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on Innovation |
| By: | Neuhäusler, Peter; Frietsch, Rainer |
| Abstract: | Global innovations have been on the rise in the last decade. About 4.5% of all transnational patent filings are global innovations, i.e. research projects that are handled by teams in different continents, and the number has grown quite significantly since the 1990s. Global innovations have also gained importance in international cooperations per se. In 2013, nearly 70% of all international co-patents were global innovations. Global innovations also outperform the average patent in terms of patent quality, i.e. global innovations are significantly higher cited and are broader in terms of market coverage. Europe and North America show the highest numbers of global innovations in absolute terms. In relative terms, i.e. in shares of total filings, however, the countries from the "rest of the world" show the highest engagement in global innovations. German inventors are involved in more than 20% of all global innovations, i.e. every fifth global innovation stems from a cooperation with a German inventor, with North America being the most important "global" partner. Chemistry, pharmaceuticals and related fields show the largest shares of global innovations, from a technological as well as a sector-specific point of view. In mechanical engineering, especially automobiles and vehicles, global innovations play a minor role. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:efisdi:132017&r=ino |
| By: | Andersson, David E. (Department of Business Studies, Uppsala University); Galaso, Pablo (Instituto de Economía, Universidad de la República); Saiz, Patricio (Departamento de Análisis Económico: Teoría Económica e Historia Económica. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) |
| Abstract: | Sweden and Spain have developed very distinct systems of innovation over the long term. The former has a highly innovative economy while the latter drags serious problems in science and technology. However, during the first half of the nineteenth century both countries were latecomers to the industrial revolution in the European periphery with similar economic, technological, and institutional challenges ahead. In this paper, we hypothesize that one possible reason for this long-term divergence lies in the different collaboration patterns that emerge from interactions among innovative agents. To analyse such cooperation patterns we apply social network analysis methods and study co-patent networks in Sweden and Spain during the second industrial revolution (1878-1914). The results demonstrate that collaboration among innovators and openness to foreign influence was greater in Sweden than in Spain. This research opens new paths for further studies both on economic history and innovation networks dynamics. |
| Keywords: | collaboration, innovation networks, patents, social network analysis, Sweden, Spain, second industrial revolution |
| JEL: | N01 N73 O30 O33 Z13 |
| Date: | 2017–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uam:wpapeh:201702&r=ino |
| By: | Giacomo Marangoni (FEEM, CMCC and Politecnico di Milano); Gauthier De Maere (FEEM); Valentina Bosetti (FEEM, CMCC and Bocconi University) |
| Abstract: | The availability of technology plays a major role in the feasibility and costs of climate policy. Nonetheless, technological change is highly uncertain and capital intensive, requiring risky efforts in research and development of clean energy technologies. In this paper, we introduce a two-track method that makes it possible to maintain the rich set of information produced by climate-economy models while introducing the dimension of uncertainty in innovation ef- forts, without succumbing to computation complexity. In particular, we solve the problem of an optimal R&D portfolio by employing Approximate Dynamic Programming, through multiple runs of an integrated assessment model (IAM) for the purpose of computing the value function, and expert elicitation data to quantify the relevant uncertainties. We exemplify the methodology with the problem of evaluating optimal near-term innovation investment portfolios in four key clean energy technologies (solar, biofuels, bioelectricity and personal electric vehicle batteries), taking into account the uncertainty surrounding the effectiveness of innovation to improve the performance of these technologies. We employ an IAM (WITCH) which has a fairly rich description of the energy technologies and experts’ beliefs on future costs for the above-mentioned technologies. Focusing on Europe and its short-term climate policy commitments, we find that batteries in personal transportation dominate the optimal public R&D portfolio. The resulting ranking across technologies is robust to changes in risk-aversion, R&D budget limitation and assump- tions on crowding out of other investments. These results suggest an important upscaling of R&D efforts compared to the recent past. |
