|
on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Gustavo de Souza; Jacob S. Herbstman; Jack Mannion |
| Abstract: | We study how the demand for programming skills has impacted inequality. We create a new dataset with information on wages, employment, and software of Brazilian programmers, covering the period from the birth of information technology (IT) to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). High-ability, high-wage, and highly educated individuals in key technology hubs are more likely to become programmers. Creating software boosts both wages and career prospects of programmers, especially for those with specialized skills in AI and cybersecurity. These wage gains are concentrated among top programmers, increasing inequality within the profession. Therefore, increased demand for specialized skills in programming has contributed to wage inequality both within the programming field and between programmers and other occupations. |
| Keywords: | technological progress; AI; software |
| JEL: | J23 J24 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedhwp:99304 |
| By: | Serafica, Ramonette B.; Oren, Queen Cel A. |
| Abstract: | This study examines the size and distribution of the Philippine media sector, identifies the challenges to competition and growth, and explores the impact of new technologies. A layered media model was used to map the major players, primarily in traditional media industries such as news publishing, TV broadcasting, and radio broadcasting. Concentration ratios at the national and regional levels were calculated, along with a simple and novel measure that captures diversity in media supply. The extent of market concentration in other relevant industries in the information and communication sector was also assessed. The Philippine media is predominantly privately owned. Many large media companies are owned by families, while a few are affiliated with religious institutions.The business interests of some companies extend beyond the media sector. The radio broadcasting industry is generally less concentrated compared to news publishing and TV broadcasting, and the diversity of voices is relatively higher in radio broadcasting as well. Most of the other industries in the information and communication sector are highly concentrated. While consumer preference is increasingly shifting towards digital media, significant portions of the population, especially outside NCR, still lack access to the internet, particularly fixed broadband. To foster media industry growth, the government should reduce policy and regulatory barriers to entry and expansion and ensure the sustainability of media organizations, especially those that serve local communities or engage in public interest journalism. Other critical factors, such as internet connectivity and literacy, which complement the development of the media sector, must also be strengthened. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | media;competition;ownership;concentration;diversity;mass media |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2024-29 |
| By: | Quimba, Francis Mark A.; Moreno, Neil Irwin S.; Salazar, Alliah Mae C. |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the current state of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in Philippine businesses and industries, analyzing the barriers to adoption and evaluating the government's role in fostering AI-driven industrial development. Through an analysis of various AI readiness indices and case studies, the research finds that while basic digital infrastructure is widespread, with 90.8 percent of establishments having computers and 81 percent having internet access, advanced technology adoption remains limited. Only 14.9 percent of firms use AI technologies, with adoption concentrated in urban areas and larger firms, particularly in the ICT and BPO sectors. The study identifies key barriers including limited digital infrastructure, low awareness of AI technologies, significant skills gaps, and insufficient funding opportunities. Drawing from economic theory and international case studies, the paper outlines three critical domains for government intervention: market facilitation, capability building, and ecosystem coordination. The research proposes policy recommendations focusing on infrastructure development, human capital development, regulatory frameworks, public-private partnerships, and ethical guidelines. These recommendations emphasize the need for coordinated action across government agencies, substantial investment in digital infrastructure and education, and the establishment of clear governance frameworks to ensure responsible AI adoption while fostering innovation and competitiveness in the Philippine business sector. Comments on this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | artificial intelligence;AI policy;industrial policy;AI adoption |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2024-35 |
| By: | Marie Obidzinski (Université Paris Panthéon Assas, CRED, Paris, France); Yves Oytana (Université de Franche-Comté, CRESE, Besançon, France) |
| Abstract: | We characterize the socially optimal liability sharing rule in a situation where a manufacturer develops an artificial intelligence (AI) system that is then used by a human operator (or user). First, the manufacturer invests to increase the autonomy of the AI (i.e., the set of situations that the AI can handle without human intervention) and sets a selling price. The user then decides whether or not to buy the AI. Since the autonomy of the AI remains limited, the human operator must sometimes intervene even when the AI is in use. Our main assumptions relate to behavioral inattention. Behavioral inattention reduces the effectiveness of user intervention and increases the expected harm. Only some users are aware of their own attentional limits. Under the assumption that AI outperforms users, we show that policymakers may face a tradeoff when choosing how to allocate liability between the manufacturer and the user. Indeed, the manufacturer may underinvest in the autonomy of the AI. If this is the case, the policymaker can incentivize the latter to invest more by increasing his share of liability. On the other hand, increasing the liability of the manufacturer may come at the cost of slowing down the diffusion of AI technology. |
| Keywords: | K4 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afd:wpaper:2406 |
| By: | Ludovic Dibiaggio (SKEMA Business School); Lionel Nesta (Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France; SKEMA Business School; Sciences Po Paris, OFCE, France); Simone Vannuccini (Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France) |
| Abstract: | We present a first-of-its-kind empirical study of technological sovereignty in artificial intelligence, adopting a competence-based perspective. We use patents and publication data to map competencies across AI techniques, functions and applications, and develop a novel measure of integration based on relative specializations and complementarities. We argue that our measure approximates technological sovereignty by capturing local capabilities to innovate in AI. We use our novel measure to explain AI innovation, and unpack integration determinants. Our focus is on the European Union, given its lagging position yet key role in a global landscape increasingly characterized by growing rivalries and fragmentation. |
| Keywords: | Greening value chains, Firm internal markets failures, Transfer pricing, Fiscal compliance and the environment, environmental governance |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2024-34 |
| By: | Cassey LEE (ISEAS) |
| Abstract: | The main objective of this study is to empirically examine the role played by amenities in supporting growth and trade in Malaysia during the pandemic and post-pandemic recovery phases. The manufacturing sector has been an important factor in mitigating the negative impact of the pandemic. It has also been a positive driver of the country’s economic recovery. Transport, health and ICT-related amenities supported production, consumption, and trade activities during the pandemic and post-pandemic recovery periods. |
| Keywords: | Growth, Amenities, Covid-19 |
| JEL: | F43 I15 |
| Date: | 2024–11–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2024-28 |
| By: | Munipalle, Pravith |
| Abstract: | Bot trading, or algorithmic trading, has transformed modern financial markets by using advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning to execute trades with unparalleled speed and efficiency. This paper examines the mechanisms and types of trading bots, their impact on market liquidity, efficiency, and stability, and the ethical and regulatory challenges they pose. Key findings highlight the dual nature of bot trading—enhancing market performance while introducing systemic risks, such as those observed during the 2010 Flash Crash. Emerging technologies like blockchain and predictive analytics, along with advancements in AI, present opportunities for innovation but also underscore the need for robust regulations and ethical design. To provide deeper insights, we conducted an experiment analyzing the performance of different trading bot strategies in simulated market conditions, revealing the potential and pitfalls of these systems under varying scenarios. |
| Date: | 2024–12–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:p98zv |