Should the prediction of the standard growth theory be correct, however, economic growth led by capital accumulation is not likely to be long lasting, hence we mainly focus on firm level TFP growth. As a result, we identify four channels that would continue to promote the TFP growth of the Chinese corporate sector at an aggregate level: (i) declining proportion of low-productivity state-owned enterprises, (ii) continuous influx of highly competent new start-ups, (iii) broad catching up trend among the laggards in the firm distribution, and (iv) innovation spawning R&D activities. These four channels would underpin the medium-term economic growth of the Chinese economy. |
| Keywords: | China; Total Factor Productivity; Catching up; R&D |
| JEL: | N15 O30 O47 |
| Date: | 2018–11–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boj:bojwps:wp18e19&r=ino |
| By: | Grovermann, C.; Wossen, T.; Muller, A.; Nichterlein, K. |
| Abstract: | Agricultural innovation is an essential component in the transition to more sustainable and resilient farming systems across the world. Innovations generally emerge from collective intelligence and action, but innovation systems are often poorly understood. This study explores the properties of innovation systems and their contribution to increased eco-efficiency in agriculture. Using aggregate data and econometric methods, the eco-efficiency of 79 countries was computed and a range of factors relating to research, extension, business and policy was examined. Despite data limitations, the analysis produced significant results. Extension plays an important role in improving the eco-efficiency of agriculture, while agricultural research, under current conditions, has a positive effect on eco-efficiency only in the case of less developed economies. These and other results suggest the importance of context-specific interventions rather than a one size fits all approach. Overall, the analysis illustrated the potential of a macro-level diagnostic approach for assessing the role of innovation systems for sustainability in agriculture. Acknowledgement : The authors would like to thank the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation for funding this research. |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277416&r=ino |
| By: | Marija Becic (Department of Economics and Business Economics, University of Dubrovnik); Perica Vojinic (Department of Economics and Business Economics, University of Dubrovnik) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to explore whether the gender of top manager plays an important role in innovation activities in selected CEE countries. For this purpose, a framework of logistic binary regressions is applied to the firm-level data from Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS). The research assesses the differences in firm innovation activities in CEECs considering the gender structure of the top management. Findings indicate that, on average, there is a lower possibility that a firm innovates when it is governed by a female manager. However, women in top management are underrepresented in all the industries but this is specially the case in highly innovative sectors such as IT industry. |
| Keywords: | process innovation, product innovation, gender diversity, top management, CEECs firms |
| JEL: | J16 O30 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iefpro:6909790&r=ino |
| By: | Norbäck, Pehr-Johan; Persson, Lars; Svensson, Roger |
| Abstract: | When and how do entrepreneurs sell their inventions? To address this issue, we develop an endogenous entry-sale asymmetric information oligopoly model. We show that low quality inventions are sold directly or used for own entry. Inventors who sell post-entry use entry to credibly reveal information on quality. Incumbents are then willing to pay high prices for high-quality inventions to preempt rivals from obtaining them. Using Swedish data on patents granted to small firms and individuals, we find evidence that high-quality inventions are sold under preemptive bidding competition, post entry. |
| Keywords: | Acquisitions; Innovation; ownership; patents; Quality; start-ups; Verification |
| JEL: | G24 L1 L2 M13 O3 |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13173&r=ino |
| By: | Naubahar Sharif (Associate Professor， Division of Social Science and Public Policy, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Institute for Emerging Market Studies, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) |
| Abstract: | Professor Naubahar Sharif, Faculty Associate at the Institute, offers insights on the high value of Chinese Patent. Quadic" patents add a fourth country to the global (OECD) standard of triadic patents: where companies file for patents in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. China has become the default fourth country in quadic patent filings made by multinational corporations. To secure its position among the U.S., European, and Japanese patent offices in quadic patents, China must enhance its intellectual property rights protection regime. |
| Keywords: | patent, global economic power, china, multinational corporations |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hku:briefs:201824&r=ino |
| By: | Toth, J.; Torok, A.; Balogh, J.M. |
| Abstract: | According to the European Innovation Scoreboard report, there is a big difference between the European Union (EU) member states innovation performance. The majority of the Southern-European countries and Member States joined to the EU in 2004 are considered as moderate innovators. On the top of the list there are the Scandinavian and the Benelux countries, the UK and Germany, while Bulgaria and Romania are the modest innovators in Europe. From an innovation point of view food industry is seen as slow one, which is lagging behind the technology pushed possibilities, but sometimes behind the costumers desires and requirements as well. In our research, we determine why the food companies in the examined European countries - do not engage in innovation activities and - if they do so, what are the main drivers of their innovation performance? We use the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2012 data and employ double hurdle estimation because of the nature of the innovation distribution. This method also helps in overcoming the selection bias problem, which necessarily occurs in this situation. Results prove that networking scope as well as networking intensity, play important role in explaining innovation performance. The size and market obstacles are also significant factors. Acknowledgement : Research was supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary (K 120563 - Innovation resilience in food production and consumption) |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277158&r=ino |
| By: | Oliver Richters (University of Oldenburg, Department of Economics); Andreas Siemoneit (ZOE Institute for future-fit economiex,Bonn, Germany) |
| Abstract: | Economic growth has become a prominent political goal worldwide, despite its severe conflicts with ecological sustainability. Are ‘growth policies’ only a question of political or individual will, or do ‘growth imperatives’ exist that make them ‘inescapable’? We structure the debate along two dimensions: (a) degree of coerciveness between free will and coercion, and (b) types of agents aected. Carefully derived micro level definitions of ‘social coercion’ and ‘growth imperative’ are used to discuss several mechanisms which are suspected to make economic growth necessary for firms, households, and nation states. We identify technological innovations as a systematic necessity to net invest, trapping firms and households in a positive feedback loop to increase eciency. Due to its resource consumption, the competitive advantage of a novel technology is often based on a violation of the meritocratic principle. The resulting dilemma between ‘technological unemployment’ and the social necessity of high employment can explain why states ‘must’ foster economic growth. Politically, we suggest market compliant institutions to limit resource consumption and redistribute economic rents. |
| Keywords: | economic growth; social coercion; growth imperative; technology; resource consumption; unemployment |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:old:dpaper:414&r=ino |