| Keywords: | Energy, Innovation, Technological Change, Uncertainty, Climate Policy |
| JEL: | O30 O33 Q40 Q41 Q50 Q55 |
| Date: | 2017–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2017.16&r=ino |
| By: | Horbach, Jens; Jacob, Jojo |
| Abstract: | "Up to now, the growing literature on the determinants of eco-innovation has not considered the influence of personal characteristics of the employees of a firm. The existing econometric analyses show much 'noise' explaining the driving forces of eco-innovation. The paper tries to open the 'black box' of unexplained heterogeneity. In fact, latent variables such as the greenness of a firm may be explained by the personal characteristics (gender, family status, geographical origin, education etc.) of the staff and the decision makers in a firm. The linked employer-employee database of the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) in Germany allows such an analysis based on data for 2010 and 2012. The results of an econometric analysis show that a high share of high qualified women and a mixed gender composition of the management board are positively correlated to eco-innovation activities. Furthermore, the results confirm that export-oriented firms are more likely to innovate, firms characterized by an over-aging of the staff innovate less and a higher competition pressure leads to more innovations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| JEL: | C35 J16 Q55 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:201711&r=ino |
| By: | Jun Byoung Oh (Department of Economics, Inha University); Yee Kyoung Kim (Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how increased examination workloads at patent office affect the patent examination process and tests whether workloads have any external effect on examiners' decisions. Using novel micro-level data, we provide the first empirical evidence that examiner decisions are systematically biased as workload increases, with examiners being more likely to grant a patent than to reject it. The regression results also indicate that the quality of examinations decreases as workload increases. In appeal trials, the likelihood of grant decision reversal significantly increases as workload increases, while the likelihood of the revocation of a refusal decision exhibits statistically significant negative relationship with increased workloads. These results imply that an examiner who lacks sufficient time for a prior art search tends to grant a patent and, consequently, a large workload decreases the quality of examinations by resulting in unqualified patents. |
| Keywords: | Examination workloads, grant decision bias, type II error, quality of examinations |
| JEL: | K0 O30 O38 |
| Date: | 2017–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inh:wpaper:2017-3&r=ino |
| By: | Duc Anh Dang |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the impact of Chinese import penetration on the innovation of Vietnamese manufacturing firms from 2011 to 2015, exploiting variations in import exposure by industry specialization and instrumenting for Chinese import penetration using Chinese global exports. Contrary to the existing literature, the paper finds no systematic evidence that rising imports from China make domestic firms adopt new technologies or innovations in their products. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2017-77&r=ino |
| By: | Siedschlag, Iulia; Di Ubaldo, Mattia |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of investment in knowledge-based capital on firm productivity. The analysis is based on a dynamic econometric model estimated with micro-data from Ireland over the period 2006-2012. We use broad measures of investment in knowledge-based capital which include expenditures on R&D, and on non-R&D intangible assets such as computer software, copyrights, patents and licences, royalties and organisational capital. The results indicate that on average, over and above other factors, an increase in investment in knowledge-based capital of 10 per cent increases firm productivity by 2 per cent. The research results indicate that productivity gains linked to investment in KBC are larger for Irish-owned firms in comparison to foreign-owned firms. Further, the estimates indicate that firms’ productivity is more responsive to investment in R&D than to investment in non-R&D intangible assets. |
| Date: | 2017–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp556&r=ino |
| By: | Chang, C-L.; McAleer, M.J.; Tang, J-T. |
