|
on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | William Barnett (Department of Economics, The University of Kansas; Center for Financial Stability, New York City; IC2 Institute, University of Texas at Austin); Mingzhi Hu (Department of Investment, School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai, China;); Xue Wang (Department of Finance; College of Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;) |
| Abstract: | Impacts on the probability of transition to entrepreneurship in rural China associated with the utilization of information communication technology (ICT) are estimated using longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) survey. We identify cell phone ownership and internet use as proxy variables for ICT utilization and find that cell phone ownership and internet use have positive impacts on entrepreneurship. After controlling for observables and time and regional fixed effects, cell phone users (internet users) are 2.0 (6.4) percentage points more likely to engage in entrepreneurship than the others. Considering that the average entrepreneurship rate for rural households is only 9.5% in the sample, the influence of cell phone ownership and internet use are very strong in the economic sense. Our results are robust to unobservable individual characteristics, model misspecification, and reverse causality of entrepreneurship to ICT utilization. Evidence also suggests that social network and information and knowledge acquisition play the mediating roles in the impact of ICT utilization on entrepreneurship. |
| Keywords: | ICT; social network; information acquisition; entrepreneurship |
| JEL: | D10 M51 Q55 |
| Date: | 2018–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kan:wpaper:201802&r=ict |
| By: | Eyal Apatov (Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment); Nathan Chappell (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research); Arthur Grimes (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research) |
| Abstract: | Using data on internet access for New Zealand’s 46,637 meshblocks, we examine issues of path dependence and the digital divide. We test whether areas that had the best railway access in the 1880s also have best access to new fibre internet infrastructure. Results suggest strong path dependence with respect to topography: people in areas that lacked 19th century rail due to remoteness or terrain are much less likely to have prioritised fibre access and slightly less likely to have current or (planned) future fibre access. Next, we examine path dependence with respect to ethnicity, given that 19th century railways deliberately avoided predominantly M?ori areas. The results suggest weak path dependence: countrywide, M?ori are slightly less likely to get fibre access than other New Zealanders, though are slightly more likely to have access within urban areas. Finally, we examine whether the rollout of fibre is increasing or decreasing the digital divide in access between rich and poor. Results show that those in more deprived areas are the most likely to benefit from fibre access, because these areas also tend to be denser and density was a factor in determining the path of the fibre rollout. |
| Keywords: | Digital divide, path dependence, economic history, inequality, broadband |
| JEL: | L92 L96 N97 |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtu:wpaper:18_04&r=ict |
| By: | Peter Sittler |
| Abstract: | Digitalization is a global phenomenon and has an important impact on real estate industry. A growing importance of digital transformation is expected in the future. Especially the real estate sector with solid, physical and palpable buildings seems to deprive this trend.This research paper will evaluate the recent and future situation of digital real estate trends in particular the DACH region [Germany (D), Austria (A), Switzerland (CH)]. The first part gives an overview to point out the current state of literature and to find a comprehensive analysis of the published literature. Especially the Switzerland publishes outstanding studies in this field. There is a number of publications concerning the future of real estate and the utilized technologies as the meanwhile mainly known buzzwords building information modelling (BIM), internet of things (IoT), augmented (AR) and virtual reality (VR), big data analytics, 3D-printing, cloud solutions and smart concepts. But an overall survey and summary was not yet made. The second part should identify the upcoming topics influencing the real estate industry. The aim is to analyze future business models and trends with their advantages or disadvantages for infrastructure, buildings and companies to structure and classify their future potential. Many new proptechs (consisting of the terms property and technology) coming up to shift the property sector into the digital era, so the development of alternative business models will become essential for real estate business. |
| Keywords: | Business Model; Digitalization; New Technology; proptech; Trends |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2017–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2017_128&r=ict |
| By: | Dengler, Sebastian (Tilburg University, TILEC); Prüfer, Jens (Tilburg University, TILEC) |
| Abstract: | Recent progress in information technologies provides sellers with detailed knowledge about consumers' preferences, approaching perfect price discrimination in the limit. We construct a model where consumers with less strategic sophistication than the seller's pricing algorithm face a trade-off when buying. They choose between a direct, transaction cost-free sales channel and a privacy-protecting, but costly, anonymous channel. We show that the anonymous channel is used even in the absence of an explicit taste for privacy if consumers are not too strategically sophisticated. This provides a micro-foundation for consumers' privacy choices. Some consumers benefit but others suffer from their anonymization. |
| Keywords: | privacy; big data; perfect price discrimination; level-k thinking |
| JEL: | L11 D11 D83 D01 L86 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutil:809f6834-9e85-4449-b21a-67cdb02beacf&r=ict |
| By: | Ferraro, Simona |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses how the integration of ICT in education has affected the mathematics test scores for Italian students measured by the Programme for International Student Assessment 2012 data. The problem of endogeneity that affects survey data in this area, is addressed by applying the Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) methodology as in Cabras & Tena Horrillo (2016). The BART methodology needs a prior and likelihood functions using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to obtain the posterior distribution. Controlling for socioeconomic, demographic and school factors, the predicted posterior distribution implies an increase, on average, of 16 points in the test scores. The result indicates that the use of ICT at school has a positive and strong impact on mathematic test scores. |
| Keywords: | ICT Bayesian additive regression tree Posterior distribution, PISA |
| JEL: | C25 I20 O33 |
| Date: | 2018–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:86175&r=ict |