| Abstract: | With the advent of globalization, economic and financial interactions among countries have become widespread. Given technological advancements, the factors of production can no longer be considered to be just labor and capital. In the pursuit of economic growth, every country has sensibly invested in international cooperation, learning, innovation, technology diffusion and knowledge, and outward direct investment. In this paper, we use a panel data set of 40 countries from 1981 to 2008 and a negative binomial model, using a novel set of cross-border patents and joint patents as proxy variables for technology diffusion, in order to investigate such diffusion. The empirical results suggest that, if it is desired to shift from foreign to domestic technology, it is necessary to increase expenditure on R&D for business enterprises and higher education, exports and technology. If the focus is on increasing bilateral technology diffusion, it is necessary to increase expenditure on R&D for higher education and technology. It is also found that outward foreign direct investment has no significant impact on either joint or cross-border patents, whereas inward foreign direct investment has a significant negative impact on cross-border patents but no impact on joint patents. Moreover, government expenditure on higher education has a significant impact on both cross-border and joint patents |
| Keywords: | International Technology Diffusion, Exports, Imports, Joint Patent, Cross-border Patent, R&D, Negative Binomial Panel Data |
| JEL: | F14 F21 O30 O57 |
| Date: | 2016–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ems:eureir:98656&r=ino |
| By: | INOUE Hiroyasu; NAKAJIMA Kentaro; SAITO Yukiko |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how the reduction of the travel costs through improvement in transportation infrastructure lead to knowledge diffusion. Using the case of the opening of the Nagano-Hokuriku shinkansen, and applying the difference-in-differences approach, we estimate the impact of the high-speed rail on innovative activities along the line. We find that after the opening of the high-speed rail, innovative activities by establishments along the line significantly increased. Furthermore, collaborative patents across establishments along the line and citations of patents published by the establishments in Tokyo increased. These imply that the innovative activities along the line are increased through knowledge diffusion from nearby establishments and those in Tokyo. |
| Date: | 2017–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:17034&r=ino |
| By: | Maria Rosario Correia (Faculty of Management Technology, The German University in Cairo); Raquel F Ch Meneses (Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto) |
| Abstract: | Although venture capital is considered crucial for promoting economic de-velopment and innovation, not much has been done regarding the use of complex financing contracts in venture capital backed investments. In this study we investigate the use of convertible securities and control rights covenants for a sample of 15 Portuguese venture capital firms. We use an innovative methodology - a fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis - that considers both quantitative and qualitative factors for obtaining a solution that best fits the empirical data. Our results show that the use of convertible securities is affected by the anticipated severity of double-sided moral hazard problems. Moreover, a mixed support is provided to the agency predictions regarding the use of control right covenants. In-terestingly, the results reveal that convertible securities, unlike control rights covenants, are the most apt instrument to reduce costly double-sided incentive problems of a venture capital relationship. |
| Keywords: | none |
| Date: | 2017–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:guc:wpaper:44&r=ino |
| By: | Elham Erfanian (West Virginia University, Regional Research Institute); Amir B. Ferreira Neto (West Virginia University, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Scientific research contributes to sustainable economic growth environments. Hence, policy-makers should understand how the different inputs - namely labor and capital - are related to a country's scientific output. This paper addresses this issue by estimating output elasticities for labor and capital using a panel of 31 countries in nine years. Due to the nature of scientific output, we also use spatial econometric models to take into account the spillover effects from knowledge produced as well as labor and capital. The results show that capital elasticity is closer to the labor elasticity. The results suggest a decreasing return to scale production of scientific output. The spatial model points to negative spillovers from capital expenditure and no spillovers from labor or the scientific output. |
| Keywords: | Scientific output, capital, labor, spillover effects |
| JEL: | O32 F01 O15 |
| Date: | 2017–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wvu:wpaper:17-04&r=ino |
| By: | Balázs Égert |
| Abstract: | Empirical research on the drivers of multi-factor productivity (MFP) is abundant at the firm- and industry level but surprisingly little research has been conducted on the determinants of MFP at the macroeconomic level. In this paper, we seek to understand the drivers of country-level MFP with a special emphasis on product and labour market policies and the quality of institutions. For a panel of OECD countries, we find that anticompetitive product market regulations are associated with lower MFP levels and that higher innovation intensity and greater openness go in tandem with higher MFP. We also find that the impact of product market regulations on MFP may depend on the level of labour market regulations. Better institutions, a more business friendly environment and lower barriers to trade and investment amplify the positive impact of R&D spending on MFP. Finally, we also show that cross-country MFP variations can be explained to a considerable extent by cross-country variation in labour market regulations, barriers to trade and investment and institutions (including corruption). |
| Keywords: | multi-factor productivity, trade openness, innovation, product market regulation, labour market regulation, institutions, policy interactions, OECD. |
| JEL: | C23 C51 J2 L43 L51 O4 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2017-18&r=ino |
| By: | Can Askan Mavi (PSE - Paris School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This article aims to show how a market exposed to catastrophic events finds the equilibrium level of adaptation and mitigation policies through R&D policy, with respect to different levels of Poisson probability of catastrophe. We study the effect of pollution tax on long-run growth rate and the implications of catastrophe probability on this effect. Our results suggest that economy increases its R&D level with a higher catastrophe probability only if penalty rate due to an abrupt event is sufficiently high. We also show that pollution tax could increase the long-run growth. Besides, the catastrophe probability increases the amplitude of this positive effect if penalty rate is high enough. The market makes adaptation much more than mitigation with a higher catastrophe probability if total productivity of R&D is higher than cleanliness of innovations for intermediate goods. Lastly, we show that pollution growth could be higher with less polluting inputs, which we call a Jevons type paradox. |
| Keywords: | Adaptation, Occurence Hazard, Endogenous Technological Change,Abrupt damage,Mitigation |
| Date: | 2017–02–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01455297&r=ino |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | Economic globalisation has given rise to two types of networks that stretch out across OECD and emerging economies. At the one side, global value chains (GVCs) can be thought of as the “material” transfers of goods and services (final as well as intermediate) across borders. At the other side, Global Innovation Networks (GINs) refer to the transfers of intangibles and immaterial assets between countries. Concerns are increasingly raised in policy discussions that countries are not able to capture the value of their innovative activities, hence the clear need to better understand the interdependencies between these two types of networks. |
| Date: | 2017–04–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaac:37-en&r=ino |
| By: | Rammer, Christian; Schmitz, Frederik |
| Abstract: | Die vorliegende Studie zur Fortentwicklung der EFI-Indikatorik präsentiert Kennzahlen zum Umfang und zur Struktur der staatlichen Aktivitäten in Deutschland zur Förderung von Forschung und Innovation. Ein Schwerpunkt bildet die Entwicklung der staatlichen Finanzierung von Forschung und Innovation differenziert nach Fördermittelgebern, Empfängergruppen und Finanzierungs- bzw. Förderarten für die vergangenen 20 bis 25 Jahren. Ein zweiter Schwerpunkt zielt auf die Veränderungen in der thematischen Ausrichtung und operativen Abwicklung der FuE- und Innovationsförderung in Deutschland für verschiedene Zielgruppen in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten ab. Die Indikatoren werden unter Nutzung von Datenquellen der amtlichen Statistik, des Berichts Forschung und Innovation der Bundesregierung sowie des BMBF-Datenportals, der FuE-Erhebungen im Wirtschaftssektor, bei den Hochschulen und in den staatlichen Forschungseinrichtungen, der Innovationserhebung im Wirtschaftssektor, der Projektförderdatenbank des BMBF sowie der Datenbank des BMWi zu Fördermaßnahmen gebildet. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:efisdi:92017&r=ino |
| By: | Engberg, Erik (The Ratio Institute); Halvarsson, Daniel (The Ratio Institute); Tingvall, Patrik (Södertörn University, The Ratio Institute and the Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the real effects of venture capital on targeted firms. Specifically, using a unique dataset with comprehensive information on private- and governmental venture capital investments, we examine the effects of such investments on firms' sales, employment and investments in physical capital. The results suggest that both private and public venture capital boost firm sales two to three years after the investment. The sales increase can, in turn, partially be traced to an investment effect, and partially to increased efficiency, whereas no employment effects are found. Finally, our findings suggest that government investors are more prone than private VC firms to make follow-up investments in stagnating non-growing firms. |
| Keywords: | Venture capital; Start-ups; Firm growth; Investments; Governmental venture capital |
| JEL: | C21 C23 D22 G24 G28 H44 L25 L26 |
| Date: | 2017–04–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0288&r=ino |
| By: | Cao, Shutao |
| Abstract: | Many economies experienced a slowdown of measured productivity in the 2000s, coinciding with the commodity price boom. We use a multisector growth model for a small open economy to quantify the contribution of sector-specific technology and relative prices of trade to productivity slowdown. We show that the effective aggregate total factor productivity consists of two components: the weighted average of sector-specific technology, and the weighted averaged of domestic-export price ratios which reflect export costs. This extends the Domar aggregation result of Hulten (1978). When calibrated to the Canadian data, the model suggests that productivity slowdown was mainly attributed to two sectors: commodity; machinery and equipment. Cross-country data show that, in two thirds of countries that experienced productivity slowdown, slower productivity growth in sectors serving domestic market was a dominant factor, while in the other one third, reduced domestic-export price ratio played a major role. |
| Keywords: | Productivity measurement, Sector-specific technological change, Input-output linkage, Relative price, |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vuw:vuwecf:6203&r=ino |
| By: | Claire Chambolle (UR 1303 Alimentation et Sciences Sociales - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - ALISS - Alimentation et Sciences Sociales, Departement d'Economie de l'Ecole Polytechnique - Ecole Polytechnique - X); Clémence Christin (CREM - Centre de Recherche en Economie et Management - UNICAEN - Université Caen Normandie - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The availability of a new product in a store creates, through word-of-mouth ad- vertising, an informative spillover that may go beyond the store itself. We show that, because of this spillover, each retailer is able to extract a slotting fee from the manu- facturer at product introduction. Slotting fees may discourage innovation and in turn harm consumer surplus and welfare. We further show that the spillover may facilitate the use of pay-to-stay fees by an incumbent to deter entry. Finally, a manufacturer is likely to pay lower slotting fees when it can heavily advertize or when it faces larger buyers. |
| Keywords: | Buyer Power, Innovation, Informative Advertising, Slotting Fees |
| Date: | 2017–01–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01458949&r=ino |
| By: | Amaia Iza |
| Abstract: | One recent empirical regularity is that Örm-growth is negatively related to Örmís age. Besides, employment-age proÖles are áatter in less developed economies, but it is also observed áatter employmentage proÖles among fast growing economies rather than in slow growing economies. This paper develops an occupational choice life-cycle model based on Guner et al. (2015), where entrepreneursískills determine entrepreneurial technology in a similar way to Poschke (2015). We consider that exogenous technological advances imply a higher degree of complexity. Entrepreneursí skills determine the degree of complexity they can manage. As in Guner et al. (2015), entrepreneurs invest in their skills over their life-cycle. But, unlike Guner et al. (2015), entrepreneursí skills depreciation depends also on the rhythm at which skills of newborn entrepreneurs are growing. The empirical implication of the stationary equilibrium concerning Örm growth is consistent with these observed facts This paper develops an occupational choice life-cycle version of Lucas (1978) span-of-control model based on the assumption that entrepreneurs' skills determine entrepreneurial technology in a similar way to Poschke (2015). We consider that there are exogenous technological advances in the economy and that new advances imply a higher degree of complexity. Entrepreneurs' skills determine the degree of complexity they can manage and, hence, the degree of adoption of new technologies. As in Guner et al. (2015), entrepreneurs invest in their skills over their life-cycle. But, unlike Guner et al. (2015), entrepreneurs' skills investment also depends on the depreciation of their relative skill with respect to newborn entrepreneurs' skills. Faster exogenous growth of technological advances can lead to a higher firms' productivity growth over their life cycle, but also may imply a higher depreciation of old entrepreneurs abilities. We analyze the empirical implications of the stationary equilibrium concerning firms' age-TFP profile, employment-age profile, managers' income life-cycle profile, and aggregate TFP growth depending on the country's level of development and growth rate of technological advances. |
| Keywords: | European countries and the US., Miscellaneous, Growth |
| Date: | 2016–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ekd:009007:9469&r=ino |
| By: | Georgieva, Daniela |
| Abstract: | The main goal of this paper is to explore how Bulgarian business sees innovations today. The main task of this study is to find the degree to which firms innovate as well as what are the main innovations organizations will spend the most. The main thesis of the paper is that innovations are not a priority among Bulgarian enterprises. |
| Keywords: | innovation, economic growth, priority, research and development |
| JEL: | O30 O31 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:78033&r=ino |
| By: | Jan Hagemejer |
| Abstract: | The New Member States have been experiencing firm internationalization not only through inward foreign direct investment but also through exporting, importation of foreign technology in investment goods and increased use of imported intermediates. We argue that there are important productivity spillovers within the global value chains, ie. FDI alone does not tell the whole story of the reallocation processes going on in the economies of the NMS. We augment the standard TFP spillover empirical model with modern measures of GVC participation to contribute to the debate on the 'desired' country/sector/firm position in the GVC. In our study we combine firm-level data with international sectoral input-output data. Firm level data come from the Amadeus database. In order to maximize the number of observations, we combine data from multiple Amadeus waves. The resulting firm-level data sample covers the period of 1997-2011. The study has two parts. In the first part, we analyze the foreign firm producticvity premia over the domestic firms. We check if the foreign productivity premium is affected by the position of the firm in the Global Value Chain and the foreign content of sectoral exports. We do that in order to verify if there are benefits of the positition in the GVC that lead to lowering the productivity gap between foreign and domestic firms. In the second part, we augment the methodology by Smarzynska-Javorcik (2004) with measures of GVC participation to analyze the various channels of internationalization. In order to obtain a measure of total factor productivity we use the now-standard approach by Levinsohn and Petrin (2003). We focus on Poland but we also run the spillover equations on the full New Member States sample and on the individual NMS. All regressions control for country/sector specificity and the business cycles. We show that increased foreign content of exports brings additional productivity gains on top of the ones attributed to exporting and FDI spillovers that are mostly backward in nature. Moreover, we show that in selected cases, participation in the GVC leads to a smaller productivity gap between foreign and domestic firms. In Poland and Hungary the productivity gains for domestic firms are located in production of intermediate goods with high foreign value content as well as in goods located close to the final demand. In many other NMS the benefits are concentrated close to the final demand. |
| Keywords: | New EU Member States, Trade issues, Growth |
| Date: | 2016–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ekd:009007:9250&r=ino |
| By: | Neuhäusler, Peter; Rothengatter, Oliver; Frietsch, Rainer; Feidenheimer, Alexander |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:efisdi:42017&r=ino |
| By: | Fisher, Monica (Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology); Holden, Stein T. (Centre for Land Tenure Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences); Katengeza, Samson P. (Centre for Land Tenure Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how the Farmer-to-Farmer-Extension (F2FE) system with lead farmers and follower farmers influences adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) technologies in Malawi. Using data from 180 lead farmers and their 455 followers in central and southern Malawi, we assess the level of influence lead farmers have on their followers’ familiarity with and adoption of CA. The main findings are that (a) lead farmers have significant influence on CA familiarity and adoption among followersthrough their motivation, familiarity, and own adoption and (b) F2FE is a complement rather than a substitute for other agricultural extension activities. Policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Africa; conservation agriculture (CA); farmer-to-farmer extension (F2FE); Malawi; technology adoption; lead farmers; followers of lead farmers |
| JEL: | Q16 |
| Date: | 2017–04–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nlsclt:2017_007&r=ino |
| By: | Gehrke, Birgit; John, Katrin; Kerst, Christian; Wieck, Markus; Sanders, Sandra; Winkelmann, Gert |
| Abstract: | Im Rahmen der Indikatorikstudien zum Themenfeld Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) in Staat und Wirtschaft wird in diesem Jahr eine Kurzstudie vorgelegt, in der ausgewählte Kernindikatoren aktualisiert und analysiert werden. Im Fokus stehen dabei zum einen Indikatoren zur Position Deutschlands im internationalen FuE-Wettbewerb, zum anderen Kennzahlen zur sektoralen und regionalen Verteilung der FuE-Kapazitäten in Deutschland. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:efisdi:12017&r=ino |
| By: | Müller, Simon C.; Böhm, Markus; Krcmar, Helmut; Welpe, Isabell M. |
| Abstract: | Selten zuvor haben Konzepte und Technologien überall auf der Welt so schnell und weitreichend Anwendung gefunden wie digitale Geschäftsmodelle und Smartphones in den letzten Jahren. Die digitale Transformation stellt die Politik vor große Herausforderungen. Für eine fundierte Entscheidungsfindung fehlen derzeit aber noch belastbare Studien. Diese Machbarkeitsstudie benennt und erläutert Datensätze und Forschungsmethoden zur Beantwortung der gestellten Forschungsfragen. Dabei wird auch auf Risiken und Kosten der vorgeschlagenen Forschungsmethoden eingegangen. Die Verfasser der Machbarkeitsstudie schlagen einen Methodenmix vor, der sowohl quantitative und qualitative Befragungen, als auch die Auswertung umfassender Datenbanken beinhaltet. Es wird vorgeschlagen die Erforschung des Status quo und insbesondere der Entstehungsdynamik digitaler Geschäftsmodelle anhand einer Kombination aus Handelsregisterdaten, d.h. alle Kapitalgesellschaften als Grundgesamtheit, und Datensätzen zu Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A), Initial Public Offerings (IPO) und Venture-Capital (VC) Finanzierungsrunden durchzuführen. Für börsennotierte Firmen soll der Erfolg digitaler Geschäftsmodelle mit Hilfe von Daten großer Finanzdatenanbietern wie Thomson Reuters oder Bloomberg gemessen werden. Die Bedeutung des Endnutzerzugangs soll mit Hilfe der Firmenbewertungen von Unternehmen mit Services, die eine hohe Nutzerzahl aufweisen, quantifiziert werden. Zukunftsszenarien sollen basierend auf aktuellen Firmengründungen, VC-Finanzierungsrunden, Akquisitionen, Patentanmeldungen sowie Experteninterviews bzw. einer Delphi Studie entwickelt werden. Fallstudieninterviews in allen relevanten Basissektoren sollen Veränderungen in den Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken der Unternehmen aufzeigen. Eine Umfrage unter Führungskräften mit IT-Verantwortung soll die Nutzung aktueller Technologien wie Big Data und Cloud Computing aufzeigen und die Erfolgswirkung der digitalen Transformation untersuchen. Die Machbarkeitsstudie ist wie folgt organisiert: Kapitel 1 erläutert die Relevanz der Arbeit, Kapitel 2 und 3 enthalten wichtige Begriffsdefinitionen und geben einen umfassenden Überblick über die relevante Literatur, um aufzuzeigen, welche Forschungsfragen sich bereits mit Hilfe der bestehenden Literatur beantworten lassen. Kapitel 4 erklärt das Forschungsdesign, das zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen entwickelt wurde. Dabei zeigt Tabelle 8 relevante Sekundärdatensätze. Abschnitt 4.5 beschreibt in kompakter Form (Tabelle 12 - Tabelle 14) welche Forschungsfragen mit welchem Forschungsdesign beantwortet werden sollen und welches Risiko mit den jeweiligen Ansätzen verbunden ist. Kapitel 5 enthält die Kostenschätzung für die Durchführung der einzelnen Arbeitspakete. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:efisdi:122016&r=ino |